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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2010

An Integrated, Evidence-Based Approach to Transitioning to Operations: Specifications for Future Replacement Lights on ISS

The International Space Station (ISS) currently uses General Luminaire Assemblies (GLAs) as its primary light source. These GLAs are composed of fluorescent lighting and are integrated into the electrical system on Station. Seventy seven of these units are distributed throughout the vehicle, and many of the lights, having reached their lifespan, are no longer functional; while backup panels are available on orbit, it is anticipated that the supplies of fluorescents on the station will be exhausted by 2015. The ISS vehicle office is therefore preparing to replace all of the GLAs, with Solid State Light Assemblies (SSLAs) composed of white Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). In the Spring of 2010, an announcement for the replacement lights was released. The announcement specified that proposed lighting systems should use LED technology, given certain power draw restrictions and no changes to how the lights are currently controlled (a central on/off switch per node, and a dial to turn on/off and increase brightness on each lighting unit). The replacement lights are to follow current specifications for brightness levels (lux) and color temperature (degrees Kelvin, or K). Reportedly, the lighting on orbit is dim and suboptimal. The average brightness of the lights (given all lights within a node are operational) is 291 lux; by comparison, recommended office lighting ranges from 200 to 500 lux, and daylight ranges on a typical overcast day, consists of 10,000 to 25,000 lux. Representatives from NASA Behavioral Health and Performance Element (BHP) and Human Factors and Habitability identified that maintaining current brightness levels limits visual acuity, work space, and the use of light as a countermeasure for improving circadian entrainment, hastening phase shifting, evoking acute alertness and enhancing performance. Revised lighting specifications are therefore needed to optimize the replacement lights for the ISS.

Leveton, Lauren↗
DOE OSTI2018

Spectroscopic studies of Dy3+ doped borate glasses for cool white light generation

Highlights: • BAZN glasses with Dy{sup 3+} ions were prepared using melt quench technique. • Under n-UV excitation the BAZN glasses show white light emission. • Energy transfer through cross-relaxation leads to concentration quenching. • Calculated CIE coordinates are close to the commercial w-LED. • 0.5 mol% of Dy{sup 3+} in these glasses are apt for cool white light generation. - Abstract: The Dy{sup 3+} ions doped Na{sub 2}O-ZnO-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-B{sub 2}O{sub 3} (BAZN) glasses with variable doping concentrations were synthesized by melt-quenching technique. The XRD pattern reveals amorphous nature of the as-synthesized glass. The FT-IR spectrum reveals various stretching and bending vibration of aluminates, borate and some other groups. The emission spectra exhibit two intense bands at around 482 nm (blue) and 575 nm (yellow) corresponding to the {sup 4}F{sub 9/2} → {sup 6}H{sub 15/2} and F{sub 9/2} → {sup 6}H{sub 13/2} transitions respectively. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of the as-synthesized glasses are lying in white region and in proximity to the coordinates for white light specified by National Television Standard Committee and commercial phosphor converted white light emitting devices. The decay profile of BAZN glasses showed bi-exponential behavior due to the energy transfer mechanism from excited donor ion to unexcited acceptor ion. The above-mentioned studies show potential of the as-synthesized Dy{sup 3+} doped BAZN glasses in solid state lighting applications.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Small Cyclic Diammonium Cation Templated (110)-Oriented 2D Halide (X = I, Br, Cl) Perovskites with White-Light Emission

Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites exhibit excellent potential for optoelectronics because of their outstanding physical properties and structural diversity. White-light emission is one property of 2D perovskites that originates from self-trapped excitons (STE) in the highly distorted structures. The so-called (110)-oriented 2D perovskites are generally distorted and believed to be good candidates for white-light emitting devices. Here, we report (110)-oriented 2D perovskites, C 4 N 2 H 12 PbX 4 (X = I, Br, Cl), templated by the small cyclic diammonium cation, 3-aminopyrrolidinium (3APr). Structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the distortion of the inorganic part of the structures is influenced by the stereochemical conformation of the cation between the perovskite layers. The experimental bandgaps follow the trend I < Br < Cl (2.56 eV, 3.29 eV, 3.85 eV, respectively). Density functional theory calculations reveal a weak but significant electronic band dispersion along the stacking axis, suggesting a non-negligible interlayer electronic coupling caused by the short proximity of adjacent inorganic layers. The high level of distortion results in the emergence of white-light emission, rarely seen in iodide perovskites, as well as the bromide and chloride isostructural analogues, which provides perfect platform to compare the broad emission mechanism for all three halides. The bromide and chloride perovskites show longer lifetimes and higher color rendering index (CRI) (83 and 85), relevant to solid-state lighting. Lastly, temperature-dependent PL measurements confirm that the broad emission comes from different STE mechanism for different halides, with the peak broadening persisting even at low temperature for the chloride compound.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Precise radiative lifetimes in bulk crystals from first principles: the case of wurtzite gallium nitride

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a key semiconductor for solid-state lighting, but its radiative processes are not fully understood. Here we show a first-principles approach to accurately compute the radiative lifetimes in bulk uniaxial crystals, focusing on wurtzite GaN. Our computed radiative lifetimes are in very good agreement with experiment up to 100 K. We show that taking into account excitons (through the Bethe–Salpeter equation) and spin–orbit coupling is essential for computing accurate radiative lifetimes. A model for exciton dissociation into free carriers allows us to compute the radiative lifetimes up to room temperature. Our work enables precise radiative lifetime calculations in III-nitrides and other anisotropic solid-state emitters.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Synthetic and spectroscopic studies of vanadate glaserites I: Upconversion studies of doubly co-doped (Er, Tm, or Ho):Yb:K{sub 3}Y(VO{sub 4}){sub 2}

The synthesis and upconversion properties of trigonal glaserite-type K{sub 3}Y(VO{sub 4}){sub 2} co-doped with Er{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+}, Ho{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+}, or Tm{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+} were studied. Powder samples were synthesized by solid state reactions at 1000 °C for 48 h, while well-formed hexagonal single crystals of the same were grown hydrothermally using 10 M K{sub 2}CO{sub 3} at 560–650 °C. Infrared-to-visible upconversion by Er{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+}, Ho{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+}, or Tm{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+} codoped-K{sub 3}Y(VO{sub 4}){sub 2} glaserite powder and single crystals was observed, and the upconversion spectral properties were studied as a function of different Er{sup 3+}, Tm{sup 3+}, Ho{sup 3+}, and Yb{sup 3+} ion concentrations. The process is observed under 980 nm laser diode excitation and leads to strong green (552 nm) and red (659 nm) emission for Er{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+}, green (549 nm) and red (664 nm) emission for Ho{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+}, and blue (475 nm) and red (647 nm) emission for Tm{sup 3+}/Yb{sup 3+}. The main mechanism that allows for up-conversion is attributed the energy transfer among Yb{sup 3+} and the various Er{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+}/Tm{sup 3+} ions in excited states. These results illustrate the large potential of co-doped alkali double vanadates for photonic applications involving optoelectronics devices. - Graphical abstract: Synthesis and upconversion in vanadate glaserites. - Highlights: • K{sub 3}Y(VO{sub 4}){sub 2} codoped with Er, Tm, or Ho:Yb were synthesized via solid-state and hydrothermal routes. • Upconversion properties are investigated. • The codoped compounds revealed efficient infrared-to-visible upconversion. • The presented compounds are potential host for solid state lighting.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Stable Luminous Nanocomposites of Confined Mn 2+ -Doped Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals in Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres as Orange Fluorophores

Creating highly stable inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbX 3 , where X = Cl, Br, and I) with excellent optical performance is challenging because their optical properties depend on their ionic structure and its inherent defects. Here, we present a facile and effective synthesis using a nanoconfinement strategy to grow Mn 2+ -doped CsPbCl 3 nanocrystals embedded in dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs). The resulting nanocomposite is abbreviated as Cs(Pb x /Mn 1-x )Cl 3 @MSNs and can serve as the orange emitter for white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). The MSN matrix was prepared via a templated sol-gel technique as monodispersed center-radial dendritic porous particles, with a diamater of ~105 nm and an inner pore size of ~13 nm. The MSN was then utilized as the matrix to initiate the growth of Mn-doped perovskite nanocrystals (NCs). The NCs in the resulting composite have an average diameter of 8 nm and a photoluminescence quantum yield of >30%. In addition, the optical properties of the Cs(Pb x /Mn 1-x )Cl 3 @MSNs can be tuned by varying the Mn 2+ doping level. The resulting composites presented a significantly improved resistance to ultraviolet (UV) light, temperature, and moisture compared to that of bare Cs(Pb 0.72 /Mn 0.28 )Cl 3 . Finally, we fabricated down-converting WLEDs by using Cs(Pb x /Mn 1-x )Cl 3 @MSNs as the orange-emitting phosphor deposited onto UV-emitting chips, demonstrating their promising applications in solid-state lighting. Furthermore this work provides a valuable approach to fabricating stable orange luminophores as replacements for traditional emitters in light-emitting diode devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

High efficiency III-nitride light-emitting diodes

Tailored doping of barrier layers enables balancing of the radiative recombination among the multiple-quantum-wells in III-Nitride light-emitting diodes. This tailored doping enables more symmetric carrier transport and uniform carrier distribution which help to reduce electron leakage and thus reduce the efficiency droop in high-power III-Nitride LEDs. Mitigation of the efficiency droop in III-Nitride LEDs may enable the pervasive market penetration of solid-state-lighting technologies in high-power lighting and illumination.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

High-Power Warm-White Hybrid LED Package for Illumination

In this project, an integrated warm-white hybrid light engine was developed. The hybrid approach involves combining phosphor-converted off-white InGaN LEDs and direct-emitting red AlInGaP LEDs in a single light engine to achieve high efficacy together with high color rendering index. We developed and integrated technology improvements in InGaN and AlInGaP die technology, phosphor technology, package architecture and encapsulation, to realize a hybrid warm-white LED package with an efficacy of 140 lm/W at a correlated color temperature of 3000K and a color rendering index of 90, measured under representative operating conditions. This efficacy is 26% higher than the best warm-white LEDs of similar specification that are commercially available at the end of the project. Since the InGaN- and AlInGaP-based LEDs used in the hybrid engine show different behavior as a function of current and temperature, a control system needs to be in place to ensure a stable color point over all operating conditions. In this project, we developed an electronic control circuit that is fully integrated into the light engine in such a way that the module can simply be driven by a conventional single-channel driver. The integrated control circuit uses a switch-mode boost converter topology to control the LED drive currents based on the temperature and the input current of the light engine. A color control performance of 5 SDCM was demonstrated, and improvement to 3 SDCM is considered well within reach. The combination of high efficacy and ease of integration with existing single-channel drivers is expected to facilitate the adoption of the hybrid technology and accelerate the energy savings associated with solid-state lighting. In the product commercialization plan, downlights and indirect-lit troffers have been selected as the first target applications for this product concept. Fully functional integrated prototypes have been developed for both applications, and the business case evaluation is ongoing as of the end of the project.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2017

Final Report DOE SSL Grant (No. DE-EE0006673) Advanced Light Extraction Structure for OLED Lighting

The innovation proposed in this grant is to demonstrate a novel internal light extraction (ILE) design that can maximize the energy efficiency of Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) lighting devices without negatively impacting the device voltage, efficacy or angular color dependences. Even though, OLEDs have unique features compared to its inorganic counterparts, LEDs, in terms of technology development and market readiness levels, it still lags LEDs by several years. The main challenges as identified in the National Research Council’s 2013 Assessment on Solid State Lighting, are the cost of the materials and the low light extraction efficacy [1]. Improving the light extraction will improve both the $/Klm and lm/W, two important metrics DOE uses to measure the cost effectiveness of a light source.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Creation of a U.S. Phosphorescent OLED Lighting Panel Manufacturing Facility

Universal Display Corporation (UDC) has pioneered high efficacy phosphorescent OLED (PHOLED™) technology to enable the realization of an exciting new form of high quality, energy saving solid-date lighting. In laboratory test devices, we have demonstrated greater than 100 lm/W conversion efficacy. In this program, Universal Display will demonstrate the scalability of its proprietary UniversalPHOLED technology and materials for the manufacture of white OLED lighting panels that meet commercial lighting targets. Moser Baer Technologies will design and build a U.S.- based pilot facility. The objective of this project is to establish a pilot phosphorescent OLED (PHOLED) manufacturing line in the U.S. Our goal is that at the end of the project, prototype lighting panels could be provided to U.S. luminaire manufacturers for incorporation into products to facilitate the testing of design concepts and to gauge customer acceptance, so as to facilitate the growth of the embryonic U.S. OLED lighting industry. In addition, the team will provide a cost of ownership analysis to quantify production costs including OLED performance metrics which relate to OLED cost such as yield, materials usage, cycle time, substrate area, and capital depreciation. This project was part of a new DOE initiative designed to help establish and maintain U.S. leadership in this program will support key DOE objectives by showing a path to meet Department of Energy Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing Roadmap cost targets, as well as meeting its efficiency targets by demonstrating the energy saving potential of our technology through the realization of greater than 76 lm/W OLED lighting panels by 2012.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS2015

Commerical Transition to LEDs: A Pathway to High-Value Products

The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to support plant growth is a radical departure from use of gas-discharge lamps, which were developed in mid-19th and widely adopted by the industry during the 20th century. Initial investigation by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the late 1980s on the use of LEDs to grow plant in space is resulting in an industry-wide transition from gas discharge to solid-state lighting systems. This global transformation is given urgency by national policies to reduce energy consumption and being facilitated by ready access to information on LEDs. The combination of research, government policy, and information technology has resulted in an exponential increase in research into the use and application of LED technology in horticulture. Commercial horticulture has identified the opportunities provided by LEDs to optimize light spectra to promote growth, regulate morphology, increase nutrient content, and reduce operating costs. LED-light technology is enabling the development of innovative lighting systems, and is being incorporated into large-scale plant factories for the production of edible, ornamental, and medicinal plants. An overview of prevalence of readily accessible information on LEDs and implications for future adoption in horticulture is discussed.

Commerical↗
DOE OSTI2013

Hydrothermal synthesis and characteristics of anions-doped calcium molybdate red powder phosphors

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Four anion-doped CaMoO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+} red phosphors were prepared by hydrothermal approach. • Some samples exhibit nearly spherical morphology and well-distributed fine particles. • The red luminescence can be obviously enhanced after certain amount of anion doping. • The improved phosphor system is a potential candidate for white LED applications. - Abstract: Applying hydrothermal and subsequent heat-treatment process, CaMoO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+} was doped with four anions (SiO{sub 3}{sup 2−}, PO{sub 4}{sup 3−}, SO{sub 4}{sup 2−} and ClO{sub 3}{sup −}) to prepare fine red powder phosphors. The introduction of small amount of anions into the host had little influence on the structure, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns. The anion-doped phosphor samples (except SiO{sub 3}{sup 2−}) exhibited nearly spherical morphology, and the particle sizes were in the range of 0.3–0.4 μm for SO{sub 4}{sup 2−}-doped samples, and 0.8–1.2 μm for PO{sub 4}{sup 3−} and ClO{sub 3}{sup −}-doped samples. Excited with 395 nm near-UV light, all samples showed typical Eu{sup 3+} red emission at 615 nm, and PO{sub 4}{sup 3−}, SO{sub 4}{sup 2−} and ClO{sub 3}{sup −}-doped samples enhanced the red luminescence as compared with the individual CaMoO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+} sample. In particular, relative emission intensity for optimum ClO{sub 3}{sup −}-doped phosphors reached more than 6-fold that of the commercial red phosphor, which is highly desirable for the powder phosphors used in the solid-state lighting industry.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Development and Industrialization of InGaN/GaN LEDs on Patterned Sapphire Substrates for Low Cost Emitter Architecture

Patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) technology has proven to be an effective approach to improve efficacy and reduce cost of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The volume emission from the transparent substrate leads to high package efficiency, while the simple and robust architecture of PSS-based LEDs enables low cost. PSS substrates have gained wide use in mid-power LEDs over the past years. In this project, Lumileds has developed and industrialized PSS and epitaxy technology for high- power flip-chip LEDs to bring these benefits to a broader range of applications and accelerate the adoption of energy-efficient solid-state lighting (SSL). PSS geometries were designed for highly efficient light extraction in a flip-chip architecture and high-volume manufacturability, and corresponding sapphire patterning and epitaxy manufacturing processes were integrally developed. Concurrently, device and package architectures were developed to take advantage of the PSS flip-chip die in different types of products that meet application needs. The developed PSS and epitaxy technology has been fully implemented in manufacturing at Lumileds’ San Jose, CA location, and incorporated in illumination-grade LED products that have been successfully introduced to the market, including LUXEON Q and LUXEON FlipChip White.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Thermodynamic Limit for Excitonic Light-Emitting Diodes

Here, we derive the thermodynamic limit for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and show that strong exciton binding in these devices requires a higher voltage to achieve the same luminance as a comparable inorganic LED. The OLED overpotential, which does not reduce the power conversion efficiency, is minimized by having a small exciton binding energy, a long exciton lifetime, and a large Langevin coefficient for electron-hole recombination. Based on these results, it seems likely that the best phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescence OLEDs reported to date approach their thermodynamic limit. The framework developed here is broadly applicable to other excitonic materials, and should therefore help guide the development of low voltage LEDs for display and solid-state lighting applications.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

One Pot Synthesis of Cyan Emitting CdZnSSe Quantum Dots for Human Centric Lighting

A one pot synthesis of blue and green emissive CdZnSSe quantum dots (QDs) from thio- and selenoureas and Cd and Zn carboxylates is optimized using high throughput robotic optimization. A large set of spectral data (N = 192) is used to train machine learning models that accurately predict the photoluminescence emission wavelength (λmax) and full-width half-maximum, and the relative photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from the S:Se and Zn:Cd stoichiometries and reaction time. ZnS shells are deposited on the crude QD heterostructures using 4-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptan, a more reactive source of sulfide that enables shell growth below the temperature where ion diffusion in the QD can broaden its optical spectrum (≤275 °C). These optimized procedures provide gram quantities of blue-green emitting QDs (PLQY = 85–99%) in a single reaction vessel. A solid state lighting device (4260 K) that incorporates cyan emissive QDs achieved a higher luminous efficacy of 179 lm/W and melanopic daylight efficiency ratio (0.71) than existing commercial human centric lighting devices.

Jordan, Abraham J↗
DOE OSTI2014

Spectroscopic enhancement in nanoparticles embedded glasses

This presentation provides an overview of the recent progress in the enhancement of the spectroscopic characteristics of the glass embedded with nanoparticles (NPs). Some of our research activities with few significantly new results are highlighted and facilely analyzed. The science and technology dealing with the manipulation of the physical properties of rare earth doped inorganic glasses by embedding metallic NPs or nanoclusters produce the so-called 'nanoglass'. Meanwhile, the spectroscopic enhancement relates the intensity of the luminescence measured at certain transition. The enhancement which expectedly due to the 'plasmonics wave' (referring to the coherent coupling of photons to free electron oscillations called plasmon) occurs at the interface between a conductor and a dielectric. Plasmonics being an emerging concept in advanced optical material of nanophotonics has given this material the ability to exploit the optical response at nanoscale and opened up a new avenue in metal-based glass optics. There is a vast array of plasmonic NPs concepts yet to be explored, with applications spanning solar cells, (bio) sensing, communications, lasers, solid-state lighting, waveguides, imaging, optical data transfer, display and even bio-medicine. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) can enhance the optical response of nanoglass by orders of magnitude as observed. The luminescence enhancement and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) are new paradigm of research. The enhancement of luminescence due to the influence of metallic NPs is the recurring theme of this paper.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Dual interfacial H-bonding-enhanced deep-blue hybrid copper–iodide LEDs

Solution-processed light-emitting diodes based on non-toxic copper–iodide hybrids are a compelling solution for efficient and stable deep-blue lighting, owing to their tunability, high photoluminescence efficiency and environmental sustainability. Here we present a hybrid copper–iodide that shows near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (99.6%) with an emission wavelength of 449 nm and colour coordinates (0.147, 0.087), alongside its emission mechanism and charge transport characteristics. Here, we use the thin film of this hybrid as the sole active emissive layer to fabricate deep-blue light-emitting diodes and subsequently enhance the device performance through a dual interfacial hydrogen-bond passivation strategy. This synergetic surface modification approach, integrating a hydrogen-bond-acceptor self-assembled monolayer with an ultrathin polymethyl methacrylate capping layer, effectively passivates both heterojunctions of the copper–iodide hybrid emissive layer and optimizes charge injections. We achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.57%, a maximum luminance of 3,970.30 cd m −2 with colour coordinates (0.147, 0.091) and an excellent operational stability (half-lifetime) of 204 hours under ambient conditions. We further showcase a large-area device of 4 cm 2 that maintains high efficiency. Our findings reveal the potential of copper–iodide-based hybrid materials for applications in solid-state lighting and display technologies, offering a versatile strategy for enhancing device performances.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Highly Efficient Broad-Band Luminescence Involving Organic and Inorganic Molecules in a Zero-Dimensional Hybrid Lead Chloride

The photophysical mechanism of ultrabright visible light emission in the zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid organic–inorganic material (HOIM), (DETA)PbCl 5 ·H 2 O (DETA = diethylenetriammonium), has been studied. This compound exhibits efficient room-temperature bluish white-light (WL) emission, corroborated by a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) value of 36.8 % and a Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates of (0.18, 0.17). Optical investigations reveal that broad-band emission containing multiple emission centers originates from both the fluorescence of the organic molecules DETA and self-trapped excitons within the [Pb 2 Cl 10 ] 6– inorganic bioctahedral dimers. Furthermore, an enhanced PLQY of up to 40.3% with an adjusted pure WL emission (CIE of (0.33, 0.34)) and a remarkable color rendering index of 90 was achieved through the incorporation of Mn 2+ within (DETA)PbCl 5 ·H 2 O. Our findings aid in understanding the photophysical properties of 0D HOIMs and preparation of new families of highly emissive materials for solid-state lighting applications.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗