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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2019

The Concomitant Locomotion of the Microorganisms Inhabiting the Marine and Freshwater Niches of Antarctica's South Shetland Islands During the Summer

During the late summer, the author sailed to the Antarctic South Shetland Islands to survey the microorganisms living in marine (tidal pools) and freshwater (moss saturated with snow melt) environmental niches. Equipped with a microscope to take video of samples within hours of collection to capture a pristine condition, the authors found a dense and diverse ecology that included species with unique patterns of locomotion. Capturing the organism's movement expedited identification, but it also showed the dynamic way each organism's mobility fit together like a puzzle to create a complex ecosystem.

Snyder, Jessica E.↗
NASA NTRS2019

The Concomitant Locomotion of the Microorganisms Inhabiting the Marine and Freshwater Niches of Antarctica’s South Shetland Islands During the Summer

During the late summer, the author sailed to the Antarctic South Shetland Islands to survey the microorganisms living in marine (tidal pools) and freshwater (moss saturated with snow melt) environmental niches. Equipped with a microscope to take video of samples within hours of collection to capture a pristine condition, we found a dense and diverse ecology that included species with unique patterns of locomotion. The Ocean Tramp cruised for 12 days (beginning January 30, 2019) through 588 nautical miles 677 miles) of the South Shetland Islands, between -62.9 to -65.1 latitude and -60.5 to -64.1 longitude.

Snyder, Jessica E.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Survival of spacecraft-associated microorganisms under simulated Martian UV irradiation

Spore-forming microbes recovered from spacecraft surfaces and assembly facilities were exposed to simulated Martian UV irradiation. The effects of UVA (315 to 400 nm), UVA_B (280 to 400 nm), and the full UV spectrum (200 to 400 nm) on the survival of microorganisms were studied at UV intensities expected to strike the surfaces of Mars. Microbial species isolated from the surfaces of several spacecraft, including Mars Odyssey, X-2000 (avionics), and the International Space Station, and their assembly facilities were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Forty-three Bacillus spore lines were screened, and 19 isolates showed resistance to UVC irradiation (200 to 280 nm) after exposure to 1,000 J m_2 of UVC irradiation at 254 nm using a low-pressure mercury lamp. Spores of Bacillus species isolated from spacecraft-associated surfaces were more resistant than a standard dosimetric strain, Bacillus subtilis 168. In addition, the exposure time required for UVA_B irradiation to reduce the viable spore numbers by 90% was 35-fold longer than the exposure time required for the full UV spectrum to do this, confirming that UVC is the primary biocidal bandwidth. Among the Bacillus species tested, spores of a Bacillus pumilus strain showed the greatest resistance to all three UV bandwidths, as well as the total spectrum. The resistance to simulated Mars UV irradiation was strain specific; B. pumilus SAFR-032 exhibited greater resistance than all other strains tested. The isolation of organisms like B. pumilus SAFR-032 and the greater survival of this organism (sixfold) than of the standard dosimetric strains should be considered when the anitation capabilities of UV irradiation are determined.

Venkateswaran, Kasthuri↗
DOE OSTI2015

Method for sustaining microorganism culture in syngas fermentation process in decreased concentration or absence of various substrates

The present invention relates to methods for sustaining microorganism culture in a syngas fermentation reactor in decreased concentration or absence of various substrates comprising: adding carbon dioxide and optionally alcohol; maintaining free acetic acid concentrations; and performing the above mentioned steps within specified time.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Consolidated bioprocessing method using thermophilic microorganisms

The present invention is directed to a method of converting biomass to biofuel, and particularly to a consolidated bioprocessing method using a co-culture of thermophilic and extremely thermophilic microorganisms which collectively can ferment the hexose and pentose sugars produced by degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses at high substrate conversion rates. A culture medium therefor is also provided as well as use of the methods to produce and recover cellulosic ethanol.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Engineered microorganisms having resistance to ionic liquids

The present invention provides for a method of genetically modifying microorganisms to enhance resistance to ionic liquids, host cells genetically modified in accordance with the methods, and methods of using the host cells in a reaction comprising biomass that has been pretreated with ionic liquids.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Biofuel production by recombinant microorganisms

Provided herein are metabolically-modified microorganisms useful for producing biofuels. More specifically, provided herein are methods of producing high alcohols including isobutanol, 1-butanol, 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-phenylethanol from a suitable substrate.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Recombinant microorganisms having a methanol elongation cycle (MEC)

Provided are microorganisms that catalyze the synthesis of chemicals and biochemicals from a methanol, methane and/or formaldehyde. Also provided are methods of generating such organisms and methods of synthesizing chemicals and biochemicals using such organisms.

Liao, James C.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Metabolically engineered methanotrophic, phototrophic microorganisms

This disclosure relates to the engineering of phototrophic microorganisms for conversion of alkanes into higher-value products. Recombinant phototrophic organisms such as cyanobacteria can be engineered, optionally in a modular format, to express enzymes involved in converting methane to methanol, methanol to formaldehyde, formaldehyde to central metabolic pathway intermediates, and such intermediates to n-butanol.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Engineered microorganisms having resistance to ionic liquids

The present invention provides for a method of genetically modifying microorganisms to enhance resistance to ionic liquids using a yeast Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS), or a Salmonella MFS SmvA Pump or SmvR Regulator, a Small Multidrug Resistance Family (SMR), or Saccharomyces cerevisiae YDR090C, polypeptide, host cells genetically modified in accordance with the methods, and methods of using the host cells in a reaction comprising biomass that has been pretreated with ionic liquids.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Microorganism with knock-in at acetolactate decarboxylase gene locus

Provided herein is a genetically engineered microorganism comprising knock-in of DNA at an acetolactate decarboxylase gene locus. Replacement of the acetolactate decarboxylase gene with DNA encoding one or more native or nonnative enzymes confers certain advantages, including fermentation stability and increased production of native and nonnative products from gaseous substrates.

Leang, Ching↗
DOE OSTI2025

Microorganism with knock-in at acetolactate decarboxylase gene locus

Provided herein is a genetically engineered microorganism comprising knock-in of DNA at an acetolactate decarboxylase gene locus. Replacement of the acetolactate decarboxylase gene with DNA encoding one or more native or nonnative enzymes confers certain advantages, including fermentation stability and increased production of native and nonnative products from gaseous substrates.

Leang, Ching↗
DOE OSTI2015

Generation of high-value products by photosynthetic microorganisms: From sunlight to biofuels

In this paper, oxygenic photosynthesis is the singular important chemical process providing the energy source for almost all life on earth. It harnesses and stores sun energy in forms of high-energy intermediates, such as low potential electrons and ATP, used as energy sources primarily for the fixation of carbon from atmosphere into carbohydrates. The latter compounds supply carbon and energy to multiple anabolic processes associated with cell growth and division.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Microbial metaproteomics: Identifying the repertoire of proteins that microorganisms use to compete and cooperate in complex environmental communities

The availability of genome information for microbial consortia, including unculturable species, from environmental samples has enabled systems-biology interrogation by providing a means to access genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic information. This provides a unique opportunity to characterize the molecular activities and interactions of these microbial systems at a comprehensive level never before possible. Such information not only provides details about the organizational, functional, and metabolic activities of such systems, but also the untapped reserve of molecular activities that might be invoked and exploited under certain environmental conditions. Since bacteria naturally exist in complex ecosystems, it is imperative to develop and utilize analytical approaches that can provide molecular level details on systems consisting of mixed microbial membership. This is the realm of metaproteomics - the characterization of the complement of proteins expressed by a microbial community in an environmental sample

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1962

RESEARCH TO DETERMINE THE EXISTENCE AND IDENTITY OF VIABLE MICROORGANISMS IN THE STRATOSPHERE.

During January, February, and March significant progress was made in our attempt to conduct a microbiological exploration of the atmosphere. The microbiological, engineering, meteorological, and statistical problems relative to this exploration were defined, and many preliminary laboratory studies completed, An integrated approach to the study was agreed upon and a schedule outlined. According to this schedule, the first flight will be made during July and the second probe will be attempted in October.

VIABILITY↗