Simulation studies of some supersonic transport instrumentation requirements and operating problems
Supersonic transport instrumentation and flight simulation
Silsby, N. S.↗
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A simulation study exploring the effects of sensor spatial resolution on estimates of cloud cover from satellites
Simulation of sensor spatial resolution effects on estimates of cloud cover from satellites
Salomonson, V. V.↗
A simulator study of the interaction of pilot workload with errors, vigilance, and decisions
A full mission simulation of a civil air transport scenario that had two levels of workload was used to observe the actions of the crews and the basic aircraft parameters and to record heart rates. The results showed that the number of errors was very variable among crews but the mean increased in the higher workload case. The increase in errors was not related to rise in heart rate but was associated with vigilance times as well as the days since the last flight. The recorded data also made it possible to investigate decision time and decision order. These also varied among crews and seemed related to the ability of captains to manage the resources available to them on the flight deck.
Smith, H. P. R.↗
Cockpit simulation study of use of flight path angle for instrument approaches
The results of a piloted simulation experiment to evaluate the effect of integrating flight path angle information into a typical transport electronic attitude director indicator display format for flight director instrument landing system approaches are presented. Three electronic display formats are evaluated during 3 deg straight-in approaches with wind shear and turbulence conditions. Flight path tracking data and pilot subjective comments are analyzed with regard to the pilot's tracking performance and workload for all three display formats.
Hanisch, B.↗
Simulation studies of alternate longitudinal control systems for the space shuttle orbiter in the landing regime
Simulations of the space shuttle orbiter in the landing task were conducted by the NASA Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility using the Ames Research Center vertical motion simulator (VMS) and the total in-flight simulator (TIFS) variable-stability aircraft. Several new control systems designed to improve the orbiter longitudinal response characteristics were investigated. These systems improved the flightpath response by increasing the amount of pitch-rate overshoot. Reduction in the overall time delay was also investigated. During these evaluations, different preferences were noted for the baseline or the new systems depending on the pilot background. The trained astronauts were quite proficient with the baseline system and found the new systems to be less desirable than the baseline. On the other hand, the pilots without extensive flight training with the orbiter had a strong preference for the new systems. This paper presents the results of the VMS and TIFS simulations. A hypothesis is presented regarding the control strategies of the two pilot groups and how this influenced their control systems preferences. Interpretations of these control strategies are made in terms of open-loop aircraft response characteristics as well as pilot-vehicle closed-loop characteristics.
Powers, B. G.↗
Simulation studies of alternate longitudinal control systems for the Space Shuttle Orbiter in the landing regime
Simulations of the Space Shuttle Orbiter in the landing task were conducted by the NASA Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility using the Ames Research center vertical motion simulation (VMS) and the total in-flight simulator (TIFS) variable-stability aircraft. Several new control systems designed to improve the orbiter longitudinal response characteristics were investigated. These systems improved the flightpath response by increasing the amount of pitch-rate overshoot. Reduction in the overall time delay was also investigated. During these evaluations, different preferences were noted for the baseline or the new systems depending on the pilot background. The trained astronauts were quite proficient with the baseline system and found the new systems to be less desirable than the baseline. On the other hand, the pilots without extensive flight training with the Orbiter had a strong preference for the new systems. This paper presents the results of the VMS and TIFS simulations. A hypothesis is presented regarding the control strategies of the two pilot groups and how this influenced their control system preferences. Interpretations of these control strategies are made in terms of open-loop aircraft response characteristics as well as pilot-vehicle closed-loop characteristics.
Powers, B. G.↗
A simulation study of the flight dynamics of elastic aircraft. Volume 1: Experiment, results and analysis
The simulation experiment described addresses the effects of structural flexibility on the dynamic characteristics of a generic family of aircraft. The simulation was performed using the NASA Langley VMS simulation facility. The vehicle models were obtained as part of this research. The simulation results include complete response data and subjective pilot ratings and comments and so allow a variety of analyses. The subjective ratings and analysis of the time histories indicate that increased flexibility can lead to increased tracking errors, degraded handling qualities, and changes in the frequency content of the pilot inputs. These results, furthermore, are significantly affected by the visual cues available to the pilot.
Waszak, Martin R.↗
Simulation studies for the NASA scatterometer on NROSS
A methodology for the design of a spaceborne radar scatterometer system configuration which includes parameters such as antenna pointing angles, antenna azimuth angles, antenna polarization, and measurement swath locations is presented. The methodology was applied to the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT). The performance tradeoff studies on the NSCAT system configuration required development of a computer simulation to estimate wind retrieval accuracy for a given system configuration; and a series of metrics to quantify the simulation results and allow direct comparison of the performance for different configurations.
Chi, Chong-Yung↗
A simulator study of the supersonic transport in the air traffic control system
Real time environment and control simulation of supersonic transport in air traffic control system
ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION↗
Analysis and prediction of performance of a digital computer facility for flight simulation studies
Analysis and performance prediction of digital computer facility servicing nonpredictable, randomly varying load in flight simulation
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION↗
A simulated study of manual control techniques for the concentrated flight plan of lunar orbit rendezvous - Project Apollo
Simulation of manual control techniques for concentric flight plan of LEM/CSM lunar orbit rendezvous
Simpson, R. W.↗
Simulation study of the power of the Kolmogoroff-Smirnoff and Z tests for the exponential distribution
Simulation tests were carried out to compare the power of the Kolmogoroff-Smirnoff and Z tests for the exponential distribution against a wide range of alternative distributions. The results indicate that both tests should be used for applications for which detailed knowledge regarding the possible classes of alternative distributions is lacking.
Gayle, J. B.↗
Simulation study of the effect of fuel-conservative approaches on ATC procedures and terminal area capacity
Fuel-conservative procedures have been investigated using real-time air traffic control simulations linked to two piloted simulators. The fuel-conservative procedures studied were profile descents and two types of landing approaches. The investigation determined the effect of these procedures on the ATC system and terminal area capacity. It examined the mixing of aircraft executing fuel-conservative approaches with those executing conventional approaches. The results indicate a systems fuel savings for the landing approaches under all tested conditions except at, or near, maximum system capacity. Also, there is a fuel savings and reduced controller workload for the profile descent procedures.
Tobias, L.↗
A Software Simulation Study of a Sequential Decoder Using the Fano Algorithm
A set of subroutines was developed to simulate the performance of a sequential decoder based on the Fano algorithm. This simulation can be used to verify the coding performance of the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) communication link. The probability of frame deletion can be measured as a function of the number of computations allowed per frame and of E(b)/N(o). Both hard and soft quantized inputs are considered.
Pollara, F.↗
Simulation studies of plasma waves in the electron foreshock - The transition from reactive to kinetic instability
Particle simulation experiments were used to analyze the electron beam-plasma instability. It is shown that there is a transition from the reactive state of the electron beam-plasma instability to the kinetic instability of Langmuir waves. Quantitative tests, which include an evaluation of the dispersion relation for the evolving non-Maxwellian beam distribution, show that a quasi-linear theory describes the onset of this transition and applies again fully to the kinetic stage. This stage is practically identical to the late stage seen in simulations of plasma waves in the electron foreshock described by Dum (1990).
Dum, C. T.↗
Simulator Study of Lunar Orbit Establishment
The film was made using the Lunar Orbit and Landing Approach Simulator (LOLA). It represents the view an astronaut would see if he were looking toward the lunar horizon just prior to and during retrofire for orbit establishment. During this period the astronaut is essentially flying backward, therefore the lunar surface features appear to be moving away during the flight.
[Division] SMD Space Analysis↗
Dynamic modelling and simulation study for the Galileo spacecraft pulsed-mode spinup/400 N main engine burn/spindown maneuvers
Two Galileo dynamic models were developed to simulate the spinup, the main engine burn and the spindown maneuvers for the critical events of the Jupiter orbit insertion and perijove raise maneuver. The dynamic interaction between the spin thruster pulsing frequency, the science magnetometer boom flexible modes and the propellant slosh modes were studied. The prediction of safe orbit insertion was validated in flight. For the perijove raise maneuver, the simulation results indicated that propellant unporting would occur if the original spin thruster duty cycle was not updated. Based on further simulation results, a new duty cycle was selected to prevent propellant unporting. Subsequent Galileo flight data indicated that the perijove raise maneuver was successfully executed.
Ih, Che-Hang Charles↗
Simulation studies of the impact of future observing systems on weather prediction
The features and preliminary results from a simulation system being implemented to develop realistic estimates of the impacts future data acquisition systems will have on large-scale numerical weather simulation are described. The new instruments may include advanced passive IR and microwave satellite sensors, as well as active scatterometer and lidar sounders. A main goal of the impact study is to identify those sensor systems which will provide the most benefit. The realism of the study is being enhanced by assimilating as much real-world data as possible and generating global weather maps for comparison with maps generated on the bases on the projected new, higher resolution data. Early results have indicated a preference for higher resolution wind data than for temperature data for making 1-5 day forecasts. The prime instrument candidate for collecting the data is lidar, provided the sensor resolution design goals are met.
Atlas, R.↗