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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

GeantV: From CPU to accelerators

The GeantV project aims to research and develop the next-generation simulation software describing the passage of particles through matter. While the modern CPU architectures are being targeted first, resources such as GPGPU, Intel© Xeon Phi, Atom or ARM cannot be ignored anymore by HEP CPU-bound applications. The proof of concept GeantV prototype has been mainly engineered for CPU's having vector units but we have foreseen from early stages a bridge to arbitrary accelerators. A software layer consisting of architecture/technology specific backends supports currently this concept. This approach allows to abstract out the basic types such as scalar/vector but also to formalize generic computation kernels using transparently library or device specific constructs based on Vc, CUDA, Cilk+ or Intel intrinsics. While the main goal of this approach is portable performance, as a bonus, it comes with the insulation of the core application and algorithms from the technology layer. This allows our application to be long term maintainable and versatile to changes at the backend side. The paper presents the first results of basket-based GeantV geometry navigation on the Intel© Xeon Phi KNC architecture. We present the scalability and vectorization study, conducted using Intel performance tools, as well as our preliminary conclusions on the use of accelerators for GeantV transport. Lastly, we also describe the current work and preliminary results for using the GeantV transport kernel on GPUs.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

The MINER$\nu$A Data Acquisition System and Infrastructure

MINERvA (Main INjector ExpeRiment v-A) is a new few-GeV neutrino cross-section experiment that began taking data in the FNAL NuMI (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Neutrinos at the Main Injector) beam-line in March of 2010. MINERvA employs a fine-grained scintillator detector capable of complete kinematic characterization of neutrino interactions. This paper describes the MINERvA data acquisition system (DAQ) including the readout electronics, software, and computing architecture.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

ROOT’s RNTuple I/O Subsystem: The Path to Production

The RNTuple I/O subsystem is ROOT’s future event data file format and access API. It is driven by the expected data volume increase at upcoming HEP experiments, e.g. at the HL-LHC, and recent opportunities in the storage hardware and software landscape such as NVMe drives and distributed object stores. RNTuple is a redesign of the TTree binary format and API and has shown to deliver substantially faster data throughput and better data compression both compared to TTree and to industry standard formats. In order to let HENP computing workflows benefit from RNTuple’s superior performance, however, the I/O stack needs to connect efficiently to the rest of the ecosystem, from grid storage to (distributed) analysis frameworks to (multithreaded) experiment frameworks for reconstruction and ntuple derivation. With the RNTuple binary format soon arriving at its first production release, we present RNTuple’s feature set, integration efforts, and its performance impact on the time-to-solution. We show the latest performance figures of RDataFrame analysis code of realistic complexity, comparing RNTuple and TTree as data sources. We discuss RNTuple’s approach to functionality critical to the HENP I/O (such as multithreaded writes, fast data merging, schema evolution) and we provide an outlook on the road to its use in production.

Blomer, Jakob↗
DOE OSTI2011

B Decay and CP Violation: CKM Angles and Sides at the BABAR and BELLE B-Factories

A remarkable success has been achieved by the B-Factories, going beyond expectation in some field, like the measurement of {gamma}. BABAR has now finished its data taking, leaving BELLE alone in the 'race', but still many analyses are going on. The CKM UT is constrained by both measurements of CP-conserving and CP-violating quantities, leading to a picture of the CKM sector consistent with the SM. Measurements of semi-leptonic decays benefit from improving experimental techniques and more precise theoretical computations. The angle {beta} is a precision measurement, reaching accuracy of SM calculation. The angle {alpha} will ultimatly be limited by penguin pollution. The measurement of {gamma} is reaching the 13{sup o} precision.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2010

Ultraviolet Behavior of N = 8 supergravity

In these lectures the author describes the remarkable ultraviolet behavior of N = 8 supergravity, which through four loops is no worse than that of N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory (a finite theory). I also explain the computational tools that allow multi-loop amplitudes to be evaluated in this theory - the KLT relations and the unitarity method - and sketch how ultraviolet divergences are extracted from the amplitudes.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Feasibility of using crystal channeling for the beam loss mitigation in Slow Extraction at 8GeV

The mitigation of the beam losses in slow extraction is becoming more and more demanding in accelerator applications for HEP as the beam power is gradually increasing. The successful demonstration of using the proton beam channeling at 450GeV to deflect the beam away from the extraction septa opens the new levels of improving the slow extraction efficiency. It is yet to be demonstrated that this method is still effective at low and medium proton beam energies. Here we present the promising results of the recent computer simulation studies of the septum shadowing at 8GeV for the Mu2e project slow extraction at Fermilab. Depending on the beam parameters the beam loss reduction is shown to be achievable in the range of 1/3 to factor of 3.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Simplifying Multi-Jet QCD Computation

These lectures give a pedagogical discussion of the computation of QCD tree amplitudes for collider physics. The tools reviewed are spinor products, color ordering, MHV amplitudes, and the Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten recursion formula.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Proposal for the development of 3D Vertically Integrated Pattern Recognition Associative Memory (VIPRAM)

Future particle physics experiments looking for rare processes will have no choice but to address the demanding challenges of fast pattern recognition in triggering as detector hit density becomes significantly higher due to the high luminosity required to produce the rare process. The authors propose to develop a 3D Vertically Integrated Pattern Recognition Associative Memory (VIPRAM) chip for HEP applications, to advance the state-of-the-art for pattern recognition and track reconstruction for fast triggering.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nearly Supersymmetric Dark Atoms

Theories of dark matter that support bound states are an intriguing possibility for the identity of the missing mass of the Universe. This article proposes a class of models of supersymmetric composite dark matter where the interactions with the Standard Model communicate supersymmetry breaking to the dark sector. In these models supersymmetry breaking can be treated as a perturbation on the spectrum of bound states. Using a general formalism, the spectrum with leading supersymmetry effects is computed without specifying the details of the binding dynamics. The interactions of the composite states with the Standard Model are computed and several benchmark models are described. General features of non-relativistic supersymmetric bound states are emphasized.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Efficient Message Serialization for Inter-Service Communication in dCache [Slides]

About dCache: A distributed petabyte-scale storage system for scientific data. Joint effort between DESY(2000), FNAL(2001) and NDGF(2006). Supports standard and HEP specific access protocols and authentication mechanisms. Developed for HERA and Tevatron, used for LHC and others: Belle II, LOFAR, CTA, IceCUBE, EU-XFEL, Petra3, DUNE, and many more.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Celeritas R&D Report: Accelerating Geant4

Celeritas is a new Monte Carlo (MC) detector simulation code designed for computationally intensive applications on high-performance heterogeneous architectures. In the past two years Celeritas has advanced from prototyping a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-based single physics model in infinite medium to implementing a full set of electromagnetic (EM) physics processes in complex geometries. The current release of Celeritas, version 0.4, has incorporated full device-based navigation, an event loop in the presence of magnetic fields, and detector hit scoring. New functionality incorporates a scheduler to offload electromagnetic physics to the GPU within a Geant4-driven simulation, enabling straightforward integration of Celeritas into the high energy physics (HEP) experimental frameworks CMSSW and ATLAS FullSimLight. On the Perlmutter supercomputer, Celeritas performs EM physics between 3× and 18× faster using the machine’s Nvidia GPUs compared to using only CPUs, corresponding to an electrical power efficiency up to a factor of 5. When running a multithreaded Geant4 ATLAS test beam application with full hadronic physics, using Celeritas to accelerate the EM physics results in an overall simulation speedup of 1.7–2.2× on GPU and 1.2× on CPU. In a CMS test application using tt¯ events and the prototype Run 4 configuration, compared to Geant4 CPU, Celeritas with a Nvidia A100 improves overall throughput up to a factor of 2.7× but cannot be efficiently shared with more than 8 cores.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

UPR/Mayaguez High Energy Physics

This year the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez (UPRM) High Energy Physics (HEP) group continued with the ongoing research program outlined in the grant proposal. The program is centered on the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the proton-proton (pp) collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. The main research focus is on data analysis and on the preparation for the High Luminosity (HL) LHC or experiment detector upgrade. The physics data analysis included Higgs Doublet Search and measurement of the (1) Λ 0 b branching fraction, (2) B meson mass, and (3) hyperon θ - b lifetime. The detector upgrade included work on the preparations for the Forward Pixel (FPIX) detector Silicon Sensor Testing in a production run at Fermilab. In addition, the group has taken responsibilities on the Software Release through our former research associate Dr. Eric Brownson who acted until last December as a Level Two Offline Manager for the CMS Upgrade. In support of the CMS data analysis activities carried out locally, the UPRM group has built and maintains an excellent Tier3 analysis center in Mayaguez. This allowed us to analyze large data samples and to continue the development of algorithms for the upgrade tracking robustness we started several years ago, and we plan to resume in the near future. This project involves computer simulation of the radiation damage to be suffered at the higher luminosities of the upgraded LHC. This year we continued to serve as a source of outstanding students for the field of high energy physics. Three of our graduate students finished their MS work in May, 2014, Their theses research were on data analysis of heavy quark b-physics. All of them are currently enrolled at Ph.D. physics program across the nation. One of them (Hector Moreno) at New Mexico University (Hector Moreno), one at University of New Hampshire (Sandra Santiesteban) and one at University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras (Carlos Malca). The students H. Moreno and C. Malca has been directly supervised by Dr. Mendez and S. Santiesteban supervised by Dr. Ramirez. During the last 13 years, our group have graduated 23 MS students on experimental High Energy Physics data analysis and applied hardware techniques. Most of the students have been supported by DOE grants, included this grant. Since 2001, Dr. Mendez have directly supervised eleven students, Dr. Ramirez three students and the former PI (Dr. Lopez) nine students. These theses work are fully documented in the group web page (http://charma.uprm.edu). The High Energy Physics group at Mayaguez is small and presently consists of three Physics faculty members, the Senior Investigators Dr. Hector Mendez (Professor) and Dr. Juan Eduardo Ramirez (Professor), and Dr. Sudhir Malik who was just hired in July 2014. Dr. Ramirez is in charge of the UPRM Tier-3 computing and will be building the network bandwidth infrastructure for the campus, while Dr. Mendez will continues his effort in finishing the heavy quark physics data analysis and moving to work on SUSY analysis for the 2015 data. Our last grant application in 2012 was awarded only for 2013-2014. As a result our postdoc position was lost last month of March. Since then, we have hired Dr. Malik as a new faculty in order to reinforce the group and to continue our efforts with the CMS experiment. Our plan is to hire another junior faculty in the next two years to strengthen the HEP group even further. Dr. Mendez continues with QuarkNet activities involving an ever larger group of high school physics teachers from all around Puerto Rico.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Identifying gaps in grid middleware on fast networks with the advanced networking initiative

As of 2012, a number of US Department of Energy (DOE) National Laboratories have access to a 100 Gb/s wide-area network backbone. The ESnet Advanced Networking Initiative (ANI) project is intended to develop a prototype network, based on emerging 100 Gb/s Ethernet technology. The ANI network will support DOE's science research programs. A 100 Gb/s network test bed is a key component of the ANI project. The test bed offers the opportunity for early evaluation of 100Gb/s network infrastructure for supporting the high impact data movement typical of science collaborations and experiments. In order to make effective use of this advanced infrastructure, the applications and middleware currently used by the distributed computing systems of large-scale science need to be adapted and tested within the new environment, with gaps in functionality identified and corrected. As a user of the ANI test bed, Fermilab aims to study the issues related to end-to-end integration and use of 100 Gb/s networks for the event simulation and analysis applications of physics experiments. In this paper we discuss our findings from evaluating existing HEP Physics middleware and application components, including GridFTP, Globus Online, etc. in the high-speed environment. These will include possible recommendations to the system administrators, application and middleware developers on changes that would make production use of the 100 Gb/s networks, including data storage, caching and wide area access.

Dykstra, Dave↗
DOE OSTI2019

Towards an Intelligent Data Delivery Service

The ATLAS Event Streaming Service (ESS) at the LHC is an approach to preprocess and deliver data for Event Service (ES) that has implemented a fine-grained approach for ATLAS event processing. The ESS allows one to asynchronously deliver only the input events required by ES processing, with the aim to decrease data traffic over WAN and improve overall data processing throughput. A prototype of ESS was developed to deliver streaming events to fine-grained ES jobs. Based on it, an intelligent Data Delivery Service (iDDS) is under development to decouple the "cold format" and the processing format of the data, which also opens the opportunity to include the production systems of other HEP experiments. Here we will at first present the ESS model view and its motivations for iDDS system. Then we will also present the iDDS schema, architecture and the applications of iDDS.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Processing Contexts for Experimental HEP Data

This document provides, for those not closely associated with the experimental High Energy Physics (HEP) community, an introduction to data input and output requirements for a variety of data processing tasks. Examples in it are drawn from the art event processing framework, and from experiments and projects using art, most notably the LArSoft and NuTools projects.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

GeantV alpha release

In the fall 2016, GeantV went through a thorough community evaluation of the project status and of its strategy for sharing the R&D results with the LHC experiments and with the HEP simulation community in general. Following this discussion, GeantV has engaged onto an ambitious 2-year road-path aiming to deliver a beta version that has most of the final design and several performance features of the final product, partially integrated with some of the experiment’s frameworks. The initial GeantV prototype has been updated to a vector-aware concurrent framework, which is able to deliver high-density floating-point computations for most of the performance-critical components such as propagation in field and physics models. Electromagnetic physics models were adapted for the specific GeantV requirements, aiming for the full demonstration of shower physics performance in the alpha release at the end of 2017. We have revisited and formalized GeantV user interfaces and helper protocols, allowing to: connect to user code, provide recipes to access efficiently MC truth and generate user data in a concurrent environment.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Application of the Geant4 Simulation Toolkit to Medical Physics - Paper 65

We show how the Geant4 Simulation Toolkit, originally developed for High Energy Physics, has been applied to a wide variety of challenging applications in medical physics. As the authors are mainly responsible for providing assistance to Geant4 users in North America, they draw on examples from the North American experience, but the conclusions can be generalized to the Geant4 medical user community worldwide. Geant4 is already heavily used in all areas of medical physics, from external beam therapy to brachytherapy to interventional nuclear medicine and medical imaging. As the complexity of medical physics studies continues to increase, requiring greater accuracy of modeling, and an increase in 4D capabilities (component motion and time-varying electric and magnetic fields), Geant4 use will only expand. The openness of the HEP community (keeping Geant4 well supported, open and free) is greatly appreciated by the medical and aerospace communities. The democratic nature of Geant4's governance (that decision-making rests with a technical steering board elected by the collaborators) has given outside communities the confidence to invest their energies in Geant4 (shown them that it is worth the time investment to become expert users). Geant4's latest key area of focus, moving to multithreaded operation, is seen as a huge boon to the medical users (where precision simulations often require billions of primary particles). Another recent key area of Geant4, increasing automated systems for unit and end-to-end testing, is also seen as extremely valuable to these non-HEP communities. Innovations from HEP and aerospace will benefit medical applications, and vice versa. Geant4 can expect increasing resources to be provided by the medical physics community, pooling resources to the benefit of all users. (authors)

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗