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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Co-benefits of subnationally differentiated carbon pricing policies in China: Alleviation of heavy PM 2.5 pollution and improvement in environmental equity

Carbon policies differentiated according to regional disparities have been recognized and recommended. However, the air quality co-benefits of differentiated policies remain unclear. Here we combine a multi-regional dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and an extend response surface model (ERSM) to investigate the impact of nationally uniform and subnationally differentiated carbon pricing policies on fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentrations in China. All policies examined lead to the same accumulated national CO 2 emissions (2020–2050), with the 2030 emissions attaining China's national abatement target. We find that, when subnational policies differentiated according to provincial PM 2.5 concentrations are implemented, the higher-than-average carbon price over more polluted provinces results in twice as much reduction in CO 2 and air pollutant emissions in 2050 as the national policy. As a result, the subnational policies cause larger PM 2.5 concentration reductions in these provinces (9%–18%) than the national policy (7%–11%). Also, the subnational policies eliminate high PM 2.5 exposure of over 45 μg/m 3 which 12% people suffer from under the national policy. Overall, the subnational policies substantially reduce regional disparity in PM 2.5 pollution and hence improve environmental equity. The results suggest that subnationally differentiated carbon policies are a promising instrument to mitigate severe pollution and promote environmental equity.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Size-dependent characteristics of ultra-fine oxygen-enriched nanoparticles in austenitic steels

Here, a coordinated investigation of the elemental composition and morphology of ultra-fine-scale nanoparticles as a function of size within a variety of austenitic oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels is reported. Atom probe tomography was utilized to evaluate the elemental composition of these nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the crystal structures and orientation relationships were determined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The nanoparticles with sufficient size (>4 nm) to maintain a Y2Ti2-xO7-2x stoichiometry were found to have a pyrochlore structure, whereas smaller YxTiyOz nanoparticles lacked a well-defined structure. The size-dependent characteristics of the nanoparticles in austenitic ODS steels differ from those in ferritic/martensitic ODS steels.

atom probe tomography↗
DOE OSTI2018

Interfacial design and strengthening mechanisms of AZ91 alloy reinforced with in-situ reduced graphene oxide

Highlights: • An in-situ process was developed to synthesize magnesium alloy composite reinforced by graphene. • Microstructure and phase composition of oxide films were investigated by OM, SEM, EDS and XRD analysis. • The interfacial structure of Mg composites reinforced with reduced graphene oxide was characterized. • The interfacial reaction mechanisms between GO (graphene oxide) and the Mg metal was studied. - Abstract: This work highlights to develop an in-situ process to disperse uniformly graphene possessing good interfacial bonds with the matrix of Mg alloy. A homogeneous distribution of graphene in the matrix has been successfully obtained through in-situ reduction of graphene oxide (RGO) by sintering process after the graphene oxide (GO) was uniformly dispersed in AZ91 powders. The interface product nano-sized MgO can significantly improve the interfacial bonding strength between RGO and α-Mg with analysis by transmission electron microscopy. The orientation relationships of ( 2-bar 00){sub MgO}//( 1-bar 10 2-bar ){sub α‐Mg} and [011]{sub MgO}//[2 4-bar 2 3-bar ]{sub α‐Mg} with the semi-coherent interface characteristics were clarified for the first time at the interface of MgO/α-Mg, suggesting a good lattice space matching. By employing such process, a composite containing 0.5 wt% of GO shows an 85.7% and 61.4% increase in yield strength and elongation, respectively, over unreinforced AZ91 alloy. The underlying strengthening mechanisms of in-situ reduced graphene oxide are discussed in detail.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗