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At least 271 records · Page 15

An improved quasi-diabatic representation of the 1, 2, 3 1 A coupled adiabatic potential energy surfaces of phenol in the full 33 internal coordinates

In a previous project we constructed a quasi-diabatic representation, H d , of the 1, 2, 3 1 A adiabatic states of phenol from high level multireference single and double excitation configuration interaction electronic structure data, energies, energy gradients, and derivative couplings. That H d accurately describes surface minima, saddle points, and also regions of strong nonadiabatic interactions, reproducing the locus of conical intersection seams and the coordinate dependence of the derivative couplings. The present work determines the accuracy of H d for describing phenol photodissociation. Additionally, we demonstrate that a modest energetic shift of two diabats yields a quantifiably more accurate H d compared with experimental energetics. The analysis shows that in favorable circumstances it is possible to use single point energies obtained from the most reliable electronic structure methods available, including methods for which the energy gradients and derivative couplings are not available, to improve the quality of a global representation of several coupled potential energy surfaces. Our data indicate an alternative interpretation of kinetic energy release measurements near λ phot ~ 248 nm.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Time-Dependent Complete Active Space Embedded in Polarizable Force Field

Electron correlation and environmental effects play important roles in electron dynamics and spectroscopic observables of chemical systems in condensed phase. In this paper, we present a time-dependent complete active space configuration interaction (TD-CASCI) approach embedded in a polaraizable force filed, MMPol. The present implementation of TD-CASCI/MMPol utilizes a direct matrix-vector contraction, allowing studies of large systems. This scheme is used to study the solvatochromic shift of coumarin 153 in methanol. The TD-CASCI/MMPol approach captures the double excitation character in the excited state wave function and accurately predicts the solvatochromic red-shift of coumarin 153 dye within the experimental range, outperforming linear response time-dependent density functional theory. The effect of using different reference orbitals for the TD-CASCI/MMPol simulation is also investigated, highlighting the need for an unbiased treatment of all electronic states in the energy range of interest.

Liu, Hongbin↗

Resource-Efficient Chemistry on Quantum Computers with the Variational Quantum Eigensolver and The Double Unitary Coupled-Cluster approach

Applications of quantum simulation algorithms to obtain electronic energies of molecules on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices require careful consideration of resources describing the complex electron correlation effects. In modeling second-quantized problems, the biggest challenge confronted is that the number of qubits scales linearly with the size of molecular basis. This poses a significant limitation on the size of the basis sets and the number of correlated electrons included in quantum simulations of chemical processes. To address this issue and to enable more realistic simulations on NISQ computers, we employ the double unitary coupled-cluster (DUCC) method to effectively downfold correlation effects into the reduced-size orbital space, commonly referred to as the active space. Using downfolding techniques, we demonstrate that properly constructed effective Hamiltonians can capture the effect of the whole orbital space in small-size active spaces. Combining the downfolding pre-processing technique with the Variational Quantum Eigensolver, we solve for the ground-state energy of H2 and Li2 in the cc-pVTZ basis using the DUCC-reduced active spaces. We compare these results to full configuration-interaction and high-level coupled-cluster reference calculations.

quantum computing, variational quantum solver, cou↗

Ab Initio Reaction Kinetics of CH 3 O$\dot{C}$(=O) and $\dot{C}$H 2 OC(=O)H Radicals

The dissociation and isomerization kinetics of the methyl ester combustion intermediates methoxycarbonyl radical (CH3O$\dot{C}$(=O)) and (formyloxy)methyl radical ($\dot{C}$H2OC(=O)H) are investigated theoretically using high-level ab initio methods and Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM)/master equation (ME) theory. Geometries obtained at the hybrid density functional theory (DFT) and coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction (CCSD(T)) levels of theory are found to be similar. We employ high-level ab initio wave function methods to refine the potential energy surface: CCSD(T), multireference singles and doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) with the Davidson–Silver (DS) correction, and multireference averaged coupled-pair functional (MRACPF2) theory. MRSDCI+DS and MRACPF2 capture the multiconfigurational character of transition states (TSs) and predict lower barrier heights than CCSD(T). The temperature- and pressure-dependent rate coefficients are computed using RRKM/ME theory in the temperature range 300–2500 K and a pressure range of 0.01 atm to the high-pressure limit, which are then fitted to modified Arrhenius expressions. Dissociation of CH3O$\dot{C}$(=O) to $\dot{C}$H3 and CO2 is predicted to be much faster than dissociating to CH3$\dot{O}$ and CO, consistent with its greater exothermicity. Isomerization between CH3O$\dot{C}$(=O) and $\dot{C}$H2OC(=O)H is predicted to be the slowest among the studied reactions and rarely happens even at high temperature and high pressure, suggesting the decomposition pathways of the two radicals are not strongly coupled. The predicted rate coefficients and branching fractions at finite pressures differ significantly from the corresponding high-pressure-limit results, especially at relatively high temperatures. Finally, because it is one of the most important CH3$\dot{O}$ removal mechanisms under atmospheric conditions, the reaction kinetics of CH3$\dot{O}$ + CO was also studied along the PES of CH3O$\dot{C}$(=O); the resulting kinetics predictions are in remarkable agreement with experiments.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Interacting spins and holes in zigzag edge nanographene

We have investigated charge and spin gap properties of zigzag edge graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) modeled within Hubbard Hamiltonian with onsite electron-electron interaction using semi-empirical many-body configuration interaction (CI) method. The charge gap behavior resembles the mean-field results, showing minima near Dirac point. We have observed unprecedented gap-less spin excitations over the flat band region. Moreover, doping the ZGNRs with holes reduces both the charge and spin gaps, inducing metallic and magnetic behavior, which can be exploited to fabricate spintronic devices.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Radiative rates for E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions in S-like to F-like tungsten ions (W LIX to W LXVI)

Calculations of energy levels, radiative rates and lifetimes are reported for eight ions of tungsten, i.e. S-like (W LIX) to F-like (W LXVI). A large number of levels have been considered for each ion and extensive configuration interaction has been included among a range of configurations. For the calculations, the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package (grasp) has been adopted, and radiative rates (as well as oscillator strengths and line strengths) are listed for all E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions of the ions. Comparisons have been made with earlier available experimental and theoretical energies, although these are limited to only a few levels for most ions. Therefore for additional accuracy assessments, particularly for energy levels, analogous calculations have been performed with the flexible atomic code (fac).

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Collective rotation from ab initio theory

Through ab initio approaches in nuclear theory, we may now seek to quantitatively understand the wealth of nuclear collective phenomena starting from the underlying internucleon interactions. No-core configuration interaction (NCCI) calculations for p-shell nuclei give rise to rotational bands, as evidenced by rotational patterns for excitation energies, electromagnetic moments and electromagnetic transitions. In this review, NCCI calculations of 7–9 Be are used to illustrate and explore ab initio rotational structure, and the resulting predictions for rotational band properties are compared with experiment. We highlight the robustness of ab initio rotational predictions across different choices for the internucleon interaction.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

General active space commutator-based coupled cluster theory of general excitation rank for electronically excited states: Implementation and application to ScH

We present a new implementation of general excitation rank coupled cluster theory for electronically excited states based on the single-reference multi-reference formalism. The method may include active-space selected and/or general higher excitations by means of the general active space concept. It may employ molecular integrals over the four-component Lévy-Leblond Hamiltonian or the relativistic spin-orbit-free four-component Hamiltonian of Dyall. In an initial application to ground- and excited states of the scandium monohydride molecule we report spectroscopic constants using basis sets of up to quadruple-zeta quality and up to full iterative triple excitations in the cluster operators. Effects due to spin-orbit interaction are evaluated using two-component multi-reference configuration interaction for assessing the accuracy of the coupled cluster results.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

The many-body electronic interactions of Fe(II)–porphyrin

Fe(II)–porphyrin complexes exhibit a diverse range of electronic interactions between the metal and macrocycle. Herein, the incremental full configuration interaction method is applied to the entire space of valence orbitals of a Fe(II)–porphyrin model using a modest basis set. A novel visualization framework is proposed to analyze individual many-body contributions to the correlation energy, providing detailed maps of this complex’s highly correlated electronic structure. Furthermore, this technique is used to parse the numerous interactions of two low-lying triplet states ( 3 A 2 g and 3 E g ) and to show that strong metal d–d and macrocycle π–π orbital interactions preferentially stabilize the 3 A 2 g state. d–π interactions, on the other hand, preferentially stabilize the 3 E g state and primarily appear when correlating six electrons at a time. Ultimately, the Fe(II)–porphyrin model’s full set of 88 valence electrons are correlated in 275 orbitals, showing the interactions up to the 4-body level, which covers the great majority of correlations in this system.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Quantum Monte Carlo calculation of the binding energy of the beryllium dimer

The accurate calculation of the binding energy of the beryllium dimer is a challenging theoretical problem. In this study, the binding energy of Be{sub 2} is calculated using the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method, using single Slater determinant and multiconfigurational trial functions. DMC calculations using single-determinant trial wave functions of orbitals obtained from density functional theory calculations overestimate the binding energy, while DMC calculations using Hartree-Fock or CAS(4,8), complete active space trial functions significantly underestimate the binding energy. In order to obtain an accurate value of the binding energy of Be{sub 2} from DMC calculations, it is necessary to employ trial functions that include excitations outside the valence space. Our best estimate DMC result for the binding energy of Be{sub 2}, obtained by using configuration interaction trial functions and extrapolating in the threshold for the configurations retained in the trial function, is 908 cm{sup −1}, only slightly below the 935 cm{sup −1} value derived from experiment.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Edge counts for the auxiliary pair graph within the graphical unitary group approach

Closed-form expressions are presented for the numbers of edges in the auxiliary pair graphs (APGs) associated with non spin-orbit and spin-orbit Shavitt graphs for full configuration interaction expansions. A Shavitt graph is a visual representation of a configuration state function expansion space constructed via the graphical unitary group approach (GUGA). An APG is an organisational aid and a programmatic tool generated from a Shavitt graph. The number of edges in an APG determines bounds on the computational scaling as a function of the total numbers of electrons, orbitals, and spin multiplicities. The edge counts extend a suite of Shavitt graph statistics based on these functional parameters. The derivation and the presentation of the formulas for the edge counts has been assisted by the bra-ket interchange symmetry and the particle-hole interchange symmetry in the GUGA formalism. Furthermore, these symmetry operators produce one-to-one correspondences between various sets of edges, and this yields identities among some edge count formulas. There are 208 possible edge types. Of these, some do not contribute to two-electron operators, some are related by bra-ket interchange symmetry, and some are related by particle-hole interchange symmetry. For the remaining unique edge types, explicit expressions are derived for the numbers of edges.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Large-scale calculations of atomic level and transition properties in the aluminum isoelectronic sequence from Ti X through Kr XXIV, Xe XLII, and W LXII

Large-scale self-consistent multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock subsequent relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) calculations are reported for 360 states belonging to the 30 configurations 3s{sup 2}{3l,4l,5l}, 3p{sup 2}{3d,4l}, 3s{3p"2,3d"2}, 3s{3p3d,3p4l,3p5s,3d4l"′}, 3p3d{sup 2}, 3p{sup 3} and 3d{sup 3} with l=0,1,…,n−1 and l{sup ′}=0,1,2 in 17 systems of the aluminum-like isoelectronic sequence: Ti X through Kr XXIV, Xe XLII, and W LXII. Effects from electron correlation are taken into account by means of large expansions in terms of a basis of configuration state functions (CSF) and calculated energy levels are compared with existing theoretical calculations and the NIST Atomic Spectra database. Radiative E1, E2, M1 and M2 transition rates and associated lifetimes of energy levels are presented in online tables. The uncertainties of the calculated energies are very small, on average between 0.02% and 0.05%, which aid new line identifications in laboratory and astronomical spectra and also make it possible to find and rule out misidentifications. The uncertainties of the E1 transition probabilities, based on the agreement between values in the length and velocity gauges, are estimated to be of the order 0.5% for the strong transitions and 25% for the weaker intercombination transitions. The M1 transition values are not sensitive to electron correlation and are believed to be accurate to well within 1%.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Benchmark of the No-Core Monte Carlo Shell Model in Light Nuclei

We report the benchmark comparison of the properties in light nuclei among the Monte Carlo Shell Model, Full Configuration Interaction and No Core Full Configuration approaches. For this benchmark process, we compare results for the energies of 9 states from helium-4 to carbon-12 that includes 7 ground states and 2 excited states. The JISP16 NN interaction is adopted. The Coulomb and all other interactions are neglected. The contributions of spurious center-of-mass excitation are not discussed here. The basis space is truncated by the cutoff of the single-particle basis space, N shell . We select the optimal $\hbar$ω that minimizes the energy for that state and basis space cutoff. The MCSM results are obtained by exploiting the recent development in the computation of two-body matrix elements between non-orthogonal Slater determinants and technique of the energy-variance extrapolation. All results are found to be consistent with each other to within quoted uncertainties when they could be quantified. As an exploratory attempt, we also demonstrate how to draw the intrinsic density from no-core MCSM wave functions by taking the 8 Be ground state as an example.

Physics↗

Spectroscopic and theoretical studies of the low-lying states of BaO{sup +}

The BaO{sup +} cation is of interest from the perspectives of electronic structure and the potential for cooling to ultra-cold temperatures. Spectroscopic data for the ion have been obtained using a two-color photoionization technique. The ionization energy for BaO was found to be 6.8123(3) eV. The ground state of BaO{sup +} was identified as X{sup 2}Σ{sup +}, and both vibrational and rotational constants were determined. Vibrationally resolved spectra were recorded for A{sup 2}Π, the first electronically excited state. These data yielded the term energy, vibrational frequency, and the spin-orbit interaction constant. Relativistic electronic structure calculations were carried out using multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI), coupled cluster and density functional theory methods. Transition moments for the pure vibrational and A{sup 2}Π-X{sup 2}Σ{sup +} transitions were predicted using the MRCI method.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

ACES: Infrastructure As Code. Model Optimization and Performance Capability

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) refers to managing infrastructure (networks, physical/virtual machines, storage, and connection topology) in a descriptive model/language, rather than configuring it manually or using interactive configuration tools. Just like source code can be compiled to generate the same binary code, IaC enables generating the same environment every time it is applied. IaC is a key DevOps practice and is generally used in conjunction with continuous integration (CI) and continuous delivery (CD). In CI, all code changes are merged into a mainline branch and validated multiple times a day as developers check in their changes to the source code. In CD on the other hand, code changes are automatically packaged for a new release-to-production on a regular basis. This typically enables teams to deliver software changes much more quickly and often. Developing and managing the ACES platform using (IaC) is vital for the robust deployment and continued sustainment of this foundational computing capability. IaC and DevOps practices will help us solve many of the common challenges often encountered in developing and maintaining compute infrastructure. First, it will make the provisioning, deployment, and maintenance of the compute infrastructure across multiple environments much more efficient. Second, these processes help make the overall system much more stable by continuously testing new changes as they are introduced to the system. Third, it allows us to be much more confident of the security controls in place since they can be tested as part of the CI process and all new changes can be audited and tracked. Finally, IaC enables the ACES Platform to be adaptable to the emerging technologies due to its ability to spin up different test beds to evaluate and incorporate these technologies. This document addresses common infrastructure-management challenges, describes what happens if they are not addressed, and highlights the value of utilizing IaC to tackle them. Finally, we will provide a high-level overview of the IaC and DevOps practices being utilized by the ACES Platform team.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Energy levels, weighted oscillator strengths, transition rates, lifetimes, hyperfine structures and isotope shifts of He-like-Sn deduced from the relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and second-order many-body perturbation theory calculations

We disclose relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) spectrum calculations for SnXLIX. Energy levels, weighted oscillator strengths, isotope shifts, hyperfine structure and Landé g{sub J} factors are calculated for 127 odd- and even-parity states as well as lifetimes and transition rates between these states. To scrutinize the accuracy of our results, we have implemented parallel calculations using a Flexible Atomic Code (FAC) by introducing the Second-Order Many-Body Perturbation Theory (MBPT) method. Additionally, the Breit interaction and leading quantum electrodynamic effects (QED) are included as perturbations in extensive relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) calculations. We signal that, our calculations for SnXLIX are made for the first time and they provide to date the most accurate and complete atomic data related to this ion.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Symmetry and Shape Coexistence in 10 Be

Within the low-lying spectrum of 10 Be, multiple rotational bands are found, with strikingly different moments of inertia. A proposed interpretation has been that these bands variously represent triaxial rotation and prolate axially-deformed rotation. The bands are well-reproduced in ab initio no-core configuration interaction (NCCI) calculations. Here, we use the calculated wave functions to elucidate the nuclear shapes underlying these bands, by examining the Elliott SU(3) symmetry content of these wave functions. The ab initio results support an interpretation in which the ground-state band, along with an accompanying K = 2 side band, represent a triaxial rotor, arising from an SU(3) irreducible representation in the 0hw space. Then, the lowest excited K = 0 band represents a prolate rotor, arising from an SU(3) irreducible representation in the 2hw space.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Ab initio rotation in 10 Be

Ab initio theory describes nuclei from a fully microscopic formulation, with no presupposition of collective degrees of freedom, yet signatures of clustering and rotation nonetheless arise. We can therefore look to ab initio theory for an understanding of the nature of these emergent phenomena. To probe the nature of rotation in 10 Be, here we observe the predicted rotational spectroscopy from no-core configuration interaction (NCCI) calculations with the Daejeon16 internucleon interaction, and further find spectra suggestive of coexisting rotational structures having qualitatively different intrinsic deformations: one triaxial and the other with large axial deformation arising primarily from the neutrons.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗