R&IC Rare Earth Overview: Sampling, Characterization, & Recovery of Rare Earths from Coal By-Products
Project Review Meeting for Crosscutting Research, Gasification Systems, and Rare Earth Elements Research Portfolios
Granite, Evan↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Advanced Reaction Systems (ARS) FWP1022405 Task 4: Advanced Manufacturing and Materials Technologies for Gasification
2021 Crosscutting Research and Advanced Energy Systems Project Review Meeting, Virtual, May 4-5, 2021
Nakano, Jinichiro↗
DE-FOA-0002687 - Request for Information on Industrial Decarbonization Priorities
Idaho National Laboratory (INL) collaborates with industrial, academic, FFRDC, and research organizations across all of the categories highlighted in the RFI. INL is cognizant that industry and research organizations provided detailed RFI responses in the categories aligned with their sector. INL’s RFI response outlines crosscutting principles and specific challenges to enable DOE to achieve industrial decarbonization targets across all categories.
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
How to Read the Snowmass White Papers on Power Dynamics in Physics, Informal Socialization in Physics Training, and Policing and Gatekeeping in STEM
The Community Engagement Frontier presents this set of three white papers, as part of Snowmass 2021. These papers address critical issues -- Power Dynamics in Physics, Informal Socialization in Physics Training, and Policing and Gatekeeping in STEM -- that make significant impacts on the experiences of the people who work in and learn particle physics. In this introductory document, we present crosscutting concepts that appear in each paper, and some advice on how to manage readers' responses to the contents. We expect that you will learn something new here. We hope that whatever you encounter, you will be energized to increase justice in this discipline we all love.
Hodari, Apriel K.↗
Hanford Site Beryllium Program: Past, Present, and Future - 12428
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has a long history of beryllium use because of the element's broad application to many nuclear operations and processes. At the Hanford Site beryllium alloy was used to fabricate parts for reactors, including fuel rods for the N-Reactor during plutonium production. Because of continued confirmed cases of chronic beryllium disease (CBD), and data suggesting CBD occurs at exposures to low-level concentrations, the DOE decided to issue a rule to further protect federal and contractor workers from hazards associated with exposure to beryllium. When the beryllium rule was issued in 1999, each of the Hanford Site contractors developed a Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program (CBDPP) and initial site wide beryllium inventories. A new site-wide CBDPP, applicable to all Hanford contractors, was issued in May, 2009. In the spring of 2010 the DOE Headquarters Office of Health, Safety, and Security (HSS) conducted an independent inspection to evaluate the status of implementation of the Hanford Site Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program (CBDPP). The report identified four Findings and 12 cross-cutting Opportunities for Improvement (OFIs). A corrective action plan (CAP) was developed to address the Findings and crosscutting OFIs. The DOE directed affected site contractors to identify dedicated resources to participate in development of the CAP, along with involving stakeholders. The CAP included general and contractor-specific recommendations. Following initiation of actions to implement the approved CAP, it became apparent that additional definition of product deliverables was necessary to assure that expectations were adequately addressed and CAP actions could be closed. Consequently, a supplement to the original CAP was prepared and transmitted to DOE-HQ for approval. Development of the supplemental CAP was an eight month effort. From the onset a core group of CAP development members were identified to develop a mechanism for assuring that consensus was achieved on products developed as part of the CAP and the closure process. The original CAP was developed based on a large number of actions developed from the HSS report. This was essentially a 'bottoms up' approach. The revised CAP development team concluded that a more holistic, process-based approach was appropriate to assure that the resulting deliverable resulted in a best-in-class product. Consequently, issues and recommendations contained in the HSS report were grouped into 11 program areas, specific product deliverables were identified within each of the program areas, and a work breakdown structure (WBS) was logically applied to number the groupings. While the revised approach to product development utilizes a more holistic, 'top down' approach, the intent was still to incorporate specific recommendations and address specific issues contained in the HSS report. Through implementation of this new approach, a collaborative team has been established that works together using a consensus process for ensuring product completion. Benefits of the new approach include building a level of trust amongst all parties, quality of the products have improved, and acceptance by all parties of what action will truly meet the intent of the deficiency and make the beryllium program stronger. Open dialogue occurs amongst the core Be CAP team members, Hanford contractors, and DOE. It has been a learning process and will continue to be one, but everyone shares the common goal of reducing worker exposure to beryllium. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Thermal Integration of DETAIL Systems
A thermal connection between the Microreactor AGile Non-nuclear Experimental Testbed (MAGNET) and the thermal energy distribution system (TEDS) has been a key part of the Dynamic Energy Transport and Integration Laboratory (DETAIL) plan since the development of the Integrated Energy Systems Roadmap in 2020. This connection provides an expanding demonstration capability for integrated system operations. The thermal connection between MAGNET and TEDS required the selection of a heat exchanger and valves to isolate flow. Research staff within the NEET Crosscutting Technology Development program selected equipment after receiving proposals from multiple vendors. A helical coil heat exchanger from Graham Corporation was selected for its small volume relative to its heat transfer surface area to fit in the limited space available. Triple offset butterfly valves with pneumatic actuators from Flowserve were selected to isolate and/or control flow of the hot gas through the heat exchanger. Staff from Idaho National Laboratory’s (INL) Facilities and Site Services Engineering department designed the piping and structural support. A mechanical construction firm was contracted to install the system. This report documents the design and construction of this thermal connection.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Cyber-Informed Engineering Guidance—Implementing CIE in Early Systems Engineering Lifecycle Stages
Traditionally, cybersecurity is not considered in the design process. Design engineers typically focus on building safety and reliability into their products and applications. Security against malicious cyber incidents is often an afterthought, resulting in deployment of security solutions during installation or operation. Unfortunately, waiting to consider cybersecurity until later in the systems engineering lifecycle often results in less effective and more expense security. Idaho National Laboratory (INL) developed the concept of Cyber-Informed Engineering (CIE) in 2015 to provide a framework that enables cybersecurity to be built into systems beginning at the conceptual design stage. In addition to ongoing research by INL, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response has recently developed a National CIE Strategy document for incorporating CIE into the design and operation of infrastructure systems reliant on digital monitoring or controls. This paper provides a brief review of this National CIE Strategy as well as a roadmap to historical, current, and future CIE research by INL through the U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) Cybersecurity Crosscutting Technology Development Program. A near-term focus of the DOE-NE’s research and development is to extend the foundational CIE work into detailed guidance for implementation during initial systems engineering stages in nuclear digital instrumentation and control projects and to demonstrate use of the guidance in an integrated energy systems project.
22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
Overview of the DOE nuclear fuels storage and transportation planning project - 15444
The US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy is conducting planning activities within the Nuclear Fuels Storage and Transportation Planning Project (NFST) to lay the groundwork for implementing interim storage, including associated transportation, per the Administration's Strategy for the Management and Disposal of Used Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste, and to develop a foundation for a new nuclear waste management organization. The purpose of the NFST is to make progress on this important national issue within existing legislative and budgetary authorizations. The objective of the NFST is to develop and begin implementation of an integrated plan to (1) implement interim storage; (2) improve the overall integration of storage as a planned part of the waste management system; (3) prepare for the large-scale transportation of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste, with an initial focus on removing SNF from the shutdown reactor sites; and (4) develop foundational information, resources, and capabilities needed to support the aforementioned objectives and future implementation decisions and actions. An over-arching goal is to develop options for decision-makers on the design of an integrated waste management system. The planning activities are divided into four major topical areas: (1) Consent-Based Siting, (2) Storage, (3) Transportation, and (4) Strategic Crosscuts. This paper provides an overview of the NFST and its activities. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Identification and prioritization of high risk deteriorating support infrastructure - 15475
Identification and prioritization for the re-capitalization of deteriorating waste processing and storage support infrastructure and information technology (IT) is essential for a safe, cost effective, and sustainable waste management program. Funding restraints have limited programs to performing only maintenance on aging infrastructure support systems whose operational costs, technological obsolescence, and reliability risks continue to grow without a disciplined and balanced re-capitalization program. Savannah River Site (SRS) comprises both Department of Energy Environmental Management and NNSA missions, and includes a lab, Savannah River National Laboratory. SRS has developed a crosscutting identification and prioritization tool and process that provides integration of all Site mission support infrastructure re-capitalization requirements and prioritizes into a single database that can be readily accessed for infrastructure investment decisions. This database, referred to as the SRS Critical Integrated Infrastructure Priority List (CIIPL) captures risk data that includes impacts toward safety, regulatory compliance, mission, and cost for inclusion in its prioritization process. Further, the CIIPL provides a status of each entered project's readiness for execution that includes funding source, reliability of current cost estimate, and an out year budget profile. The SRS CIIPL, created in 2009, was initially comprised of re-capitalization projects for the Site's common infrastructure (i.e. shared roads and utilities) that supported all Site missions and activities. As mission program funding became constrained, the value for a Site wide integrated prioritization tool became more apparent and the CIIPL grew to include all Site mission and tenant activities which included safeguards and security requirements. The SRS CIIPL has become a highly effective tool for achieving senior management situational awareness of the Site's most pressing support infrastructure and IT needs. The mission programs have used the CIIPL to prioritize and fund high risk projects within their own program budgets. This past year, the CIIPL was used as a budgeting and decision making tool to allocate funding for two common infrastructures high risk projects for the FY16 Site budget submission and has received laudatory comments from DOE headquarters review teams. The SRS CIIPL and its process can be a benefit to other waste management organizations by demonstrating a proven approach toward the integration of support infrastructure and IT re-capitalization requirements across diverse mission and tenant boundaries. The SRS CIIPL can provide senior management with an objective decision making tool that delivers a balanced evaluation of project requirements in terms of multiple risk criteria; safety, regulatory, mission, and cost impacts. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Solvated Electrons Have Multiple Personalities in Molten Salts
P-Crosscut: Solvated Electrons Have Multiple Personalities in Molten Salts [EFRC – MSEE] Alejandro Ramos-Ballesteros;1 Hung H. Nguyen;2 Kazuhiro Iwamatsu;3 Santanu Roy;4 Vyacheslav Bryantsev;4 Michael E. Woods;1 Ruchi Gakhar;1 Phillip Halstenberg;4 Bobby Layne;5 Jay A. LaVerne;6 Claudio J. Margulis:2* and James F. Wishart5* 1Idaho National Laboratory; 2The University of Iowa; 3Hunter College; 4Oak Ridge National Laboratory; 5Brookhaven National Laboratory; 6University of Notre Dame Abstract: The solvated (eS–) is a powerful reducing agent and one of the primary products of molten salt radiolysis. In these extreme high-temperature environments, the eS– can initiate cascades of redox processes that significantly alter the physical and chemical properties of a molten salt, posing challenges for molten salt reactor (MSR) performance and longevity. Consequently, mastering the fundamental behavior of the eS– could enable the design of specific molten salt mixtures with tailored Lewis acidities for controlling the speciation and chemical reactivity of the eS–, thereby mitigating its overall impact on MSR technologies. Here, we use time-resolved electron pulse radiolysis techniques for determining chemical kinetics and transient absorption spectra, combined with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to explore the influence of multivalent metal cations on the fundamental speciation and distribution of eS– coordination environments.
38 - RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCL↗
FY2013 Lightweight Materials R&D Annual Progress Report
As part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Vehicle Technologies Program (VTO), the Lightweight Materials (LM) activity focuses on the development and validation of advanced materials and manufacturing technologies to significantly reduce light and heavy duty vehicle weight without compromising other attributes such as safety, performance, recyclability, and cost.
33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
FY2014 Lightweight Materials R&D Annual Progress Report
The Lightweight Materials research and development (R&D) area within the DOE Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) provides support and guidance for many cutting-edge automotive technologies under development. Research focuses on addressing critical barriers to commercializing lightweight materials for passenger and commercial vehicles.
33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
FY2016 Lightweight Materials Annual Progress Report
The Lightweight Materials research and development (R&D) area within the DOE Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) provides support and guidance for many cutting-edge automotive technologies under development. Research focuses on addressing critical barriers to commercializing lightweight materials for passenger and commercial vehicles. This report describes the progress made on the research and development projects funded by the Lightweight Materials area.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
FY2015 Lightweight Materials R&D Annual Progress Report
The Lightweight Materials research and development (R&D) area within the DOE Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) provides support and guidance for many cutting-edge automotive technologies under development. Research focuses on addressing critical barriers to commercializing lightweight materials for passenger and commercial vehicles. This report describes the progress made on the research and development projects funded by the Lightweight Materials area.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
FY2017 Materials Annual Progress Report
The Materials Technology subprogram supports the Vehicle Technology Office’s mission to help consumers and businesses reduce their transportation energy costs while meeting or exceeding vehicle performance expectations. The Propulsion Materials research portfolio seeks to develop higher performance materials that can withstand increasingly extreme environments and address the future properties needs of a variety of high efficiency powertrain types, sizes, fueling concepts, and combustion modes. Advanced Lightweight Materials research enables improvements in fuel economy by providing properties that are equal to or better than traditional materials at a lower weight. Because it takes less energy to accelerate a lighter object, replacing cast iron and traditional steel components with lightweight materials such as high-strength steel, magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), and polymer composites can directly reduce a vehicle’s fuel consumption. Materials technology activities focus on the following cost and performance targets: (1) enable a 25 percent weight reduction for light-duty vehicles including body, chassis, and interior as compared to a 2012 baseline at no more than a $5/lb-saved increase in cost; and (2) validate a 25 percent improvement in high temperature (300°C) component strength relative to components made with 2010 baseline cast Al alloys (A319 or A356) for improved efficiency light-duty engines.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Materials 2018 Annual Progress Report
The Materials Technology Program supports the Vehicles Technologies Office’s mission to help consumers and businesses reduce their transportation energy costs while meeting or exceeding vehicle performance expectations. The propulsion materials research portfolio seeks to develop higher performance materials that can withstand increasingly extreme environments and address the future properties needs of a variety of high-efficiency powertrain types, sizes, fueling concepts, and combustion modes. Advanced lightweight materials enable improvements in fuel economy by providing properties that are equal to or better than traditional materials at a lower weight. Because it takes less energy to accelerate a lighter object, replacing cast-iron and traditional steel components with lightweight materials such as high-strength steel, magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), and polymer composites can directly reduce a vehicle’s fuel consumption. Materials technology activities focus on the following cost and performance targets: (1) enable a 25% weight reduction for light-duty (LD) vehicles including body, chassis, and interior as compared to a model year 2012 baseline at no more than a $\$$5/lb-saved increase in cost; and (2) validate a 25% improvement in high-temperature (300°C) development of engine exhaust catalyst materials strength relative to components made with 2010 baseline cast Al alloys (A319 or A356) for improved efficiency LD engines.
33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
FY2019 Materials Annual Progress Report
The Materials Technology Program supports the Vehicle Technologies Office’s (VTO’s) mission to help consumers and businesses reduce their transportation energy costs while meeting or exceeding vehicle performance expectations. The propulsion materials research portfolio seeks to develop higher performance materials that can withstand increasingly extreme environments and address the future properties needed for a variety of high-efficiency powertrain types, sizes, fueling concepts, and combustion modes. The lightweight materials research portfolio enables improvements in fuel economy by providing properties that are equal to or better than traditional materials at a lower weight. Because it takes less energy to accelerate a lighter object, replacing cast-iron and traditional steel components with lightweight materials such as advanced high-strength steels, magnesium (Mg) alloys, aluminum (Al) alloys, and fiber-reinforced polymer composites can directly reduce a vehicle’s fuel consumption. By 2025, Materials Technology research activities seek to enable a 25% weight reduction of the glider for light-duty (LD) vehicles including body, chassis, and interior as compared to a 2015 baseline at no more than a $5/lb-saved increase in cost.
33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
Materials for Harsh Environments
The 2020 Materials for Harsh Service Conditions (M4HSC) Workshop was coordinated by three different U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Offices: the Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO), the Office of Fossil Energy (FE), and the Office of Nuclear Energy (NE). The event was held virtually October 27–30, 2020. The workshop brought together stakeholders from academia, industry, national laboratories, and DOE offices to identify the opportunities (paths for obtaining desirable goals), challenges (actionable tasks taken up along these paths), barriers (obstacles impeding advancement along the paths), and research and development (R&D) needs for enabling development of technology readiness level (TRL) 3–6 materials and materials systems, as well as their advancement into widespread commercial application.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗