Sequential Oxygen Reduction and Adsorption for Carbon Dioxide Purification for Flue Gas Applications
Not provided.
Energy & Fuels↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “Off Gas”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Experimental Investigation and Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of a Novel Flash Ironmaking Process Based on Partial Combustion of Natural Gas in a Reactor
Not provided.
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering↗
Production of Gas-Phase Uranium Fluoroanions Via Solubilization of Uranium Oxides in the [1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium]{sup +}[F(HF){sub 2.3}]{sup −} Ionic Liquid
A new methodology for gas-phase uranium ion formation is described in which UO{sub 2} is dissolved in neat N-ethyl,N′-methylimidazolium fluorohydrogenate ionic liquid [EMIm{sup +}][F(HF){sub 2.3}{sup −}], yielding a blue-green solution. The solution was diluted with acetonitrile and then analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. UF{sub 6}{sup −} (a U(V) species) was observed at m/z = 352, and other than cluster ions derived from the ionic liquid, nothing else was observed. When the sample was analyzed using infusion desorption chemical ionization, UF{sub 6}{sup −} was the base peak, and it was accompanied by a less intense UF{sub 5}{sup −} that most likely was formed by elimination of a fluorine radical from UF{sub 6}{sup −}. Formation of UF{sub 6}{sup −} required dissolution of UO{sub 2} followed by or concurrent with oxidation of uranium from the + 4 to the + 5 state and finally formation of the fluorouranate. Dissolution of UO{sub 3} produced a bright yellow solution indicative of a U(VI) species; however, electrospray ionization did not produce abundant U-containing ions. The abundant UF{sub 6}{sup −} provides a vehicle for accurate measurement of uranium isotopic abundances free from interference from minor isotopes of other elements and a convenient ion synthesis route that is needed gas-phase structure and reactivity studies like infrared multiphoton dissociation and ion-molecule dissociation and condensation reactions. The reactive fluorohydrogenate ionic liquid may also enable conversion of uranium in oxidic matrices into uranium fluorides that slowly oxidize to uranyl fluoride under ambient conditions, liberating the metal for facile measurement of isotope ratios without extensive chemical separations. .
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Atomistic simulations of thermodynamic properties of Xe gas bubbles in U10Mo fuels
Not Available
Hu, Shenyang (ORCID:0000000271873082)↗
Friction consolidation of gas-atomized Fe−Si powders for soft magnetic applications
Soft magnetic materials are often limited in scalability due to conventional processes that do not retain beneficial microstructures, and their associated physical properties, during densification. In this work, friction consolidation (FC) has been studied to fabricate Fe−Si soft magnetic materials from gas-atomized powder precursors. Fe−Si powder is consolidated using variable pressure and tool rotation speed in an effort to evaluate this unique densification approach for potential improvements in magnetic properties. FC, due to the high shear deformation involved, is shown to result in uniform gradual grain structure refinement across the consolidated workpiece from the center nearest the tool to the edge. Magnetic properties along different orientations indicate little, if any, textural orientation in the refined grain structure. The effect of annealing on the magnetic properties is evaluated and shown to decrease coercivity. FC processing was able to retain the magnetization of the original gas-atomized powders but further process optimization is needed to reach the optimal coercivity for the soft magnetic materials applications. - Highlights: •Friction stir processing was utilized to consolidate Fe−Si soft magnetic powders. •The resultant microstructure and magnetic properties were correlated to the processing conditions. •Friction consolidation refined the grain size of the materials by ~ 40%. •Annealing successfully reduced the coercivity induced by the stress during processing. •The results shine light on the possible scaling up of nanostructured materials.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Ni(NiO)/single-walled carbon nanotubes composite: Synthesis of electro-deposition, gas sensing property for NO gas and density functional theory calculation
Graphical abstract: The Ni(NiO)/semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes composite collected from the cathode after electro-deposition shows a high sensitivity to low-concentration NO gas at room temperature (18 °C). Display Omitted Highlights: ► Ni(NiO) nanoparticles were deposited on semiconducting SWCNTs by electro-deposition. ► Ni(NiO)/semiconducting SWCNTs film shows a high sensitivity to NO gas at 18 °C. ►Theoretical calculation reveals electron transfer from SWCNTs to NO via Ni. -- Abstract: Single-walled carbon nanotubes which contains metallic SWCNTs (m-SWCNTs) and semiconducting SWCNTs (s-SWCNTs) have been obtained under electric arc discharge. Their separation can be effectively achieved by the electro-deposition method. The Ni(NiO)/s-SWCNTs composite was found on cathode where Ni was partially oxidized to NiO at ambient condition with Ni(NiO) nanoparticles deposited uniformly on the bundles of SWCNTs. These results were confirmed by Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–vis–NIR and TG characterizations. Furthermore, investigation of the gas sensing property of Ni(NiO)/s-SWCNTs composite film to NO gas at 18 °C demonstrated the sensitivity was approximately 5% at the concentration of 97 ppb. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to explore the sensing mechanism which suggested the adsorption of NO molecules onto the composite through N–Ni interaction as well as the proposition of electron transfer mechanisms from SWCNTs to NO via the Ni medium.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Chemiresistive Detection of Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Interrogation of Charge Transport in Cu[Ni(2,3-pyrazinedithiolate)[subscript 2]] by Gas Adsorption
Abstract not provided
Aubrey, Michael L.↗
Structure of nanoscale gas bubbles in metals
A usual way to estimate the amount of gas in a bubble inside a metal is to assume thermodynamic equilibrium, i.e., the gas pressure P equals the capillarity force 2γ/R, with γ the surface energy of the host material and R the bubble radius; under this condition there is no driving force for vacancies to be emitted or absorbed by the bubble. In contrast to the common assumption that pressure inside a gas or fluid bubble is constant, we show that at the nanoscale this picture is no longer valid. P and density can no longer be defined as global quantities determined by an equation of state (EOS), but they become functions of position because the bubble develops a core-shell structure. We focus on He in Fe and solve the problem using both continuum mechanics and empirical potentials to find a quantitative measure of this effect. We point to the need of redefining an EOS for nanoscale gas bubbles in metals, which can be obtained via an average pressure inside the bubble. The resulting EOS, which is now size dependent, gives pressures that differ by a factor of two or more from the original EOS for bubble diameters of 1 nm and below.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Slowing of Femtosecond Laser-Generated Nanoparticles in a Background Gas
The slowing of Pt nanoparticles in argon background gas was characterized by Rayleigh scattering imaging using a plume of nanoparticles generated by femtosecond laser through thin film ablation (fs-TTFA) of 20 nanometers-thick Pt films. The ablation was performed at threshold laser energy fluences for complete film removal to provide a well-defined plume consisting almost entirely of nanoparticles traveling with a narrow velocity distribution, providing a unique system to unambiguously characterize the slowing of nanoparticles during interaction with background gases. Nanoparticles of ~200 nm diameter were found to decelerate in background Ar gas with pressures less than 50 Torr in good agreement with a linear drag model in the Epstein regime. Based on this model, the stopping distance of small nanoparticles in the plume was predicted and tested by particle collection in an off-axis geometry, and size distribution analysis by transmission electron microscopy. These results permit a basis to interpret nanoparticle propagation through background gases in laser ablation plumes that contain mixed components.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
The effect of gradients at stagnation on K-shell x-ray line emission in high-current Ar gas-puff implosions
We report that argon gas puffs have produced 330 kJ ± 9% of x-ray radiation above 3 keV photon energy in fast z-pinch implosions, with remarkably reproducible K-shell spectra and power pulses. This reproducibility in x-ray production is particularly significant in light of the variations in instability evolution observed between experiments. Lastly, soft x-ray power measurements and K-shell line ratios from a time-resolved spectrum at peak x-ray power suggest that plasma gradients in these high-mass pinches may limit the K-shell radiating mass, K-shell power, and K-shell yield from high-current gas puffs.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
High-density carbon ablator ignition path with low-density gas-filled rugby hohlraum
A recent low gas-fill density (0.6 mg/cc 4 He) cylindrical hohlraum experiment on the National Ignition Facility has shown high laser-coupling efficiency (>96%), reduced phenomenological laser drive corrections, and improved high-density carbon capsule implosion symmetry [Jones et al., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 59(15), 66 (2014)]. In this Letter, an ignition design using a large rugby-shaped hohlraum [Amendt et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 112703 (2014)] for high energetics efficiency and symmetry control with the same low gas-fill density (0.6 mg/cc 4 He) is developed as a potentially robust platform for demonstrating thermonuclear burn. The companion high-density carbon capsule for this hohlraum design is driven by an adiabat-shaped [Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 9, 2277 (2002)] 4-shock drive profile for robust high gain (>10) 1-D ignition performance and large margin to 2-D perturbation growth.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
F-state quenching with CH{sub 4} for buffer-gas cooled {sup 171}Y b{sup +} frequency standard
We report that methane, CH{sub 4}, can be used as an efficient F-state quenching gas for trapped ytterbium ions. The quenching rate coefficient is measured to be (2.8 ± 0.3) × 10{sup 6} s{sup −1} Torr{sup −1}. For applications that use microwave hyperfine transitions of the ground-state {sup 171}Y b ions, the CH{sub 4} induced frequency shift coefficient and the decoherence rate coefficient are measured as δν/ν = (−3.6 ± 0.1) × 10{sup −6} Torr{sup −1} and 1/T{sub 2} = (1.5 ± 0.2) × 10{sup 5} s{sup −1} Torr{sup −1}. In our buffer-gas cooled {sup 171}Y b{sup +} microwave clock system, we find that only ≤10{sup −8} Torr of CH{sub 4} is required under normal operating conditions to efficiently clear the F-state and maintain ≥85% of trapped ions in the ground state with insignificant pressure shift and collisional decoherence of the clock resonance.
74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
Gas cluster ion beam assisted NiPt germano-silicide formation on SiGe
We report the formation of very uniform and smooth Ni(Pt)Si on epitaxially grown SiGe using Si gas cluster ion beam treatment after metal-rich silicide formation. The gas cluster ion implantation process was optimized to infuse Si into the metal-rich silicide layer and lowered the NiSi nucleation temperature significantly according to in situ X-ray diffraction measurements. This novel method which leads to more uniform films can also be used to control silicide depth in ultra-shallow junctions, especially for high Ge containing devices, where silicidation is problematic as it leads to much rougher interfaces.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Simultaneous, single-pulse, synchrotron x-ray imaging and diffraction under gas gun loading
We develop a mini gas gun system for simultaneous, single-pulse, x-ray diffraction and imaging under high strain-rate loading at the beamline 32-ID of the Advanced Photon Source. In order to increase the reciprocal space covered by a small-area detector, a conventional target chamber is split into two chambers: a narrowed measurement chamber and a relief chamber. The gas gun impact is synchronized with synchrotron x-ray pulses and high-speed cameras. Depending on a camera’s capability, multiframe imaging and diffraction can be achieved. The proof-of-principle experiments are performed on single-crystal sapphire. The diffraction spots and images during impact are analyzed to quantify lattice deformation and fracture; diffraction peak broadening is largely caused by fracture-induced strain inhomogeneity. Finally, our results demonstrate the potential of such multiscale measurements for revealing and understanding high strain-rate phenomena at dynamic extremes.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗