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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Determination of the Spin–Spin Coupling Constant in Hydrogen Deuteride HD and Estimates of the Manifestation of Axion-Like Particles

An experimental value of the spin–spin coupling constant in deuterated molecular hydrogen HD has been obtained, J{sub pd} = (43.112 ± 0.005) Hz (300 K), while investigating two gaseous samples at pressures of 95 and 155 atm. The experimental result does not coincide with Jpd = (43.31 ± 0.05) Hz that was calculated theoretically by Helkager et al. The observed discrepancy ΔJ{sub pd} ≈ (0.20 ± 0.05 Hz) may point to a manifestation of the involvement of light pseudo-scalar (axion-like) bosons with a mass m{sub a} ≈ 1 keV/c{sup 2} in the spin–spin coupling of the HD proton and deuteron.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

The KEDR detector

The KEDR detector is a universal magnetic detector designed for studying the c- and b-quarks and two-photon physics, and is employed at the VEPP-4M e{sup +} e{sup −} collider. A specific feature of the experiment is the measurement of absolute beam energy using two methods: the resonant depolarization and the faster but less precise Compton backscattering of laser photons. This allowed a large series of measurements to be performed, in which the accuracy of determination of such fundamental parameters of particles as mass and total and leptonic widths was improved.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Using Neutrinos as a Probe of the High-x{sub Bj} Region

Neutrino scattering experiments have been studying the DIS region, including high-x{sub Bj}, for over 40 years. From the Gargamelle experiments in the early 70's, through the subsequent bubble chamber and electronic detector experiments neutrino scattering experiments have steadily accumulated increasing statistics and minimized their systematic errors. Recent completed studies of high-x{sub Bj} with neutrinos are from the the NuTeV experiment off Fe in the TeVatron neutrino beam and both the CHORUS experiment off Pb and the NOMAD experiment off C/Al in the CERN neutrino beam. The significant factor here is that all recent high-statistics neutrino experiments have been off high-A nucleus targets. The unknown nuclear effects mask the high-x{sub Bj} behavior of the bare neutrino-nucleon interaction. In order to address this problem, current on-going studies have shifted to the Main Injector based NuMI facility at Fermilab and the MINER{nu}A experiment. This experiment is a collaboration of elementary-particle and nuclear physicists planning to measure absolute exclusive and inclusive cross-sections and nuclear effects in {nu}- A interactions as well as a systematic study of the resonance-DIS transition region and DIS with an emphasis on the extraction of high-xBj parton distribution functions. The MINER{nu}A experiment also plans to propose the use of a liquid hydrogen target to go after a measurement of d/u quarks at high-x{sub Bj}.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Baryon Properties from Continuum-QCD

We provide an inkling of recent progress in hadron physics made using QCD's Dyson-Schwinger equations, reviewing: the notion of in-hadron condensates and a putative solution of a gross problem with the cosmological constant; a symmetry-preserving computation that simultaneously correlates the masses of meson and baryon ground- and excited-states, and contributes to a resolution of the conundrum of the Roper resonance; and a prediction for the Q{sup 2}-dependence of u-and d-quark Dirac and Pauli form factors in the proton, which exposes the critical role played by diquark correlations within the nucleon.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Extended Chiral ({sigma},{pi},{omega}) Mean-Field Model with Vacuum Fluctuation Corrections

Density-dependent relations among saturation properties of symmetric nuclear matter and properties of hadronic stars are discussed by applying the conserving chiral nonlinear ({sigma},{pi},{omega}) mean-field theory. The chiral nonlinear ({sigma},{pi},{omega}) mean-field theory is an extension of the conserving nonlinear (nonchiral){sigma}-{omega} mean-field theory, which is thermodynamically consistent, relativistic and Lorentz-covariant. In the extended chiral ({sigma},{pi},{omega}) mean-field model, all the masses of hadrons are produced by the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, which is different from conventional chiral partner models. By comparing both nonchiral and chiral mean-field approximations, the effects of the chiral symmetry breaking mechanism on the mass of {sigma}-meson, coefficients of nonlinear interactions and Fermi-liquid properties are investigated in nuclear matter and neutron stars.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Quasi-elastic Neutrino Scattering - an Overview

A non-technical overview of charge current quasi-elastic neutrino interaction is presented. Many body computations of multinucleon ejection which is proposed to explain recent large axial mass measurements are discussed. A few comments on recent experimental results reported at NuInt11 workshop are included.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

An explicit SU(12) family and flavor unification model

An explicit SUSY SU(12) unification model with three light chiral families is presented which avoids any external flavor symmetries. The hierarchy of quark and lepton masses and mixings is explained by higher dimensional Yukawa interactions involving Higgs bosons containing SU(5) singlet fields with VEVs appearing at or below the SUSY GUT scale of 2 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 16} GeV, approximately 50 times smaller than the SU(12) unification scale. The model has been found to be in good agreement with the observed quark and lepton masses and mixings, with nearly all prefactors of {beta}(1) in the four Dirac and one Majorana fermion mass matrices.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Minimal SUSY SO(10) and Yukawa unification

The minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) SO(10) model, where only two Higgs multiplets {l_brace}10 Circled-Plus 126-bar{r_brace} are utilized for Yukawa couplings with matter fields, can nicely fit the neutrino oscillation parameters as well as charged fermion masses and mixing angles. In the fitting of the fermion mass matrix data, the largest element in the Yukawa coupling with the 126-bar -plet Higgs (Y{sup 126}) is found to be of order one, so that the right see-saw scale should be provided by Higgs vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of {beta}(10{sup 14}GeV). This fact causes a serious problem, namely, the gauge coupling unification is spoiled because of the presence of many exotic Higgs multiples emerging at the see-saw scale. In order to solve this problem, we consider a unification between bottom-quark and tau Yukawa couplings (b - {tau} Yukawa coupling unification) at the grand unified theory (GUT) scale, due to threshold corrections of superpartners to the Yukawa couplings at the 1 TeV scale. When the b - {tau} Yukawa coupling unification is very accurate, the largest element in Y{sub 126} can become {beta}(0.01), so that the right see-saw scale is realized by the GUT scale VEV and the usual gauge coupling unification is maintained. Since the b - {tau} Yukawa unification alters the Yukawa coupling data at the GUT scale, we re-analyze the fitting of the fermion mass matrix data by taking all the relevant free parameters into account. Unfortunately, we find that no parameter region shows up to give a nice fit for the current neutrino oscillation data and therefore, the usual picture of the gauge coupling unification cannot accommodate the fermion mass matrix data fitting in our procedure.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

A 130 GeV photon line from dark matter annihilation in the NMSSM

In the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, neutralino dark matter can annihilate into a pair of photons through the exchange of a CP-odd Higgs boson in the s-channel. The CP-odd Higgs boson couples to two photons through a loop of dominantly higgsino-like charginos. We show that the parameter space of the NMSSM can accommodate simultaneously i) neutralino-like dark matter of a mass of about 130 GeV giving rise to a 130 GeV photon line; ii) an annihilation cross section of or larger than 10{sup −27} cm{sup 3} s{sup −1}; iii) a relic density in agreement with WMAP constraints; iv) a direct detection cross section compatible with bounds from XENON100, and v) a Standard Model like Higgs mass of about 125 GeV. However, the CP-odd Higgs mass has to lie accidentally close to 260 GeV.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

On Wilson's theory of confinement

According to recent results, the Gell-Mann-Low function {beta}(g) of four-dimensional {phi}{sup 4} theory is nonalternating and has a linear asymptotics at infinity. According to the Bogoliubov and Shirkov classification, it means the possibility of constructing a continuous theory with finite interaction at large distances. This conclusion is in visible contradiction to the lattice results indicating triviality of {phi}{sup 4} theory. This contradiction is resolved by a special character of renormalizability in {phi}{sup 4} theory: to obtain the continuous renormalized theory, there is no need to eliminate a lattice from the bare theory. In fact, such kind of renormalizability is not accidental and can be understood in the framework of Wilson's many-parameter renormalization group. Application of these ideas to QCD shows that Wilson's theory of confinement is not purely illustrative, but has a direct relation to a real situation. As a result, the problem of analytical proof of confinement and a mass gap can be considered solved, at least on the physical level of rigor.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

On the discrimination of different mechanisms for 0{nu}2{beta} decay

Nuclear matrix elements (NME) for 0{nu}{beta}{beta} decay are calculated in four candidate nuclei ({sup 76}Ge, {sup 82}Se, {sup 100}Mo, {sup 130}Te) within the quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA) and its variants. We assume up to four coexisting mechanisms for 0{nu}2{beta} decay, mediated by light Majorana neutrino exchange ({nu}), heavy Majorana neutrino exchange (N), R-parity breaking supersymmetry (Re), and squark-neutrino (q-tilde), interfering either constructively or destructively with each other. With simple algebraic techniques we show that, by changing the NME within the QRPA variants, the relative contribution of each mechanism to the decay amplitude changes dramatically, even assuming accurate measurements of decay lifetimes. As a consequence, the considered 0{nu}{beta}{beta} mechanisms are nearly degenerate from a phenomenological viewpoint. We discuss implications of such degeneracy on prospective searches for absolute neutrino masses.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

GUT and supersymmetry at the LHC and in dark matter

Conventional SO(10) models involve more than one scale for a complete breaking of the GUT symmetry requiring further assumptions on the VEVs of the Higgs fields that enter in the breaking to achieve viable models. Recent works where the breaking can be accomplished at one scale are discussed. These include models with just a pair of 144+144 of Higgs fields. Further extensions of this idea utilizing 560+560 of Higgs representations allow both the breaking at one scale, as well as accomplish a natural doublet-triplet splitting via the missing partner mechanism. More generally, we discuss the connection of high scale models to low energy physics in the context of supergravity grand unification. Here we discuss a natural solution to the little hierarchy problem and also discuss the implications of the LHC data for supersymmetry. It is shown that the LHC data implies that most of the parameter space of supergravity models consistent with the data lie on the Hyperbolic Branch of radiative breaking of the electroweak symmetry and more specifically on the Focal Surface of the Hyperbolic Branch. A discussion is also given of the implications of recent LHC data on the Higgs boson mass for the discovery of supersymmetry and for the search for dark matter.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Supernova nucleosynthesis and the physics of neutrino oscillation

We studied the explosive nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae and found that several isotopes of rare elements like {sup 7}Li, {sup 11}B, {sup 138}La, {sup 180}Ta and others are predominantly produced by the neutrino interactions with several abundant nuclei. These isotopes are strongly affected by the neutrino flavor oscillation due to the MSW (Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein) effect. We here first study how to know the suitable average neutrino temperatures in order to explain the observed solar system abundances of these isotopes, combined with Galactic chemical evolution of the light nuclei and the heavy r-process elements. We then study the neutrino oscillation effects on their abundances, and propose a new novel method to determine the neutrino oscillation parameters, {theta}{sub 13} and mass hierarchy, simultaneously. There is recent evidence that some SiC X grains from the Murchison meteorite may contain supernova-produced neutrino-process {sup 11}B and {sup 7}Li encapsulated in the grains. Combining the recent experimental constraints on {theta}{sub 13}, we show that although the uncertainties are still large, our method hints at a marginal preference for an inverted neutrino mass hierarchy for the first time.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Phase transitions in quark matter under strong magnetic fields

In this work we use de SU(2) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model to study the chiral transition at finite temperature, chemical potential and magnetic field. We show how the magnetic field affects the location of the critical end-point in the phase diagram, the constituent quark masses and the spinodal lines concerning the first order transition.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

RENORM predictions of diffraction at LHC confirmed

The RENORM model predictions of diffractive, total, and total-inelastic cross sections at the LHC are confirmed by recent measurements. The predictions of several other available models are discussed, highlighting their differences from RENORM, mainly arising from the way rapidity gap formation, low- and high-mass diffraction, unitarization, and hadronization are implemented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Transition nucleon resonance electrocouplings from CLAS data on {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}p electroproduction off protons

Electrocouplings of excited proton states with masses less than 1.8 GeV were determined for the first time from the CLAS data on {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}p electroproduction at photon virtualities Q{sup 2}<1.5 GeV{sup 2}. Electrocouplings were obtained from a combined fit of all available observables within the framework of a phenomenological reaction model.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Exclusive {pi}{sup 0},{eta} electroproduction in the resonance region at high Q{sup 2}

We present preliminary results from {pi}{sup 0} and {eta} electroproduction data taken with CLAS at Jefferson Lab. These and other CLAS measurements, coupled with recent theoretical developments, will allow non-perturbative approaches to shed lights on the role of quarks and gluons in nuclei and address issues such as confinement and the non-zero quark mass in the chiral limit.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Spin Asymmetries on Nucleon Experiment at Jefferson Lab

The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment (SANE) of Jefferson Lab is a comprehensive measurement of double spin asymmetries of the proton for both parallel and almost perpendicular spin configurations of the proton spin and the electron beam polarization directions. The experiment will provide both spin structure functions, g{sub 2} and g{sub 1} and spin observable A{sub 2} and A{sub 1} of the proton over Q{sup 2} region from 2.5 to 6.5 GeV{sup 2}/c{sup 2} and Bjorken x region of 0.3 to 0.8. Using the polarized electron beam of Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and the polarized frozen NH{sub 3} target, the data were taken early 2009 in Hall C of Jefferson Lab. Scattered electrons from the inclusive reaction were detected by the Big Electron Telescope Array (BETA), a new non-magnetic detector with a large acceptance of 194 msr. The current analysis effort is focused on the proton spin structure functions g{sub 2} and g{sub 1}. Physics motivations with the experimental methods will be presented with an overview of the current status of the data analysis.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗