Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “information storage”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1982

Infrared remote sensing of the vertical and horizontal distribution of clouds

An algorithm has been developed to derive the horizontal and vertical distribution of clouds from the same set of infrared radiance data used to retrieve atmospheric temperature profiles. The method leads to the determination of the vertical atmospheric temperature structure and the cloud distribution simultaneously, providing information on heat sources and sinks, storage rates and transport phenomena in the atmosphere. Experimental verification of this algorithm was obtained using the 15-micron data measured by the NOAA-VTPR temperature sounder. After correcting for water vapor emission, the results show that the cloud cover derived from 15-micron data is less than that obtained from visible data.

Chahine, M. T.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The NASA Aerospace Battery Safety Handbook

This handbook has been written for the purpose of acquainting those involved with batteries with the information necessary for the safe handling, storage, and disposal of these energy storage devices. Included in the document is a discussion of the cell and battery design considerations and the role of the components within a cell. The cell and battery hazards are related to user- and/or manufacturer-induced causes. The Johnson Space Center (JSC) Payload Safety Guidelines for battery use in Shuttle applications are also provided. The electrochemical systems are divided into zinc anode and lithium anode primaries, secondary cells, and fuel cells. Each system is briefly described, typical applications are given, advantages and disadvantages are tabulated, and most importantly, safety hazards associated with its use are given.

Halpert, Gerald↗
NASA NTRS1988

In-reach and out-reach programs

Information is given in viewgraph form on in-reach and out-reach programs in in-space technology experiments. Information is given on thermal energy storage materials technology, industry/university in-space technology experiments, heat pipe performance, working fluid behavior, a tank pressure control experiment, spacecraft glow, the Mid-Deck Zero-Gravity Dynamics Experiment, and emulsion chamber technology.

Pyle, Jon S.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Space data management at the NSSDC (National Space Sciences Data Center): Applications for data compression

The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC), established in 1966, is the largest archive for processed data from NASA's space and Earth science missions. The NSSDC manages over 120,000 data tapes with over 4,000 data sets. The size of the digital archive is approximately 6,000 gigabytes with all of this data in its original uncompressed form. By 1995 the NSSDC digital archive is expected to more than quadruple in size reaching over 28,000 gigabytes. The NSSDC digital archive is expected to more than quadruple in size reaching over 28,000 gigabytes. The NSSDC is beginning several thrusts allowing it to better serve the scientific community and keep up with managing the ever increasing volumes of data. These thrusts involve managing larger and larger amounts of information and data online, employing mass storage techniques, and the use of low rate communications networks to move requested data to remote sites in the United States, Europe and Canada. The success of these thrusts, combined with the tremendous volume of data expected to be archived at the NSSDC, clearly indicates that innovative storage and data management solutions must be sought and implemented. Although not presently used, data compression techniques may be a very important tool for managing a large fraction or all of the NSSDC archive in the future. Some future applications would consist of compressing online data in order to have more data readily available, compress requested data that must be moved over low rate ground networks, and compress all the digital data in the NSSDC archive for a cost effective backup that would be used only in the event of a disaster.

Green, James L.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Multipoint measurements of magnetotail dynamics

The role of multipoint spacecraft measurements in revealing the morphology of magnetospheric substorm is described. Information has been provided on the storage of energy in the tail during the growth phase, the thinning of the plasma sheet relative to onset, reconfiguration and energy loss after onset, and how these phenomena are controlled by the IMF. Smaller-scale phenomena that need to be observed on finer time scales and detected in more limited spatial regions were studied by ISEE 1 and 2 and a number of spacecraft near geosyncronous orbit.

Fairfield, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Implementations of learning control systems using neural networks

The systematic storage in neural networks of prior information to be used in the design of various control subsystems is investigated. Assuming that the prior information is available in a certain form (namely, input/output data points and specifications between the data points), a particular neural network and a corresponding parameter design method are introduced. The proposed neural network addresses the issue of effectively using prior information in the areas of dynamical system (plant and controller) modeling, fault detection and identification, information extraction, and control law scheduling.

Sartori, Michael A.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Characterization of Regolith Volatile Transport and Storage Properties by The MECA MSP 2001 Lander Payload

The diffusive and adsorptive properties of the Martian regolith influence the exchange of volatiles between the atmosphere and subsurface. Our quantitative knowledge of these properties is extremely poor -introducing substantial uncertainties in efforts to model long-term evolution of ground ice and diurnal, seasonal, and climatic cycles of CO2 and H20. This situation should significantly improve upon arrival of the 2001 Mars Surveyor Lander in 2002. In support of the Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS) enterprise, the 2001 mission will include a suite of instruments to characterize the nature of the Martian environment and assess whether it contains hazards that may threaten future human exploration. A major element of this effort is the Mars Environmental Compatibility Assessment (MECA) payload, which consists an optical microscopy system incorporating electrostatic, magnetic, and scratch-hardness materials testing palets, an atomic force microscope with imaging capabilities comparable to an SEM, a wet chemistry laboratory with four independent test cells, an electrometer on the robotic arm, material test patches, a camera also mounted on the arm, and a soil scoop for excavating down to about 50 cm into the soil. Although conceived to address the needs of HEDS, MECA payload is a sophisticated soil science laboratory that should provide a wealth of new data relevant to the volatile transport and storage properties of the regolith. Additional information os contained in the original.

Clifford, S. M.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Compact Multimedia Systems in Multi-chip Module Technology

This tutorial paper shows advanced multimedia system designs based on multi-chip module (MCM) technologies that provide essential computing, compression, communication, and storage capabilities for various large scale information highway applications.!.

Multi-Chip Module Technology↗
NASA NTRS2004

Basin Scale Estimates of Evapotranspiration Using GRACE and other Observations

Evapotranspiration is integral to studies of the Earth system, yet it is difficult to measure on regional scales. One estimation technique is a terrestrial water budget, i.e., total precipitation minus the sum of evapotranspiration and net runoff equals the change in water storage. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravity observations are now enabling closure of this equation by providing the terrestrial water storage change. Equations are presented here for estimating evapotranspiration using observation based information, taking into account the unique nature of GRACE observations. GRACE water storage changes are first substantiated by comparing with results from a land surface model and a combined atmospheric-terrestrial water budget approach. Evapotranspiration is then estimated for 14 time periods over the Mississippi River basin and compared with output from three modeling systems. The GRACE estimates generally lay in the middle of the models and may provide skill in evaluating modeled evapotranspiration.

Rodell, M.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Tracking the Short Term Planning (STP) Development Process

Part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration?s mission is to pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research is enhanced by discovering new scientific tools to improve life on earth. Sequentially, to successfully explore the unknown, there has to be a planning process that organizes certain events in the right priority. Therefore, the planning support team has to continually improve their processes so the ISS Mission Operations can operate smoothly and effectively. The planning support team consists of people in the Long Range Planning area that develop timelines that includes International Partner?s Preliminary STP inputs all the way through to publishing of the Final STP. Planning is a crucial part of the NASA community when it comes to planning the astronaut?s daily schedule in great detail. The STP Process is in need of improvement, because of the various tasks that are required to be broken down in order to get the overall objective of developing a Final STP done correctly. Then a new project came along in order to store various data in a more efficient database. "The SharePoint site is a Web site that provides a central storage and collaboration space for documents, information, and ideas."

Price, Melanie↗
NASA NTRS2017

Medical Data Architecture Project Capabilities and Design

Mission constraints will challenge the delivery of medical care on a long-term, deep space exploration mission. This type of mission will be restricted in the availability of medical knowledge, skills, procedures and resources to prevent, diagnose, and treat in-flight medical events. Challenges to providing medical care are anticipated, including resource and resupply constraints, delayed communications and no ability for medical evacuation. The Medical Data Architecture (MDA) project will enable medical care capability in this constrained environment. The first version of the system, called "Test Bed 1," includes capabilities for automated data collection, data storage and data retrieval to provide information to the Crew Medical Officer (CMO). Test Bed 1 seeks to establish a data architecture foundation and develop a scalable data management system through modular design and standardized interfaces. In addition, it will demonstrate to stakeholders the potential for an improved, automated, flow of data to and from the medical system over the current methods employed on the International Space Station (ISS). It integrates a set of external devices, software and processes, and a Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan (SOAP) note commonly used by clinicians. Medical data like electrocardiogram plots, heart rate, skin temperature, respiration rate, medications taken, and more are collected from devices and stored in the Electronic Medical Records (EMR) system, and reported to crew and clinician. Devices integrated include the Astroskin biosensor vest and IMED CARDIAX electrocardiogram (ECG) device with INEED MD ECG Glove, and the NASA-developed Medical Dose Tracker application. The system is designed to be operated as a standalone system, and can be deployed in a variety of environments, from a laptop to a data center. The system is primarily composed of open-source software tools, and is designed to be modular, so new capabilities can be added. The software components and integration methods will be discussed.

Data architecture↗
NASA NTRS1972

Cathodochromic cathode ray tube: An operations manual

A cathodochromic (CC) storage and display system capable of storing full TV resolution images has been built. The images are derived from standard TV signals: composite video, composite sync, composite blanking, horizontal drive, and vertical drive. Image storage takes place in the CC CRT; the fixed image is written for several TV frames for the contrast to be usable. Once stored on the CC CRT, the image can be read out in one of three modes: with the eye, a 35-mm camera, or a TV camera. Incoming information may also be stored in a storage tube similar to the CC CRT but with a phosphor layer behind the CC layer. By exciting the phosphor layer with a standard raster scan it is possible to read out an image stored in the CC layer in one of three modes: direct viewing, photography, or flying-spot readout using a photomultiplier.

Heyman, P. M.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Computer image processing in marine resource exploration

Pictographic data or imagery is commonly used in marine exploration. Pre-existing image processing techniques (software) similar to those used on imagery obtained from unmanned planetary exploration were used to improve marine photography and side-scan sonar imagery. Features and details not visible by conventional photo processing methods were enhanced by filtering and noise removal on selected deep-sea photographs. Information gained near the periphery of photographs allows improved interpretation and facilitates construction of bottom mosaics where overlapping frames are available. Similar processing techniques were applied to side-scan sonar imagery, including corrections for slant range distortion, and along-track scale changes. The use of digital data processing and storage techniques greatly extends the quantity of information that can be handled, stored, and processed.

Paluzzi, P. R.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Digital storage and analysis of color Doppler echocardiograms

Color Doppler flow mapping has played an important role in clinical echocardiography. Most of the clinical work, however, has been primarily qualitative. Although qualitative information is very valuable, there is considerable quantitative information stored within the velocity map that has not been extensively exploited so far. Recently, many researchers have shown interest in using the encoded velocities to address the clinical problems such as quantification of valvular regurgitation, calculation of cardiac output, and characterization of ventricular filling. In this article, we review some basic physics and engineering aspects of color Doppler echocardiography, as well as drawbacks of trying to retrieve velocities from video tape data. Digital storage, which plays a critical role in performing quantitative analysis, is discussed in some detail with special attention to velocity encoding in DICOM 3.0 (medical image storage standard) and the use of digital compression. Lossy compression can considerably reduce file size with minimal loss of information (mostly redundant); this is critical for digital storage because of the enormous amount of data generated (a 10 minute study could require 18 Gigabytes of storage capacity). Lossy JPEG compression and its impact on quantitative analysis has been studied, showing that images compressed at 27:1 using the JPEG algorithm compares favorably with directly digitized video images, the current goldstandard. Some potential applications of these velocities in analyzing the proximal convergence zones, mitral inflow, and some areas of future development are also discussed in the article.

NASA Discipline Cardiopulmonary↗
NASA NTRS1990

Converting information from paper to optical media

The technology of converting large amounts of paper into electronic form is described for use in information management systems based on optical disk storage. The space savings and photographic nature of microfiche are combined in these systems with the advantages of computerized data (fast and flexible retrieval of graphics and text, simultaneous instant access for multiple users, and easy manipulation of data). It is noted that electronic imaging systems offer a unique opportunity to dramatically increase the productivity and profitability of information systems. Particular attention is given to the CALS (Computer-aided Aquisition and Logistic Support) system.

Deaton, Timothy N.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Fourth NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies

This report contains copies of all those technical papers received in time for publication just prior to the Fourth Goddard Conference on Mass Storage and Technologies, held March 28-30, 1995, at the University of Maryland, University College Conference Center, in College Park, Maryland. This series of conferences continues to serve as a unique medium for the exchange of information on topics relating to the ingestion and management of substantial amounts of data and the attendant problems involved. This year's discussion topics include new storage technology, stability of recorded media, performance studies, storage system solutions, the National Information infrastructure (Infobahn), the future for storage technology, and lessons learned from various projects. There also will be an update on the IEEE Mass Storage System Reference Model Version 5, on which the final vote was taken in July 1994.

Kobler, Benjamin↗