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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2013

Planar Superconducting Millimeter-Wave/Terahertz Channelizing Filter

This innovation is a compact, superconducting, channelizing bandpass filter on a single-crystal (0.45 m thick) silicon substrate, which operates from 300 to 600 GHz. This device consists of four channels with center frequencies of 310, 380, 460, and 550 GHz, with approximately 50-GHz bandwidth per channel. The filter concept is inspired by the mammalian cochlea, which is a channelizing filter that covers three decades of bandwidth and 3,000 channels in a very small physical space. By using a simplified physical cochlear model, and its electrical analog of a channelizing filter covering multiple octaves bandwidth, a large number of output channels with high inter-channel isolation and high-order upper stopband response can be designed. A channelizing filter is a critical component used in spectrometer instruments that measure the intensity of light at various frequencies. This embodiment was designed for MicroSpec in order to increase the resolution of the instrument (with four channels, the resolution will be increased by a factor of four). MicroSpec is a revolutionary wafer-scale spectrometer that is intended for the SPICA (Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics) Mission. In addition to being a vital component of MicroSpec, the channelizing filter itself is a low-resolution spectrometer when integrated with only an antenna at its input, and a detector at each channel s output. During the design process for this filter, the available characteristic impedances, possible lumped element ranges, and fabrication tolerances were identified for design on a very thin silicon substrate. Iterations between full-wave and lumped-element circuit simulations were performed. Each channel s circuit was designed based on the availability of characteristic impedances and lumped element ranges. This design was based on a tabular type bandpass filter with no spurious harmonic response. Extensive electromagnetic modeling for each channel was performed. Four channels, with 50-GHz bandwidth, were designed, each using multiple transmission line media such as microstrip, coplanar waveguide, and quasi-lumped components on 0.45- m thick silicon. In the design process, modeling issues had to be overcome. Due to the extremely high frequencies, very thin Si substrate, and the superconducting metal layers, most commercially available software fails in various ways. These issues were mitigated by using alternative software that was capable of handling them at the expense of greater simulation time. The design of on-chip components for the filter characterization, such as a broadband antenna, Wilkinson power dividers, attenuators, detectors, and transitions has been completed.

Ehsan, Negar↗
NASA NTRS2001

An Investigation of the Influence of Urban Areas on Rainfall Using a Cloud-Mesoscale Model and the TRMM Satellite

A recent paper by Shepherd and Pierce (conditionally accepted to Journal of Applied Meteorology) used rainfall data from the Precipitation Radar on NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's (TRMM) satellite to identify warm season rainfall anomalies downwind of major urban areas. A convective-mesoscale model with extensive land-surface processes is employed to (a) determine if an urban heat island (UHI) thermal perturbation can induce a dynamic response to affect rainfall processes and (b) quantify the impact of the following three factors on the evolution of rainfall: (1) urban surface roughness, (2) magnitude of the UHI temperature anomaly, and (3) physical size of the UHI temperature anomaly. The sensitivity experiments are achieved by inserting a slab of land with urban properties (e.g. roughness length, albedo, thermal character) within a rural surface environment and varying the appropriate lower boundary condition parameters. Early analysis suggests that urban surface roughness (through turbulence and low-level convergence) may control timing and initial location of UHI-induced convection. The magnitude of the heat island appears to be closely linked to the total rainfall amount with minor impact on timing and location. The physical size of the city may predominantly impact on the location of UHI-induced rainfall anomaly. The UHI factor parameter space will be thoroughly investigated with respect to their effects on rainfall amount, location, and timing. This study extends prior numerical investigations of the impact of urban surfaces on meteorological processes, particularly rainfall development. The work also contains several novel aspects, including the application of a high-resolution (less than I km) cloud-mesoscale model to investigate urban-induce rainfall process; investigation of thermal magnitude of the UHI on rainfall process; and investigation of UHI physical size on rainfall processes.

Shepherd, J. Marshall↗
NASA NTRS1973

Development of the propulsion subsystem for the Viking 75 Orbiter

The development of the Viking 75 Orbiter propulsion subsystem has been completed and qualification is under way. This development required an extension of the Mariner Mars 1971 propulsion subsystem technology to meet the Viking 75 requirements of three times the burn time and five times the number of burns. Modifications have been incorporated into the rocket engine to increase the cooling margin for the 2700-second Mars orbit insertion burn. This capability has been demonstrated in both engine firings and subsystem tests. A new surface tension device has been developed to position the propellants (N2O4 and MMH) over the tank outlets during zero-g flight. Extensive scale model testing has been conducted to prove this propellant management concept. This subsystem will provide midcourse corrections, an orbit insertion burn and 20 orbit trims for the Viking 75 Spacecraft. The Viking Project is managed by the Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Vote, F. C.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Volumetric pattern analysis of fuselage-mounted airborne antennas

A volumetric pattern analysis of fuselage-mounted airborne antennas at high frequencies was investigated. The primary goal of the investigation was to develop a numerical solution for predicting radiation patterns of airborne antennas in an accurate and efficient manner. An analytical study of airborne antenna pattern problems is presented in which the antenna is mounted on the fuselage near the top or bottom. Since this is a study of general-type commercial aircraft, the aircraft was modeled in its most basic form. The fuselage was assumed to be an infinitely long perfectly conducting elliptic cylinder in its cross-section and a composite elliptic cylinder in its elevation profile. The wing, cockpit, stabilizers (horizontal and vertical) and landing gear are modeled by "N" sided bent or flat plates which can be arbitrarily attached to the fuselage. The volumetric solution developed utilizes two elliptic cylinders, namely, the roll plane and elevation plane models to approximate the principal surface profile (longitudinal and transverse) at the antenna location. With the belt concept and the aid of appropriate coordinate system transformations the solution can be used to predict the volumetric patterns of airborne antennas in an accurate and efficient manner. Applications of this solution to various airborne antenna problems show good agreement with scale model measurements. Extensive data are presented for a microwave landing antenna system.

Yu, C. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Confined Turbulent Swirling Recirculating Flow Predictions

Turbulent swirling flow, the STARPIC computer code, turbulence modeling of turbulent flows, the k-xi turbulence model and extensions, turbulence parameters deduction from swirling confined flow measurements, extension of the k-xi to confined swirling recirculating flows, and general predictions for confined turbulent swirling flow are discussed.

Abujelala, M. T.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Advances in electrophoretic separations

Free fluid electrophoresis is described using laboratory and space experiments combined with extensive mathematical modeling. Buoyancy driven convective flows due to thermal and concentration gradients are absent in the reduced gravity environment of space. The elimination of convection in weightlessness offers possible improvements in electrophoresis and other separation methods which occur in fluid media. The mathematical modeling suggests new ways of doing electrophoresis in space and explains various phenomena observed during past experiments. The extent to which ground based separation techniques are limited by gravity induced convection is investigated and space experiments are designed to evaluate specific characteristics of the fluid/particle environment. A series of experiments are proposed that require weightlessness and apparatus is developed that can be used to carry out these experiments in the near future.

Snyder, R. S.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Discharge pulse phenomenology

A model was developed which places radiation induced discharge pulse results into a unified conceptual framework. Only two phenomena are required to interpret all space and laboratory results: (1) radiation produces large electrostatic fields inside insulators via the trapping of a net space charge density; and (2) the electrostatic fields initiate discharge streamer plasmas similar to those investigated in high voltage electrical insulation materials; these streamer plasmas generate the pulsing phenomena. The apparent variability and diversity of results seen is an inherent feature of the plasma streamer mechanism acting in the electric fields which is created by irradiation of the dielectrics. The implications of the model are extensive and lead to constraints over what can be done about spacecraft pulsing.

Frederickson, A. R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The use of analogs in the innovation process - A software engineering protocol analysis

A human information processing account of how experienced practitioners utilize analogs in the innovation process is presented. The protocols of several practitioners are collected and analyzed. The problem behavior graphs, knowledge elements utilized, and operator elements applied are described, and a descriptive model of the innovation process is assembled. Implications for a production system, deviations from other models of the innovation process, and extensions to other models of the analogy procedure are explored.

Silverman, B. G.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Extension of continental lithosphere - A model for two scales of basin and range deformation

The development of a model for deformation in an extending continental lithosphere that is stratified in density and strength is described. The lithosphere model demonstrates that the necking instabilities at two wavelengths originate due to a strong upper crust, a mantle layer, and a weak lower crust. It is observed that the dominant wavelengths of necking are controlled by layer thickness and the strength of the layers control the amplitude of the instabilities. The model is applied to the Basin and Range Province of the western U.S. where deformations in ranges and tile domains are detected. The relation between the Bouguer gravity anomaly and the deformations is studied. The data reveal that the horizontal scale of short wavelength necking correlates with the spacings of individual basins and ranges, and the longer wavelength corresponds to the width of tilt domains. The control of the Basin and Range deformation by two scales of extensional instability is proposed.

Zuber, M. T.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Constitutive modeling for isotropic materials

Constitutive theories were evaluated against a large uniaxial and multiaxial data base that was generated as part of this work. The experimental approach was to determine the constitutive behavior of Rene 80 under a multitude of conditions that are important in the design of gas turbine blades and vanes. The experimental and analytical goals of this program were successfully accomplished. A new multiaxial constitutive model which can represent the complex nonlinear high temperature behavior of Rene 80 was developed. The model was extensively verified on data at several temperatures.

Ramaswamy, V. G.↗
NASA NTRS1988

An illustration of the complexity of continent formation

It was pointed out that a consensus may be emerging in crustal growth models, considering the clustering of most growth curves and their uncertainties. Curves most distant from this clustering represent models involving extensive recycling of continental material back into the mantle, but the author wondered if geochemical signatures for this would be recognizable considering the lack of evidence from seismic tomography for discrete mantle reservoirs, and the likelihood of core-mantle interaction based on recent high pressure experiments. Unreactivated Archean rocks represent only 2 percent of present continental area, and the author was uncomfortable about basing inferences on what the early Earth was like on such a small amount of information. He feels that the hypothesis of continental assembly that needs testing is that of banging together of island arcs, such as in Indonesia today. As an example of how complex this process can be, the author described the geology of the Caribbean arc system, which shows evidence for reversals of subduction polarity, numerous collisional events, and substantial strike-slip movements. It seemed unlikely to the author that Archean examples would have been less complicated.

Burke, Kevin↗
NASA NTRS1987

Solid hydrocarbon aerosols produced in simulated Uranian and Neptunian stratospheres

Solid hydrocarbon films were deposited in an RF plasma discharge of various CH4/H2/He mixtures under conditions simulating the formation of solid aerosols by magnetospheric charged particles in the stratospheres of Uranus and Neptune. The percentage of CH4 ranged from 0.0002 to 100 percent; the pressure in the discharge chamber was either 130 or 660 microbar; and the films produced were yellow to deep red-brown in color and 2-25 microns thick. The real and imaginary parts of the refractive index at wavelengths from 350 nm to 2.5 microns were determined for all the films, and the results are compared with observational data and the predictions of theoretical models in extensive tables and graphs. Good agreement is demonstrated, suggesting that aerosol production by this mechanism may be competitive with UV or charged-particle irradiation of hydrocarbon condensates.

Khare, B. N.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Algorithms for adaptive control of two-arm flexible manipulators under uncertainty

A nonlinear extension of model reference adaptive control (MRAC) technique is used to guide a double arm nonlinearizable robot manipulator with flexible links, driven by actuators collocated with joints subject to uncertain payload and inertia. The objective is to track a given simple linear and rigid but compatible dynamical model in real, possible stipulated time and within stipulated degree of accuracy of convergence while avoiding collision of the arms. The objective is attained by a specified signal adaptive feedback controller and by adaptive laws, both given in closed form. A case of 4 DOF manipulator illustrates the technique.

Skowronski, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1989

A method for interactive satellite failure diagnosis: Towards a connectionist solution

Various kinds of processes which allow one to make a diagnosis are analyzed. The analyses then focuses on one of these processes used for satellite failure diagnosis. This process consists of sending the satellite instructions about system status alterations: to mask the effects of one possible component failure or to look for additional abnormal measures. A formal model of this process is given. This model is an extension of a previously defined connectionist model which allows computation of ratios between the likelihoods of observed manifestations according to various diagnostic hypotheses. The expected mean value of these likelihood measures for each possible status of the satellite can be computed in a similar way. Therefore, it is possible to select the most appropriate status according to three different purposes: to confirm an hypothesis, to eliminate an hypothesis, or to choose between two hypotheses. Finally, a first connectionist schema of computation of these expected mean values is given.

Bourret, P.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Mach 5 inlet CFD and experimental results

An experimental research program was conducted in the NASA Lewis Research Center 10 x 10 ft supersonic wind tunnel. The 2-D inlet model was designed to study the Mach 3.0 to 5.0 speed range for an over-under turbojet plus ramjet propulsion system. The model was extensively instrumented to provide both analytical code validation data as well as inlet performance information. Support studies for the program include flow field predictions with both 3-D parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) and 3-D full Navier-Stokes (FNS) analytical codes. Analytical predictions and experimental results are compared.

Weir, Lois J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Mach 5 inlet CFD and experimental results

An experimental research program was conducted in the NASA Lewis Research Center 10 ft. by 10 ft. supersonic wind tunnel. The two-dimensional inlet model was designed to study the Mach 3.0 to 5.0 speed range for an 'over-under' turbojet plus ramjet propulsion system. The model was extensively instrumented to provide both analytical code validation data as well as inlet performance information. Support studies for the program include flow field predictions with both three-dimensional parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) and three-dimensional full Navier-Stokes (FNS) analytical codes. Analytical predictions and experimental results are compared.

Weir, Lois J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Viscosity measurements at high temperature and high pressure: A novel technique

The extensive numerical modelling of transport phenomena was performed for the melt growth of mercury cadmium telluride. To increase the fidelity of modelling the kinematic viscosity of liquid Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Te was determined at various compositions in the range of x between 0 and 0.2 and at temperatures around and below the respective melting point. The phase diagram of Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Te shows that for this range the melting point varies from 670 C for pure HgTe to 790 C at x=0.2. The vapor pressure above the melt varies correspondingly from 15 to about 40 atm. Hence, the measurement of viscosities in this system requires a technique that allows for combinations of high temperatures and pressures. In addition, a closed isothermal system is required. The high pressure melt container must also be inert to molten Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Te to avoid possible errors from contamination of the liquid. A novel technique that largely circumvents the above experimental problems is described. Its theory is also presented.

Jin, Wei-Qing↗