Brown fat - Regulatory function and control
Brown fat thermoregulatory function and physiological control in mammals, discussing heat production and biochemical stimulation
Smith, R. E. M.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Comments on cross-adaptation
Cross adaptation criteria and modifications in physiologic and biochemical processes in man and mammals, demonstrating positive cross acclimation between hypertension and hypoxia exposure
Fregly, M. J.↗
Sleep of unrestrained chimpanzee - Cortical and subcortical recordings
Unrestrained chimpanzees cortical and subcortical electrical activity during sleep recorded by telemetry and compared with human beings and other mammals
Adey, W. R.↗
Introduction to a Biological Systems Science
Biological systems analysis and biodynamic modelling of physiological and biological interrelationships in human body and mammals
Bloch, E.↗
Some comments on control of the microvascular system
Dynamic model for microvascular system control of mammal body kinematics
Source record↗
Plans for orbital study of rat biorhythms - Results of interest beyond the biosatellite program
Long term zero gravity effects on mammal physiologic rhythms characteristics, studying rats in biosatellite orbits
Halberg, F.↗
Neurophysiological findings relevant to echolocation in marine animals
A review of echolocation mechanisms in marine mammals, chiefly porpoises, is given. Data cover peripheral auditory and central neurophysiological specializations favorable to the analysis of echolocating clicks and their echoes. Conclusions show (1) signals are received from 50 up to at least 135 kHz, (2) sound is received through the mandible skin, and (3) the midbrain sites are insensitive to low frequencies (below 6 kHz).
Bullock, T. H.↗
RBE for late somatic effects in mice irradiated with 60 MeV protons relative to X-rays.
Investigation of the relative biological effectiveness of energetic protons for the induction of somatic effects in a mammal (mice) following whole body irradiation. The proton energy used approximates the mean energy for proton spectra accompanying solar events. The effects on longevity and the incidence of major neoplastic diseases are summarized. The results obtained suggest that medium energy proton irradiation is no more effective, and on the whole, probably less effective, than conventional X radiation for the induction of late radiation effects in the mouse.
Darden, E. B., Jr.↗
Airway structure and alveolar emptying in the lungs of sea lions and dogs.
Investigation of the effects of various cycles of compression and decompression on the alveolar volumes of the excised lungs of sea lions and dogs. The results obtained include the finding that, in comparison to dog lungs, sea lion lungs empty more completely on mild compression and much more completely on severe compression. These findings support Scholander's (1940) hypothesis that some marine mammals are protected from decompression sickness by cartilaginous reinforcement of the small airways which permits alveolar emptying during a dive, so isolating compressed gas from pulmonary capillary blood.
Denison, D. M.↗
Sea ice and surface water circulation, Alaskan Continental Shelf
The author has identified the following significant results. The boundaries of land-fast ice, distribution of pack ice, and major polynya were studied in the vicinity of the Bering Strait. Movement of pack ice during 24 hours was determined by plotting the distinctly identifiable ice floes on ERTS-1 imagery obtained from two consecutive passes. Considerably large shallow area along the western Seward Peninsula just north of the Bering Strait is covered by land fast ice. This ice hinders the movement of ice formed in eastern Chukchi Sea southward through the Bering Strait. The movement of ice along the Russian coast is relatively faster. Plotting of some of the ice floes indicated movement of ice in excess of 30 km in and south of the Bering Strait between 6 and 7 March, 1973. North of the Bering Strait the movement approached 18 km. The movement of ice observed during March 6 and 7 considerably altered the distribution and extent of polynya. These features when continually plotted should be of considerable aid in navigation of ice breakers. The movement of ice will also help delineate the migration and distribution of sea mammals.
Wright, F. F.↗
Radioprotection in depressed metabolic states: The physiology of helium-cold hypothermia
The use of hypothermia as a means of radiation protection was studied on a variety of mammals exposed to 80% helium-20% oxygen atmospheres at low ambient temperatures. Results show that the LD for normothermic animals significantly increased compared with hypothermic animals; similar results were obtained for hibernating mammalians. Pre-exposure of animals to cold temperatures increased their ability to withstand radiation levels close to LD sub 50.
Musacchia, X. J.↗
Research on the properties of circadian systems amenable to study in space
Three areas of inquiry are reported for the Skylab Experiment S-071 whose objective was to study the circadian system of a mammal during space flight. The thermoregulatory behavior of the Perognathus longimembris, or little pocket mouse, was studied under conditions of constant dark and constant temperature in the prolonged weightless environment of Skylab. The following specific questions were studied: (1) the effects of weightlessness on circadian periodicity in the little pocket mouse; (2) stability of the free-running circadian period of body temperature of the little pocket mouse exposed to simulated launch stress; and (3) characteristics of the circadian rhythm of body temperature in the little pocket mouse. Diagrams of the electronic circuitry and hardware used in the experiment are shown and results are given in both graphical and tabular form. The methods used in the experiment are fully documented, along with conclusions and recommendations for future research.
Lindberg, R. G.↗
Gravitational considerations with animal rhythms
As established in the laboratory and largely confirmed by others, simulated high-g environments influence growth and development of animals as small as or smaller than baby turtles, sometimes accelerating and sometimes decelerating these processes. High-g environments result in many functional changes or adjustments in feeding, metabolism, circulation, fluid balances, and structures for support, and influence life expectancy. An assembly of equipment suitable for measuring oxygen consumption of small mammals as influenced by chronic centrifugation and/or by day-night rhythms is discussed.
Wunder, C. C.↗
Environmental surveys in Alaska based upon ERTS data
Alaskan applications of ERTS data are summarized. Areas discussed are: (1) land use; (2) archaeology; (3) vegetation mapping; (4) ice reporting and mapping; (5) permafrost; (6) mineral and oil exploration; (7) geological surveys; (8) seismology; (9) geological faults and structures; (10) hydrology and water resources; (11) glaciology; (12) water circulation in Cook Inlet; and (13) fish and mammal populations.
Miller, J. M.↗
Microbiological and experimental-histological investigations of lunar samples returned by the Lunar 16 automatic station
Lunar surface material was studied for its content of viable microorganisms (aerobic and anaerobic, fungi, and viruses); the effect of the lunar surface material on the growth of microorganisms and its interaction with somatic cells of mammals was also observed. No viable microorganisms were detected; the samples exhibited neither stimulant or inhibitory action on the growth of microorganisms, and also showed no cytopathogenic action on tissue cultures. A suspension of lunar surface material particles was not toxic when parenterally administered to certain laboratory animals. The particles were subjected to intense phagocytosis by connective tissue cells in vivo and in vitro.
Kaulen, D. R.↗
Radiobiological effects of heavy ions and protons
Radiobiological effects of heavy ions and protons are studied on cells of mammals, bacteria, viruses and DNA of bacteria. Results show that the dose effect dependence bears an exponential character; the reduction of RBE as LET of particle increases reflects the different character of microdistribution of absorbed energy in biological objects with different levels of biological organization.
Ryzhov, N. I.↗
A summary of ERTS data applications in Alaska
ERTS has proven to be an exceedingly useful tool for the preparation of urgently needed resource surveys in Alaska. For this reason the wide utilization of ERTS data by federal, state and industrial agencies in Alaska is increasingly directed toward the solution of operational problems in resource inventories, environmental surveys, and land use planning. Examples of some applications are discussed in connection with surveys of potential agricultural lands; mapping of predicted archaeological sites; permafrost terrain and aufeis mapping; snow melt enhancement from Prudhoe Bay roads; geologic interpretations correlated ith possible new petroleum fields, with earthquake activity, and with plate tectonic motion along the Denali fault system; hydrology in monitoring surging glaciers and the break-up characteristics of the Chena River watershed; sea-ice morphology correlated with marine mammal distribution; and coastal sediment plume circulation patterns.
Miller, J. M.↗
Temperature responses to infusion of electrolytes during exercise
Past studies on the influence of various metal ions on heat regulation in mammals are reviewed, and results of a study on the effect of Na and citrate in isotonic and hypertonic concentrations on temperature elevation during exercise in dogs are presented. Hypertonic administration of Na before or during treadmill running and dosis of citrate during treadmill running significantly raised core temperature over controls and isotonic cases. Thus the higher the plasma Na-osmotic concentration, the greater the inhibition of heat dissipation.
Greenleaf, J. E.↗