Technoeconomic analysis of thermoelectric power plant condensers with nonwetting surfaces
Not provided.
Energy & Fuels↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “PLANT”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Evidence for Plant-Conserved Region Mediated Trimeric CESAs in Plant Cellulose Synthase Complexes
Higher plants synthesize cellulose using membrane-bound, six-lobed cellulose synthase complexes, each lobe containing trimeric cellulose synthases (CESAs). Although molecular biology reports support heteromeric trimers composed of different isoforms, a homomeric trimer was reported for in vitro studies of the catalytic domain of CESA1 of Arabidopsis (AtCESA1CatD) and confirmed in cryoEM structures of full-length CESA8 and CESA7 of poplar and cotton, respectively. In both structures, a small portion of the plant-conserved region (P-CR) forms the only contacts between catalytic domains of the monomers. Here, we report inter-subunit lysine-crosslinks that localize to the small P-CR, negative-stain EM structure, and modeling data for homotrimers of AtCESA1CatD. Molecular dynamics simulations for AtCESA1CatD trimers based on the CESA8 cryoEM structure were stable and dependent upon a small set of residue contacts. The results suggest that homomeric CESA trimers may be important for the synthesis of primary and secondary cell walls and identify key residues for future mutagenic studies.
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
Doubly Fed Induction Generator in an Offshore Wind Power Plant Operated at Rated V/Hz: Preprint
This paper introduces the concept of constant Volt/Hz operation of offshore wind power plants. The deployment of offshore WPPs requires power transmission from the plant to the load center inland. Since this power transmission requires submarine cables, there is a need to use High-Voltage Direct Current transmission, which is economical for transmission distances longer than 50 kilometers. In theconcept presented here, the onshore substation is operated at 60 Hz synced with the grid, and the offshore substation is operated at variable frequency and voltage, thus allowing the WPP to be operated at constant Volt/Hz.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Utility-Scale Solar, 2023 Edition: Analysis of Empirical Plant-level Data from U.S. Ground-mounted PV, PV+battery, and CSP Plants (exceeding 5 MWAC)
Berkeley Labs "Utility-Scale Solar", 2023 Edition presents analysis of empirical plant-level data from the U.S. fleet of ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV), PV+battery, and concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) plants with capacities exceeding 5 MWAC. While focused on key developments in 2022, this report explores trends in deployment, technology, capital and operating costs, capacity factors, the levelized cost of solar energy (LCOE), power purchase agreement (PPA) prices, wholesale market value, and interconnection queue data.
analysis↗
Utility-Scale Solar, 2022 Edition: Analysis of Empirical Plant-level Data from U.S. Ground-mounted PV, PV+battery, and CSP Plants (exceeding 5 MWAC)
Berkeley Labs "Utility-Scale Solar", 2022 Edition presents analysis of empirical plant-level data from the U.S. fleet of ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV), PV+battery, and concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) plants with capacities exceeding 5 MWAC. While focused on key developments in 2021, this report explores trends in deployment, technology, capital and operating costs, capacity factors, the levelized cost of solar energy (LCOE), power purchase agreement (PPA) prices, wholesale market value, and interconnection queue data.
2022↗
Wind Plant Modeling and Simulation: The Amazing Interrelationships of Physics and Engineering in Wind Plant Design
Presentation given at AIAA SciTech that highlights the interrelationships between physics and engineering and wind plant design, and covers: the technology deployment status, drivers of success, computational capabilities, upstream and downstream of the turbine, power plant control, and grid connection and integration.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Increasing plant water stress and decreasing summer streamflow in response to a warmer and wetter climate in seasonally snow-covered forests
Not provided.
Environmental Sciences & Ecology↗
Plant community responses to stand-level nutrient fertilization in a secondary tropical dry forest
Not provided.
Environmental Sciences & Ecology↗
New prospects for PV powered water desalination plants: case studies in Saudi Arabia: New prospects for PV powered water desalination plants
Increased water demand and increased drought episodes in the Middle East and other regions necessitate an expansion in desalination projects and create a great market opportunity for photovoltaics (PV). PV-powered desalination has previously been regarded as not being a cost-competitive solution when compared with conventionally powered desalination; however, the decline in PV costs over the last few years has changed this outlook. Here, this article presents up-to-date performance and cost analysis of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination powered with PV connected to the Saudi Arabian grid. Reference cases include relatively small (i.e., producing 6550 m 3 water per day) and large (i.e., 190 000 m 3 /day) desalination plants using seawater at a salinity of 40 000 ppm. We used data from a King Abdullah University for Science and Technology presentation and Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables 2.81 Energy Modeling Software (HOMER Energy LLC) in tandem with Desalination Economic Evaluation Program 4.0 (International Atomic Energy Agency) desalination software to analyze the techno-economic feasibility of these plants. The first phase of our work entailed a comparison between dual-axis high concentration PV (CPV) equipped with triple junction III/V solar cells and CdTe PV-powered RO systems. The estimated levelized cost of electricity from CPV is 0.16/kWh dollars, whereas that from CdTe PV is $0.10/kWh dollars and 0.09/kWh dollars for fixed-tilt and one-axis tracking systems, respectively. These costs are higher than the price of diesel-based grid electricity in the region because diesel fuel is heavily subsidized in Saudi Arabia.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Engineering the cellulolytic extreme thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor bescii to reduce carboxylic acids to alcohols using plant biomass as the energy source
Abstract Caldicellulosiruptor bescii is the most thermophilic cellulolytic organism yet identified (Topt 78 °C). It grows on untreated plant biomass and has an established genetic system thereby making it a promising microbial platform for lignocellulose conversion to bio-products. Here, we investigated the ability of engineered C. bescii to generate alcohols from carboxylic acids. Expression of aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (aor from Pyrococcus furiosus) and alcohol dehydrogenase (adhA from Thermoanaerobacter sp. X514) enabled C. bescii to generate ethanol from crystalline cellulose and from biomass by reducing the acetate produced by fermentation. Deletion of lactate dehydrogenase in a strain expressing the AOR–Adh pathway increased ethanol production. Engineered strains also converted exogenously supplied organic acids (isobutyrate and n-caproate) to the corresponding alcohol (isobutanol and hexanol) using both crystalline cellulose and switchgrass as sources of reductant for alcohol production. This is the first instance of an acid to alcohol conversion pathway in a cellulolytic microbe.
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology↗
Impact of acidic pH on plant cell wall polysaccharide structure and dynamics: insights into the mechanism of acid growth in plants from solid-state NMR
Acidification of plant primary cell walls causes cell wall expansion and plant growth. To understand how acidic pH affects the molecular structure and dynamics of wall polysaccharides, we have now characterized and compared Arabidopsis thaliana primary cell walls in neutral (pH 6.8) and acidic (pH 4.0) conditions using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Quantitative 13C solid-state NMR spectra indicate that the pH 4.0 cell wall has neutral galacturonic acid residues in homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan (RG). 13C INEPT spectra, which selectively detect highly dynamic polymers, indicate that some of the HG and RG chains in the interfibrillar region have become more dynamic in the acidic wall compared to the neutral cell wall, whereas other chains have become more rigid. Consistent with this increased dynamic heterogeneity, C–H dipolar couplings and 2D 13C–13C correlation spectra indicate that some of the HG backbones are partially aggregated in the acidic cell wall. Moreover, 2D correlation spectra measured with long mixing times indicate that the acidic cell wall has weaker cellulose–pectin interactions, and water-polysaccharide 1H spin diffusion data show that cellulose microfibrils are better hydrated at low pH. Taken together, these results indicate a cascade of chemical and conformational changes of wall polysaccharides due to cell wall acidification. These changes start with neutralization of the pectic polysaccharides, which disrupts calcium crosslinking of HG, causes partial aggregation of the interfibrillar HG, weakens cellulose–pectin interactions, and increases the hydration of both cellulose microfibrils and matrix polysaccharides. These molecular-level structural and dynamical changes are expected to facilitate polysaccharide slippage, which underlies cell wall loosening and expansion, and may occur both independent of and as a consequence of protein-mediated wall loosening.
biofuels (including algae and biomass), bio-inspir↗
Setting and stiffening of cementitious components in Cast Stone waste form for disposal of secondary wastes from the Hanford waste treatment and immobilization plant
Cast Stone is a cementitious waste form, a viable option to immobilize secondary nuclear liquid wastes generated from the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant. However, no study has been performed to understand the flow and stiffening behavior, which is essential to ensure proper workability and is important to safety in a nuclear waste field-scale application. X-ray diffraction, rheology, and ultrasonic wave reflection methods were used to understand the specific phase formation and stiffening of Cast Stone. Our results showed a good correlation between rheological properties of the fresh mixture and phase formation in Cast Stone. Secondary gypsum formation was observed with low concentration simulants, and the formation of gypsum was suppressed in high concentration simulants. A threshold concentration for the drastic change in stiffening was found at 1.56 M Na concentration. It was found that the stiffening of Cast Stone was strongly dependent on the concentration of simulant. Highlights: • A combination of XRD, UWR, and rheology gives a better understanding of Cast Stone. • Stiffening of Cast Stone was strongly dependent on the concentration of simulant. • A drastic change in stiffening of Cast Stone was found at 1.56 M Na concentration.
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Control co-design of commercial building chiller plant using Bayesian optimization
Not Available
Bhattacharya, Arnab↗
Measurement-based investigation of inter- and intra-area effects of wind power plant integration
Not Available
Allen, Alicia J.↗