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Results for “316 Stainless Steel”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 271 records · Page 15
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Enhanced Filter Material for Pathogen Removal

It was determined that spherical silver (Ag) nanoparticles either bound to 316 stainless-steel filter material or as unbound nanomaterials in deionized water had anti-microbial activity on Escherichia coli K-12 (E. coli) cultures when aerosolized or waterborne. This effect however was attenuated when in the presence of the high-salt growth media. Nanoparticles are known to agglomerate in high salt solutions and this may have limited their ability to cross the cell membrane of the microorganisms and cause fatal damage.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Preliminary HEA Solid Phase Processing Development Report

The development of high temperature fuel cladding materials to withstand a variety of extreme environments have received much attention. Several potential materials systems that have been identified for the fuel systems and core structural materials application in advanced reactor systems are ferritic/martensitic steel (e.g., HT9), austenitic stainless steels (e.g., 316 LN), oxide-dispersion strengthened steels (e.g., 12 YWT), Ni-based alloys and ceramic-based composites depending on the type of the reactors. Though these material systems have promising properties conducive for radiation-resistant performance, they suffer beyond the design-limit from one or more damage processes such as void swelling, radiation embrittlement, phase instability, corrosion, and limited creep life.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2025

In-Situ Process Monitoring Evaluation and Demonstration using Advanced Characterization with Laser Powder Bed Systems

Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s (ORNL) Manufacturing Demonstration Facility (MDF) worked with EOS Group to evaluate the current in-situ sensor capabilities of an EOS M290 Laser Powder Bed Fusion machine. The M290 was fitted with a 1 Mega-Pixel (MP) grayscale visible-light camera and a 5 MP temporally integrated (TI) near-infrared (NIR) camera. One print from stainless steel (SS) 316 and two from Inconel 625 (IN625) were performed where data including in-situ imaging and a machine log file were captured. These data were subsequently analyzed using a Dynamic Multi-Scale Segmentation Convolutional Neural Network (DMSCNN) trained on user defined classes and correlated to as-printed flaws, in the form of porosity, discovered in X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT). In Phase I, two indications were detected in-situ and spatially correlated to stochastic lack-of-fusion flaws discovered using XCT. In Phase II, using these links from in-situ signatures to XCT flaw populations, a second neural network (NN) was trained to create a Voxelized Property Prediction Model (VPPM) to predict porosity percentages within the part using only features garnered from the in-situ data from two IN625 complex geometries. The VPPM was able to accurately predict porosity values for IN625 parts with an R 2 value of 0.764.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

MCPC Characterization Round 2

Characterization data for the MCPC LDRD Agile investment is collected in multiple rounds. Contained herein is data from Round 2 in which eleven distinct samples and one control sample are characterized by five modalities: EBSD, HARDNESS, OPTICAL, SEM, and ULTRASONIC. Data is organized in subdirectories for the five modalities and each one modality containing subdirectories for the datasets and other information.

316 stainless steel↗
DOE OSTI2025

MCPC Characterization Round 3

Characterization data for the MCPC LDRD Agile investment is collected in multiple rounds. Contained herein is data from Round 3 in which eleven distinct samples and one control sample are characterized by five modalities: EBSD, HARDNESS, OPTICAL, SEM, and ULTRASONIC. Data is organized in subdirectories for the five modalities and each one modality containing subdirectories for the datasets and other information.

316 stainless steel↗
DOE OSTI2025

MCPC Friction Stir Welding (FSW) Process Data

Processing parameters and machine log data for the MCPC LDRD Agile investment is collected material samples processed. This dataset captures the selected processing parameters, machine logs captured during material processing, and descriptions of how characterization samples were extracted from processed plates of material. The collect characterization data is captured in other datasets.

316 Stainless Steel↗
DOE OSTI2024

Radio Frequency Properties of a 3D Printed Klystron Circuit

The manufacturing of active RF devices like klystrons is dominated by expensive and time-consuming cycles of machining and brazing. In this article, we characterize the RF properties of X-band klystron cavities and an integrated circuit manufactured with a novel additive manufacturing process. Parts are 3D printed in 316 L stainless steel with direct metal laser sintering, electroplated in copper, and brazed in one simple braze cycle. Stand-alone test cavities and integrated circuit cavities were measured throughout the manufacturing process. The un-tuned cavity frequency varies by less than 5% of the intended frequency, and Q factors reach above 1200. A tuning study was performed, and unoptimized tuning pins achieved a tuning range of 138 MHz without compromising Q. Klystron system performance was simulated with as-built cavity parameters and realistic tuning. Together, these results show promise that this process can be used to cheaply and quickly manufacture a new generation of highly integrated high power vacuum devices.

3D printing↗
NASA NTRS1973

Design and analysis of the radiator structure for space power systems

The design, analysis, fabrication, and development of the 5-kWe radiator structure are shown. Thermal performance, meteoroid protection, structural capability during launch, development testing and space operation, material evaluation, and the configuration selection are described. The fin-tube development program depends on the relative values of the thermal coefficients of expansion. The initial selection of aluminum fins and Type 316 stainless-steel tubes was based on previous experience; however, the large differential in their expansion rates showed that an alternate, more compatible, combination was needed. Copper, stainless-steel-clad copper, boron-impregnated aluminum, and an independent radiator with a titanium structure were all considered as alternate materials. The final selection was Lockalloy fins with Type 304 stainless-steel D tubes.

Dauterman, W. H.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Corrosion of Ferrous Structural Alloys in Biomass Derived Fuels and Organic Acids

This work investigated the corrosivity of biomass-derived liquid fuels and organic acids associated with bio-oils and conducted a corrosion compatibility evaluation of several structural ferrous alloys in the fuels and acids. Here, the acidity parameters and solution conductivity values were higher in raw pyrolysis bio-oils than postprocessed oils with significant corrosion attack for carbon steel and Fe-2.25Cr-1Mo. However, higher-grade stainless steels, ferritic Fe-15Cr (15Cb) and austenitic types 304L and 316L, showed negligible corrosion loss, whereas lower-Cr ferritic grades 409, 410, and 416 were attacked. Metal leaching tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed superior corrosion resistance of 316 over 410 stainless steels in solutions of formic and oxalic acids that can be present in bio-oils. The corrosion evaluation methods utilized in this work provide effective screening tools to identify the compatible structural alloys for bio-oils.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
NASA NTRS1983

Correlations Between Metallurgical Characterization Studies, Exploratory Mechanical Tests, and Continuum Mechanics Approaches to Constitutive Equations

Austenitic stainless steels, such as types 316 and 304, are widely used as pressure vessel materials in the temperature range of 425 to 650 C. Stainless steel specimens were tested to rupture at two different stress levels sigma and sigma 2 sigma 1 sigma 2) to establish the normal stain-time behavior. A subsequent test was performed in which the specimen was crept at the higher stress (sigma 1) to the beginning of the secondary stage of creep, presumed to be the strain/time conditions at which a steady state microstructure is developed, and then the stress was reduced to the lower level (sigma 2). The associated microstructure, and significance of this microstructure on the creep strain-hardening model for variable uniaxial loads were assesed and found to be consistent with the use of creep-recovery models at high stresses and temperatures and strain-hardening models at low stresses and tempertures.

Moteff, J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Subcomponent Validation of Composite Joints for the Marine Energy Advanced Materials Project

The Marine Energy Advanced Materials project is an ongoing multi-year, multi-lab project with the main goals of addressing barriers and uncertainties facing marine energy developers in adopting advanced materials for structural applications. NREL's goals of the project were to address subcomponents testing needs for marine energy materials, to improve understanding of design allowables at the full-scale and provide near net-scale static and fatigue data of composite subcomponents using materials applicable to the marine energy industry. In the long term, the test method development and data generated would be used to inform standards development. This report outlines perhaps one of the largest-scale studies conducted with regards to saltwater conditioning of various composite material subcomponents and their subsequent structural validation, specifically directed at the marine renewable energy industry. A variety of fiberglass composite panels with epoxy and vinyl ester epoxy resin systems were manufactured at Montana State University, which were then used to manufacture an array of different types of subcomponent test specimens at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Flatirons Campus. These subcomponents were in the form of T-bolt and double-ended-insert specimens, which were intended to represent bonded and mechanical bolted connections for thick composite laminates, metal-metal and composite lap shear specimens to evaluate adhesion of constituent materials, and adhesive beam-shear specimens as part of an effort to better evaluate the characteristics of thick adhesive bondlines. Overall, the materials used were fiberglass reinforced epoxy and vinyl ester matrix composites, epoxy and methacrylate adhesives, and 316 and 2507 stainless steels. Specimens were then conditioned in salt water at various temperatures and for various periods of time at Florida Atlantic University and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. All specimens were then mechanically characterized and validated using various test methods under static and fatigue loading conditions at NREL's Structural Technology Laboratory. Throughout the conditioning and mechanical validation process, valuable experience was gained, which will help guide future test method development for marine energy materials. In many instances, the results indicated similar observations as to what had been observed during previous coupon scale characterization efforts that provided a vital understanding of the scale up process. However in some instances, unexpected phenomena were observed, such as interactions between the adhesives and 316 steel. Furthermore, some materials exhibited significant degradation due to the saltwater conditioning. Ultimately, this report provides a detailed summary of the specimens that were designed, the subcomponent test methods that were developed, and the results that were generated, which will serve as important guidance for marine renewable energy developers and researchers for future structural designs and validation.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2021

FLiBe Capsule Testing of 316H

This milestone was originally envisioned for completion in FY20 and was delayed due to the COVID-19 response and lack of FLiBe salt. In March 2021, FLiBe salt was received from Kairos Power. The nine capsule experiments with type 316H stainless steel specimens and 316 capsules were completed at 550° and 650°C for 1000 h to bracket the conditions expected in the subsequent thermal convection loop (TCL) experiment. In three capsules, Be metal was added for redox control. The specimen mass losses were low, similar to those observed previously for FLiNaK salt and the addition of Be reduced the average mass loss. Initial characterization suggested that some reaction with Be may have occurred. Therefore, Be was not included in the TCL experiment.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

A mechanistic model for creep and thermal aging in Alloy 709

This report describes a physics-based model for creep and thermal aging in Alloy 709. Alloy 709 is an advanced austenitic alloy, targeted for use in future Sodium Fast Reactors (SFRs) and other advanced reactors. The material has superior high temperature properties compared to currently qualified 316 and 304 stainless steels. However, the available creep and thermal aging test database for Alloy 709 is significantly more limited compared to the historical materials. The physics-based model developed here is one way to accelerate the qualification of the material by providing more accurate long-term predictions for creep properties and thermal aging, compared to current empirical time-extrapolate techniques. The crystal plasticity finite element model is used to predict the deformation and failure of alloy 709. The same setup for the CPFE model is used in both the baseline model calibration process and the simulation campaigns for parameter inference. Specific constitutive choices are made for Alloy 709 to capture the primary deformation mechanisms. The dislocation creep formulation developed by Hu and Cocks is extended to account for coupled precipitation formation and the grain boundary cavitation model developed by Sham, Needleman, et al. is used to model grain boundary cavitation-induced failure. A novel update algorithm is proposed to render the semi-discrete constitutive update for the Sham-Needleman model unconditionally stable. A progressive calibration approach is adopted based on the observations that several types of material responses can be effectively decoupled. A surrogate model is trained based on full-fledged CPFE simulations to accelerate the forward model evaluations, and stochastic variational inference (SVI) is used to calibrate the unknown microstructural model parameters. The calibrated mechanistic model is used to predict the long-term creep life of Alloy 709, and the predictions are compared against classical empirical approaches.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Towards Portable Laser Desorption Postionization Mass Spectrometry Utilizing Microchip Laser Pulses

A 355 nm, 1.5 ns, up to 1 kHz microchip laser system has been tested to both yield ablation spots and postionize material within a plasma plume. A 30 µJ pulse energy microchip laser successfully ablated all samples: 6601 aluminum, 316 and 304 stainless steel, and Mo metal. While visible ablation craters were observed on all samples mentioned above, the stainless-steel samples displayed visible color changes in the resolidified iron, indicating ionization with the 355 nm pulses during ablation. Additionally, when used to intercept a plasma plume of Cs 2 CO 3 made with a separate laser system, the microchip laser pulses yielded Cs + emission signal otherwise not observed. With these experiments completed, the microchip laser has been successfully verified for readiness to be integrated into the front end of a mass spectrometer system as the ion source.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1983

Development of a Polysilicon Process Based on Chemical Vapor Deposition of Dichlorosilane in an Advanced Siemen's Reactor

Dichlorosilane (DCS) was used as the feedstock for an advanced decomposition reactor for silicon production. The advanced reactor had a cool bell jar wall temperature, 300 C, when compared to Siemen's reactors previously used for DCS decomposition. Previous reactors had bell jar wall temperatures of approximately 750 C. The cooler wall temperature allows higher DCS flow rates and concentrations. A silicon deposition rate of 2.28 gm/hr-cm was achieved with power consumption of 59 kWh/kg. Interpretation of data suggests that a 2.8 gm/hr-cm deposition rate is possible. Screening of lower cost materials of construction was done as a separate program segment. Stainless Steel (304 and 316), Hastalloy B, Monel 400 and 1010-Carbon Steel were placed individually in an experimental scale reactor. Silicon was deposited from trichlorosilane feedstock. The resultant silicon was analyzed for electrically active and metallic impurities as well as carbon. No material contributed significant amounts of electrically active or metallic impurities, but all contributed carbon.

Arevidson, A. N.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Hydrogen Peroxide as a Method for Bioburden Reduction in Facilities with Strict Materials Requirements.

The cleanrooms used to curate NASA’s Astromaterials samples are carefully monitored for particulate and inorganic contamination. The clean labs also have a very limited set of acceptable materials and cleaning agents to further minimize the potential for contamination. Labs are cleaned primarily with isopropyl alcohol. Astromaterials samples are handled with tools made of stainless steel (304 or 316), Teflon, or aluminum alloy (6061). Although our current collections are not particularly susceptible to biological alteration or organic contamination, this will not be the case for new collections from the OSIRIS-REx mission, Hayabusa2, and from Mars Sample Return. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and test methods to reduce the bioburden in astromaterials cleanrooms without introducing unwanted contaminants. We will report on the results of three case studies where 7.5 wt% hydrogen peroxide was prepared from a stock solution of ultrapure 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide (JT Baker) using curation-grade ultrapure water. We followed CDC (Center for Disease Control) guidelines for using hydrogen peroxide as a high level disinfectant. This solution was used to clean a glovebox prior to processing Apollo samples, as well as surfaces in the Antarctic meteorite processing lab and Stardust lab after facilities monitoring indicated an unwanted increase in bioburden. In all three instances, the culturable bioburden was significantly reduced after a 30 min. exposure to the 7.5% hydrogen peroxide solution without a corresponding increase in inorganic or organic contamination. We observed 77 to 100% reductions in the bioburden recovery rate. In one case study, we also performed amplicon DNA sequencing on samples collected from the surfaces before and after cleaning. We observed a significant change in microbial community composition after peroxide cleaning. These results suggest that routine cleaning with hydrogen peroxide could be an effective way to control bioburden in astromaterials cleanrooms and other facilities with strict contamination control requirements.

A B Regberg↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Hydrogen Peroxide as a Method for Bioburden Reduction in Facilities with Strict Materials Requirements

The cleanrooms used to curate NASA’s Astromaterials samples are carefully monitored for particulate and inorganic contamination. The clean labs also have a very limited set of acceptable materials and cleaning agents to further minimize the potential for contamination. Labs are cleaned primarily with isopropyl alcohol. Astromaterials samples are handled with tools made of stainless steel (304 or 316), Teflon, or aluminum alloy (6061). Although our current collections are not particularly susceptible to biological alteration or organic contamination, this will not be the case for new collections from the OSIRIS-REx mission, Hayabusa2, and from Mars Sample Return. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and test methods to reduce the bioburden in astromaterials cleanrooms without introducing unwanted contaminants. We will report on the results of three case studies where 7.5 wt% hydrogen peroxide was prepared from a stock solution of ultrapure 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide (JT Baker) using curation-grade ultrapure water. We followed CDC (Center for Disease Control) guidelines for using hydrogen peroxide as a high level disinfectant. This solution was used to clean a glovebox prior to processing Apollo samples, as well as surfaces in the Antarctic meteorite processing lab and Stardust lab after facilities monitoring indicated an unwanted increase in bioburden. In all three instances, the culturable bioburden was significantly reduced after a 30 min. exposure to the 7.5% hydrogen peroxide solution without a corresponding increase in inorganic or organic contamination. We observed 77 to 100% reductions in the bioburden recovery rate. In one case study, we also performed amplicon DNA sequencing on samples collected from the surfaces before and after cleaning. We observed a significant change in microbial community composition after peroxide cleaning. These results suggest that routine cleaning with hydrogen peroxide could be an effective way to control bioburden in astromaterials cleanrooms and other facilities with strict contamination control requirements.

A B Regberg↗