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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Multiphysics simulation of supercritical CO 2 gasification for hydrogen production

A bench-scale supercritical CO 2 gasifier is being considered by the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). A reacting computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed using ANSYS/Fluent in order to investigate the impact of various operating parameters on syngas composition. The model was validated using available data in the literature. Simulations were conducted over a range of coal-slurry loadings, reaction temperatures, system pressures, and oxygen mass flowrates with the goal of optimizing hydrogen production for the considered reactor. The results from the simulations identified a positive correlation between slurry loading and hydrogen production, while reactor temperature and pressure had a limited impact on H 2 production at the conditions of interest. Additionally, the simulations indicated that oxygen mass flowrate has less of an impact on hydrogen production at higher slurry loadings.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2014

Research and development to prepare and characterize robust coal/biomass mixtures for direct co-feeding into gasification systems

This project was initiated on October 1, 2010 and utilizes equipment and research supported by the Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, under Award Number DE- FE0005349. It is also based upon previous work supported by the Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, under Award Numbers DOE-DE-FG36-01GOl1082, DE-FG36-02G012011 or DE-EE0000272. The overall goal of the work performed was to demonstrate and assess the economic viability of fast hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for transforming lignocellulosic biomass into a densified, friable fuel to gasify like coal that can be easily blended with ground coal and coal fines and then be formed into robust, weather-resistant pellets and briquettes.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2014

Biomass Gasification Research and Development Project

The overall objective of the BioChemCat project was to demonstrate the feasibility of using Advanced Wet Oxidation Steam-Explosion (AWEx) process to open and solubilize lignocellulosic biomass (LBM) coupled to an innovative mixed culture fermentation technology capable of producing a wide range of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from all sugars present in LBM. The VFAs will then be separated and converted to hydrocarbon biofuel through catalytic upgrading. By continuously removing VFAs as they are produced (extractive fermentation), we were able to recover the VFAs while both eliminating the need for pH adjustment and increasing the fermentation productivity. The recovered VFAs were then esterified and upgraded to hydrocarbon fuels through a parallel series of hydrogenolysis/decarboxylation and dehydration reactions. We also demonstrated that a portion of the residual lignin fraction was solubilized and converted into VFAs, also improving the yields of VFAs. The remaining lignin fraction was then shown to be available (after dewatering and drying) for use as a lignin-enriched fuel pellet or as a feedstock for further processing.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Gasification Combined Heat and Power from Coal Fines

The goal of this final project report is to comprehensively summarize the work for public domain conducted on project DE-FE 0031520. In accordance with the Statement of Project Objectives (SOPO), the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research (UKy-CAER) (Recipient) has completed a Front End Engineering Design (FEED) study 5 MWe polygeneration unit using the Coal Fields Regional Industrial Park in Hazard, Kentucky (KY) as a model location and using coal recovered from the adjacent Pads Branch Impoundment as feed. The scope of work is a thorough study that can be used as a template for the application of the proposed technology throughout Eastern KY and other coal communities nationwide. The Technology Design Basis was developed based on three elements: basic site characteristics; fuel feedstock; and environmental health and safety requirements. The Basic Engineering Design Elements include the preliminary process design (the process area descriptions; the Block Flow Diagram (BFD), Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs) and Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs), process simulation outputs and Heat and Mass Balance (H&MB) stream tables, the major process equipment and instrumentation lists which includes specifications and materials of construction); the cost estimate (capital cost estimate, operational cost estimate, and comparison with state-of-the-art commercial scale similar technologies, options to lower cost, construction cost and schedule estimate); and other supporting elements (guidelines for execution and management of the project), logistical summary, and balance of plant summary, the Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) assessment; and a Social and Economic Impact (S&EI) assessment. All project milestones, deliverables and success criteria were met. The proposed 5 MWe polygeneration facility being fed from impoundment recovered coal has been shown to be technically feasible. Annual revenues are estimated at $\$ $2.4M from electricity, steam and hydrocarbon production; annual operating expenses are $\$ $5.2M ($\$ $2.9 M in operating expenses, and $\$ $2.4M in indirect expenses). The gasifier facility, as configured during the FEED, will lose money when operating under commercial operating conditions and terms. However, eight options improving the economics can be considered during the detailed design phase to make the facility profitable by taking advantage of the positive differential of revenue to variable operating costs, and reducing the influence of fixed operating costs. Coupled with the findings from the S&EI assessment estimating a total economic impact of $\$ $374M for the proposed polygeneration facility at >$\$ $1.5B, if three additional such projects are implemented, clearly positive economics are demonstrated. No EH&S issues are identified that would prohibit proceeding with the project, although permitting efforts are estimated to take 3-5 years.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
NASA NTRS1973

Ammonium perchlorate gasification and combustion at high heating rates and low pressures.

Mass-spectrometric and linear regression rate characterizations are reported, derived from CO2 laser pyrolyses of pressed NH2ClO4 (AP) at incident heat fluxes ranging from 25 to 4000 cal/sq cm sec. Product evolution-rate histories were obtained in vacuo by time-resolved (5 msec) mass spectrometry during (1) transient heat-up, and (2) subsequent quasi-steady vaporization (QSV). Vaporization induction times were obtained for (1); these, coupled with heat-transfer approximations neglecting thermochemical heat release, indicated that optical absorption at 10.6 microns dominated over conduction for heat fluxes much greater than 300. Conclusions applying in vacuo were: preferential desorption of NH3, with net accumulation of adsorbed HClO4, occurred during transient heat-up and onset of condensed phase decomposition (CPD), but preferential decomposition of adsorbed HClO4 (compared to NH3) occurred during QSV when CPD was significant. CPD was the dominant mode of QSV at moderate heat fluxes.

Pellett, G. L.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Comparative description of coal feeding systems for fixed bed pressure gasification

Coal feeding systems are discussed which are capable of feeding 20-100 T/H and the range of pressure is up to 100 bar. Most emphasis is placed on dry feeding systems. The systems outlined are subdivided into continuous and intermittent and the influence of each system on lock gas losses and reactor design is shown. Finally a cost estimate is presented which indicates the areas of preferred application and permits conclusions to be drawn regarding the economics of the various systems.

Funk, E.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Gas core reactors for coal gasification

The concept of using a gas core reactor to produce hydrogen directly from coal and water is presented. It is shown that the chemical equilibrium of the process is strongly in favor of the production of H2 and CO in the reactor cavity, indicating a 98% conversion of water and coal at only 1500 K. At lower temperatures in the moderator-reflector cooling channels the equilibrium strongly favors the conversion of CO and additional H2O to CO2 and H2. Furthermore, it is shown the H2 obtained per pound of carbon has 23% greater heating value than the carbon so that some nuclear energy is also fixed. Finally, a gas core reactor plant floating in the ocean is conceptualized which produces H2, fresh water and sea salts from coal.

Weinstein, H.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Coal gasification systems engineering and analysis, volume 2

The major design related features of each generic plant system were characterized in a catalog. Based on the catalog and requirements data, approximately 17 designs and cost estimates were developed for MBG and alternate products. A series of generic trade studies was conducted to support all of the design studies. A set of cost and programmatic analyses were conducted to supplement the designs. The cost methodology employed for the design and sensitivity studies was documented and implemented in a computer program. Plant design and construction schedules were developed for the K-T, Texaco, and B&W MBG plant designs. A generic work breakdown structure was prepared, based on the K-T design, to coincide with TVA's planned management approach. An extensive set of cost sensitivity analyses was completed for K-T, Texaco, and B&W design. Product price competitiveness was evaluated for MBG and the alternate products. A draft management policy and procedures manual was evaluated. A supporting technology development plan was developed to address high technology risk issues. The issues were identified and ranked in terms of importance and tractability, and a plan developed for obtaining data or developing technology required to mitigate the risk.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1980

Coal gasification systems engineering and analysis. Appendix C: Alternate product facility designs

The study of the production of methane, methanol, gasoline, and hydrogen by an add-on facility to a Koppers-Totzek based MBG plant is presented. Applications to a Texaco facility are inferred by evaluation of delta effects from the K-T cases. The production of methane from an add-on facility to a Lurgi based MBG plant and the co-production of methane and methanol from a Lurgi based system is studied. Studies are included of the production of methane from up to 50 percent of the MBG produced in an integrated K-T based plant and the production of methane from up to 50 percent of the MBG produced from an integrated plant in which module 1 is based on K-T technology and modules 2, 3, and 4 are based on Texaco technology.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1980

Coal gasification systems engineering and analysis. Appendix D: Cost and economic studies

The detailed cost estimate documentation for the designs prepared in this study are presented. The include: (1) Koppers-Totzek, (2) Texaco (3) Babcock and Wilcox, (4) BGC-Lurgi, and (5) Lurgi. The alternate product cost estimates include: (1) Koppers-Totzek and Texaco single product facilities (methane, methanol, gasoline, hydrogen), (2) Kopers-Totzek SNG and MBG, (3) Kopers-Totzek and Texaco SNG and MBG, and (4) Lurgi-methane and Lurgi-methane and methanol.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1980

Coal gasification systems engineering and analysis. Appendix E: Cost estimation and economic evaluation methodology

The cost estimation and economic evaluation methodologies presented are consistent with industry practice for assessing capital investment requirements and operating costs of coal conversion systems. All values stated are based on January, 1980 dollars with appropriate recognition of the time value of money. Evaluation of project economic feasibility can be considered a two step process (subject to considerable refinement). First, the costs of the project must be quantified and second, the price at which the product can be manufacturd must be determined. These two major categories are discussed. The summary of methodology is divided into five parts: (1) systems costs, (2)instant plant costs, (3) annual operating costs, (4) escalation and discounting process, and (5) product pricing.

Source record↗