Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “SHINE”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Design and Testing of Subsystems for Mo-99 Production Facility

Three beamline configurations have been proposed for the SHINE Medical Technologies facility for producing fission-product 99 Mo using a D/T-accelerator (Figure 1). One configuration, proposed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), includes a three-bend magnet system with a total 20° bending angle. This configuration also includes a set of octuplet magnets to generate a non-Gaussian beam profile. Argonne has proposed two beamlines based on a (1) 10° bending magnet (Appendix A and Ref. 1) and (2) alpha magnets (Appendix B) that use a pair of raster doublets to redistribute the beam over the face of the target. This report gives an overview of the various designs.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Experimental Results for Direct Electron Irradiation of a Uranyl Sulfate Solution: Bubble Formation and Thermal Hydraulics Studies

In support of the development of accelerator-driven production of fission product Mo-99 as proposed by SHINE Medical Technologies, a 35 MeV electron linac was used to irradiate depleted-uranium (DU) uranyl sulfate dissolved in pH 1 sulfuric acid at average power densities of 6 kW, 12 kW, and 15 kW. During these irradiations, gas bubbles were generated in the solution due to the radiolytic decomposition of water molecules in the solution. Multiple video cameras were used to record the behavior of bubble generation and transport in the solution. Seven six-channel thermocouples were used to record temperature gradients in the solution from self-heating. Measurements of hydrogen and oxygen concentrations in a helium sweep gas were recorded by a gas chromatograph to estimate production rates during irradiation. These data are being used to validate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the experiment that includes multiphase flow and a custom bubble injection model for the solution region.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2015

Final Report for Project. Quark matter under extreme conditions

The results obtained in the two years of the grant have served to shine new light on several important questions about the phases of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) under extreme conditions that include quark matter at high density, as well quark-gluon plasma at high temperatures, both in the presence of strong magnetic fields. The interest in including an external magnetic field on these studies is motivated by the generation of large magnetic fields in off-central heavy-ion collisions and by their common presence in astrophysical compact objects, the two scenarios where the physics of quark matter becomes relevant. The tasks carried out in this DOE project led us, among other things, to discover the first connection between the physics of very dense quark matter and novel materials as for instance topological insulators and Weyl semimetals; they allowed us to find a physical explanation for and a solution to a standing puzzle in the apparent effect of a magnetic field on the critical temperature of the QCD chiral transition; and they led us to establish by the first time that the core of the observed two-solar-mass neutron stars could be made up of quark matter in certain inhomogeneous chiral phases in a magnetic field and that this was consistent with current astrophysical observations. A major goal established by the Nuclear Science Advisory committee in its most recent report “Reaching for the Horizon” has been “to truly understand how nuclei and strongly interacting matter in all its forms behave and can predict their behavior in new settings.” The results found in this DOE project have all contributed to address this goal, and thus they are important for advancing fundamental knowledge in the area of nuclear physics and for enhancing our understanding of the role of strong magnetic fields in the two settings where they are most relevant, neutron stars and heavy-ion collisions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

On the Path to SunShot - Advancing Concentrating Solar Power Technology, Performance, and Dispatchability

Energy storage will help enable CSP compete by adding flexibility value to a high-variable-generation (solar plus wind) power system (see Mehos et al. 2016). Compared with PV, CSP systems are more complex to develop, design, construct, and operate, and they require a much larger minimum effective scale—typically at least 50 MW, compared with PV systems that can be as small as a few kilowatts. In recent years, PV’s greater modularity and lower LCOE have made it more attractive to many solar project developers, and some large projects that were originally planned for CSP have switched to PV. However, the ability of CSP to use thermal energy storage—and thus provide continuous power for long periods when the sun is not shining—could give CSP a vital role in evolving electricity systems. Because CSP with storage can store energy when net demand is low and release that energy when demand is high, it increases the electricity system’s ability to balance supply and demand over multiple time scales. Such flexibility becomes increasingly important as more variable-generation renewable energy is added to the system. For example, one analysis suggests that, under a 40% renewable portfolio standard in California, CSP with storage could provide more than twice as much value to the electricity system as variable-generation PV. For this reason, enhanced thermal energy storage is a critical component of the SunShot Initiative’s 2020 CSP technology-improvement roadmap.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Edwards nXDS15iC Vacuum Scroll Pump Pressure Testing

The SRNL High Pressure Laboratory performed testing on an Edwards Model nXDS15iC Vacuum Scroll Pump on July 10th and 11th of 2013 at 723-A. This testing was done in an attempt to obtain initial compression ratio information for the nXDS15iC pump, with compression ratio defined as discharge pressure of the pump divided by suction pressure. Pressure burst testing was also done on the pump to determine its design pressure for pressure safety reasons. The Edwards nXDS15iC pump is being evaluated by SRNL for use part of the SHINE project being executed by SRNL.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Uranyl sulfate irradiations at the Van de Graaff: A means to combat uranyl peroxide precipitation

As part of an effort to support SHINE Medical Technologies in developing a process to produce Mo-99 by neutron-induced fission, a series of irradiation experiments was performed with a 3 MeV Van de Graaff accelerator to generate high radiation doses in 0.5–2 mL uranyl sulfate solutions. The purpose was to determine what conditions result in uranyl peroxide precipitation and what can be done to prevent its formation. The effects of temperature, dose rate, uranium concentration, and the addition of known catalysts for the destruction of peroxide were determined.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Design and Testing of Subsystems for Mo-99 Production Facility

So far, three beamline configurations have been proposed for the SHINE Medical Technologies facility for producing fission-product 99 Mousing a D/T-accelerator (Figure 1). One configuration, proposed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), includes a three-bend magnet system with a total 20 o bending angle. This configuration also includes a set of octuplet magnets to generate a non-Gaussian beam profile. Argonne has proposed two beamlines based on a (1)10° bending magnet (Appendix A and Ref. 1) and (2) alpha magnets (Appendix B) that use a pair of raster doublets to redistribute the beam over the face of the target. While those configurations are quite different, and each of the configurations has its advantages and disadvantages, they all have to incorporate the means to verify beam parameters before placing the beam on the target, monitor beam position and shape during a run, protect the target housing from the overheating due to beam displacement, and protect the beamlines from overheating due to beam misalignment.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Kilopower Space Reactor Launch Safety - Maximum Credible Dose for a Criticality Accident

This note examines potential consequences for the Kilopower small space reactor going critical during a launch accident. The goal of this analysis is to postulate the dose at a distance that could be generated during a criticality accident event (with emphasis on potential public doses.) This note does not examine local consequences to an individual who would be close enough to the reactor (within several 10’s of meters) to receive a lethal dose from the direct shine of neutrons and gamma radiation present when the reactor is critical.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Plasmon-mediated electrochemical reactions: the influence of nanoparticle structure (Final Report)

Harnessing the energy of the sun to drive chemical reactions is an important strategy for lowering the cost and energy consumption associated with producing chemicals of interest. One challenge inherent to using solar energy is finding ways to convert the light into more useful forms of energy that can be utilized by chemical reactions. This research project focuses on using nanoscale particles of gold and silver (~10-100 nanometers in size and known as plasmonic nanoparticles) that are capable of transforming light energy into chemical energy in order to facilitate electrochemical reactions at the nanoparticle surface. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between a molecule of interest and the plasmonic nanoparticle, which serves as an electrode. When we shine light on the nanoparticle, it helps promote the transfer of electrons, improving the reaction efficiency and yield. An open question is how the shape and size of the nanoparticle affects its ability to transform light into useful energy for electrochemical reactions that can then be utilized by molecules near the surface. This requires us to study reactions between molecules and single nanoparticles, so we can understand the role that heterogeneity in nanoparticle structure plays. To do this, we use molecules that change color and emit light when they undergo an electrochemical reaction, providing a strategy to follow these reactions at the surface of single nanoparticles. Our experiments reveal the importance of controlling the interface between the molecules and the plasmonic nanoparticles, as well as the interface between the plasmonic nanoparticles and the supporting substrate. Moreover, it is critical to find molecules that show well-behaved electrochemical behavior, in order to verify that the observed behaviors are due to the plasmonic nanoparticles and not the molecular reporters.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Initial Assessment for a Generic Horizontal Fissile Solution Vessel with an Electron Beam-based Neutron Generator

The LANL NA-23 program office has provided an extensive design study for a medical isotope (i.e. Molybdenum-99) production facility based on a fissile solution vessel with various accelerator technologies. These concept designs and associated R&D have provided affordable pathways for system optimization for industry counter partner such as SHINE and Global Medial Isotope Supply (GMIS). A horizontal fissile solution vessel design with an electron beam (E-beam) accelerator is proposed and studied with modeling capabilities developed for previous concepts (i.e. a generic vertical fissile solution vessel with a deuterium-tritium (DT) accelerator). An initial system assessment is performed by estimating theoretical Molybdenum-99 production yield with MCNP6.2. A baseline system configuration is constructed based on early design discussions between LANL and GMIS. Since only an initial design concept is available at this stage, all associated system design parameters can be adjusted to fit the best system performance characteristics. In this work, unlike previous vertical system studies, the cooling configuration of the horizontal fissile solution vessel is not considered, and only fission reactions are used to quantify the theoretical product yield. Five parametric design studies are proposed, preliminary results are briefly reported, and extended design studies beyond what is proposed here are also discussed. It is concluded that a comprehensive system analysis via multiphysics coupled calculation developed by LANL should be further conducted for the final design.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Heliotrope: A Solar Powered Hot Air Balloon Flight System

What it is: A roughly spherical balloon constructed from light duty painter's plastic (0.31 mil high density polyethylene) and darkened with air float charcoal powder. Balloons typically range from 12-40 ft across depending on mission needs. How it works: Sunlight shines on the balloon, heating the air inside. The density difference due to the hot air in the balloon is sufficient to lift it up to 80,000 ft in the air

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Notes from the GEM Chair

We certainly live in unusual and quite challenging times, and we hope everyone is healthy and doing well. For the first time in almost 30 years, because of the current COVID-19 crisis, the GEM Steering Committee decided to cancel the in-person GEM Summer Workshop and organize a virtual meeting in its place. The Virtual GEM will occur during the same week as the originally scheduled in-person workshop, July 20-23, with Monday July 20 as the student day. We will try to maintain the original format of GEM as much as possible, with plenary sessions in the morning, Focus Group breakout sessions in the afternoon, and poster sessions in the evening. Please provide your full support to the meeting organizers to help make this first VGEM a great success! As of now, we still plan to hold the GEM 2021 summer workshop in Hawaii from July 26-30, 2021, with a GEM student day on July 25. This workshop will be back-to-back with SHINE (to occur at the same hotel the week after GEM) - please consider attending both!

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Modifications to the Bubble experiment and preparation for additional irradiations

SHINE Medical Technologies is planning to use neutron-induced fission in a subcritical low-enriched-uranium uranyl sulfate target solution for production of 99 Mo. During this operation, the solution will undergo self-heating due to fissioning of the uranium, radiolytic decomposition of the water, and circulation due to thermal gradients generated in the solution, and will be cooled by cooling tubes running through the annulus and from cooling outside the annulus. Because the formation of the radiolysis-induced bubbles (H 2 and O 2 ) and their size and dynamics will impact the operational parameters of the liquid target, an understanding of bubble behavior is critical for the ability to predict the behavior of the target solution during this operation. It is also important to be able to predict the thermal gradients and the circulation in the vessel. Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have designed an experimental setup to study radiolytic gas formation in uranyl sulfate under direct electron beam irradiation and have conducted initial experiments. Results of those experiments provided invaluable information on thermal hydraulic behavior of the solution and some information on bubble formation and behavior, but those initial experiments fell short in the measurements of the gas generation rates and bubble behavior. To address the shortcomings of the original experiment, the irradiation setup was modified to improve our abilities to measure gas generation rates and measure the temperature distribution in the solution with better precision. Modifications to the experimental setup and preparation for the irradiations are described below.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Novel Quantum Dot Technology Shows Promise in Simplifying Vehicle and Structural Surface Inspections

A team of researchers from both the Air Force Institute and Technology and Los Alamos National Laboratory are developing a paint that contains a material called quantum dots which can optically measure deformation of a surface. Quantum dots are the same materials used in new QLED television displays; however, they can also be used for a multitude of sensing applications such as deformation. The researchers used a new method of applying an interfacial layer between the quantum dot paint and the surface under investigation to help adhesion in harsh environments. The primary motivation behind this research is to make both quality assurance and maintenance of aircraft easier for the warfighter. The researchers’ efforts started in 2019 and are continuing. The technology works by shining a light onto the surface of the paint and the dots will emit back a wavelength of light that relates to the amount of deformation the surface is going through. This has the promise to allow for real-time 2D surface measurements that is more affordable than other 2D surface measurement alternatives.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Measurement of beam-correlated background neutrons from the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam in ANNIE Phase-I (Final Technical Report)

The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) aims to make a unique measurement of neutron yield from neutrino-nucleus interactions and to perform R&D for the next generation of water-based neutrino detectors. In this paper, we characterize beam-induced neutron backgrounds in the experimental hall at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. It is shown that the background levels are sufficiently low to allow the next stage of the experiment to proceed. These measurements are relevant to other Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) experiments located adjacent to ANNIE Hall, where dirt neutrons and sky-shine could present similar backgrounds.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Irradiation of 20L LEU Uranyl Sulfate Solution for Production of Mo-99

Argonne National Laboratory, with support from the National Nuclear Security Administration’s Office of Material Management and Minimization, is assisting SHINE Medical Technologies in the development of accelerator-driven production of 99 Mo using low-enriched uranium (LEU). Technetium-99m ( 99m Tc), a daughter of 99 Mo, is a workhorse of nuclear medicine, used in approximately 40,000 medical testing procedures each day just in the U.S.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Protecting pilots, law enforcement and others from lasers [Slides]

Laser lights are being shined into the eyes of law enforcement officers, first responders, and pilots to harass, distract or harm them. Over the last 10 years, there has been a 148% increase in reported aviation laser events in the US. The availability of powerful lasers has increased and the price has decreased over time. Retroreflector prisms return laser light to the origin. This solution is both protective and helps identify the location of the source.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Development Support for NREL's System Advisor Model (SAM): Cooperative Research and Development, CRADA Number CRD-20-16998 (Final Report)

The variable nature of renewable generation, which depends on the sun shining and wind blowing for example, presents challenges for adequate and least-cost resource planning. The deployment of renewable generation assets is anticipated to increase due to various drivers, such as declining costs, favorable government policies, and increasing procurement by corporations and consumers. High levels of renewable penetration are anticipated to pose flexibility, reliability, and cost challenges to the electrical system. The development and implementation of new features into performance modeling software, such as the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) System Advisor Model (SAM), is one way to help think through these challenges and develop appropriate strategies.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗