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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1987

The effects of magnetic B(y) component on geomagnetic tail equilibria

A two-dimensional linear magnetohydrostatic model of the magnetotail is developed here in order to investigate the effects of a significant B(y) component on the configuration of magnetotail equilibria. It is concluded that the enhanced B(y) values must be an essential part of the quiet magnetotail and do not result from a simple intrusion of the IMF. The B(y) field consists of a constant background component plus a nonuniform field existing only in the plasma sheet, where it is dependent on the plasma paramater beta and the strength of the magnetic B(z) component. B(y) is strongest at the neutral sheet and decreases monotonically in the + or - z direction, reaching a constant tail lobe value at the plasma sheet boundaries. The presence of a significant positive B(y) component produces currents, including field-aligned currents, that flow through the equatorial plane and toward and away from earth in the northern and southern halves of the plasma sheet, respectively.

Hilmer, Robert V.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Doubled CO2 Effects on NO(y) in a Coupled 2D Model

Changes in temperature and ozone have been the main focus of studies of the stratospheric impact of doubled CO2. Increased CO2 is expected to cool the stratosphere, which will result in increases in stratospheric ozone through temperature dependent loss rates. Less attention has been paid to changes in minor constituents which affect the O3 balance and which may provide additional feedbacks. Stratospheric NO(y) fields calculated using the GSFC 2D interactive chemistry-radiation-dynamics model show significant sensitivity to the model CO2. Modeled upper stratospheric NO(y) decreases by about 15% in response to CO2 doubling, mainly due to the temperature decrease calculated to result from increased cooling. The abundance of atomic nitrogen, N, increases because the rate of the strongly temperature dependent reaction N + O2 yields NO + O decreases at lower temperatures. Increased N leads to an increase in the loss of NO(y) which is controlled by the reaction N + NO yields N2 + O. The NO(y) reduction is shown to be sensitive to the NO photolysis rate. The decrease in the O3 loss rate due to the NO(y) changes is significant when compared to the decrease in the O3 loss rate due to the temperature changes.

Rosenfield, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Innovative Comparison of Transient Ignition Temperature at the Booster Interface, New Stainless Steel Pyrovalve Primer Chamber Assembly "V" (PCA) Design Versus the Current Aluminum "Y" PCA Design

An assessment of four spacecraft pyrovalve anomalies that occurred during ground testing was conducted by the NASA Engineering & Safety Center (NESC) in 2008. In all four cases, a common aluminum (Al) primer chamber assembly (PCA) was used with dual NASA Standard Initiators (NSIs) and the nearly simultaneous (separated by less than 80 microseconds) firing of both initiators failed to ignite the booster charge. The results of the assessment and associated test program were reported in AIAA Paper AIAA-2008-4798, NESC Independent Assessment of Pyrovalve Ground Test Anomalies. As a result of the four Al PCA anomalies, and the test results and findings of the NESC assessment, the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) project team decided to make changes to the PCA. The material for the PCA body was changed from aluminum (Al) to stainless steel (SS) to avoid melting, distortion, and potential leakage of the NSI flow passages when the device functioned. The flow passages, which were interconnected in a Y-shaped configuration (Y-PCA) in the original design, were changed to a V-shaped configuration (V-PCA). The V-shape was used to more efficiently transfer energy from the NSIs to the booster. Development and qualification testing of the new design clearly demonstrated faster booster ignition times compared to the legacy AL Y-PCA design. However, the final NESC assessment report recommended that the SS V-PCA be experimentally characterized and quantitatively compared to the Al Y-PCA design. This data was deemed important for properly evaluating the design options for future NASA projects. This test program has successfully quantified the improvement of the SS V-PCA over the Al Y-PCA. A phase B of the project was also conducted and evaluated the effect of firing command skew and enlargement of flame channels to further assist spacecraft applications.

Saulsberry, Regor L.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Y-12 NATIONAL SECURITY COMPLEX LEU-MO FEEDSTOCK FABRICATION UPDATE

The Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12) participates in the fuel fabrication pillar of lhe National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA's) Office of Material Minimization and Management (M3) Office of Conversion Pillar. Y-12's primary responsibility is to establish a reliable fabrication process of low-enriched uranium-molybdenum (LEU-Mo) feedstock tor United States High Performance Research Reactors (US HPRRs). This update compares US HPRR LEU-Mo feedstock fabrication ettorts over the past several casting campaigns at Y-12 which vary in process methodologies and fabrication parameters. With recent changes to the latest feedstock casting campaign, Process Design Standard-2 (PD-STD-2). Y-12 has seen a significant decrease in isotopic uranium variability of the fuel feedstock fabricated.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Y-12 Nuclear Criticality Safety Program Health Model: Development, Use and Benefits

The Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12) operates seven diverse enriched uranium processing facilities and maintains a comprehensive nuclear criticality safety (NCS) program. Given the magnitude of the hazard, the NCS program receives significant oversight. Describing the scope and health of the Y-12 NCS program to sometimes non-expert stakeholders with limited time had historically focused on recent events and “hot topics” which did not always convey sufficient context (i.e., how to differentiate between an individual performance issue and a systemic concern). Y-12 created the NCS Program Health (NCSPH) Model to provide a complete and holistic framework to quantify and communicate NCS program health. The model is constructed in a tiered fashion with the top tier broken into three (3) Tier 2 elements, fourteen (14) Tier 3 elements, and 104 Tier 4 and 5 elements. This granularity ensures every feature of the NCS Program is accounted for and stakeholders can see how these features support the collective whole. The model is used as the framework for NCS communications including program plans, reports, health surveys, and meeting agendas. The model has substantially improved stakeholder appreciation for the entirety of the NCS program and how events and assessment results factor into an overarching conclusion on NCS program health. While some details are Y-12 specific, the NCSPH model can easily be tailored for any other site with an NCS program.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Estudio de Resiliencia de la Red Electrica de Puerto Rico y Transiciones a Energia 100% Renovable (PR100)

Puerto Rico se ha comprometido a satisfacer sus necesidades de energia 100% renovable para 2050, ademas de alcanzar metas intermedias del 40% para 2025, 60% para 2040, la eliminacion gradual de la generacion a carbon para 2028 y una mejora del 30% en la eficiencia energetica para 2040, segun lo establecido en la Ley de Politica Publica Energetica de Puerto Rico (Ley 17). Para cumplir con estos objetivos y apoyar la electrificacion generalizada, Puerto Rico esta explorando la energia renovable y el almacenamiento de energia, la generacion distribuida, el control de distribucion, los vehiculos electricos y las cargas receptivas y eficientes energeticas que se pueden implementar en las comunidades de Puerto Rico. See NREL/FS-6A20-85442 (https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/85442.pdf) for the English translation.

ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(PdO2)2 by Materials Project

Y(PdO2)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4_1/a space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent O atoms. There are four shorter (2.34 Å) and four longer (2.46 Å) Y–O bond lengths. Pd is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O atoms. There are two shorter (2.03 Å) and two longer (2.05 Å) Pd–O bond lengths. O is bonded to two equivalent Y and two equivalent Pd atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OY2Pd2 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(MnSn)6 by Materials Project

YMn6Sn6 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded to eight Sn atoms to form distorted edge-sharing YSn8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are two shorter (3.00 Å) and six longer (3.15 Å) Y–Sn bond lengths. Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to six Sn atoms. There are a spread of Mn–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.84 Å. There are three inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Mn atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Y and six equivalent Mn atoms. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to one Y, six equivalent Mn, and one Sn atom. The Sn–Sn bond length is 3.00 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(MnGe)6 by Materials Project

YMn6Ge6 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded to eight Ge atoms to form distorted edge-sharing YGe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are two shorter (2.81 Å) and six longer (2.99 Å) Y–Ge bond lengths. Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to six Ge atoms. There are a spread of Mn–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.70 Å. There are three inequivalent Ge sites. In the first Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Y and six equivalent Mn atoms. In the second Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to one Y, six equivalent Mn, and one Ge atom. The Ge–Ge bond length is 2.53 Å. In the third Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Mn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(PO3)3 by Materials Project

Y(PO3)3 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Y3+ sites. In the first Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form YO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. All Y–O bond lengths are 2.24 Å. In the second Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form YO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.30 Å. In the third Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form YO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. All Y–O bond lengths are 2.29 Å. There are four inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two YO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–20°. There is two shorter (1.50 Å) and two longer (1.60 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent YO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–29°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent YO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–44°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.62 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two YO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 32–33°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(BIr)4 by Materials Project

Y(IrB)4 is alpha Pu-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_2/n space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent B atoms. All Y–B bond lengths are 2.90 Å. Ir is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent B atoms. There are a spread of Ir–B bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.18 Å. B is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to one Y, four equivalent Ir, and one B atom. The B–B bond length is 1.84 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(CuO2)3 by Materials Project

Y(CuO2)3 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Y(CuO2)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. there are two inequivalent Y3+ sites. In the first Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing YO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.16–2.33 Å. In the second Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing YO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.15–2.32 Å. There are six inequivalent Cu3+ sites. In the first Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.68 Å) and one longer (1.69 Å) Cu–O bond length. In the second Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.69 Å) and one longer (1.75 Å) Cu–O bond length. In the third Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.69 Å) and one longer (1.72 Å) Cu–O bond length. In the fourth Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.69 Å) and one longer (1.75 Å) Cu–O bond length. In the fifth Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.68 Å) and one longer (1.71 Å) Cu–O bond length. In the sixth Cu3+ site, Cu3+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.69 Å) and one longer (1.72 Å) Cu–O bond length. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one Cu3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Y3+ and one Cu3+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one Cu3+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu3+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Y3+ and one Cu3+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Y3+ and one Cu3+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu3+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one Cu3+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cu3+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Y3+ and one Cu3+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one Cu3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(CuO2)3 by Materials Project

(CuO2)(Y)(CuO2)CuO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two copper(ii) hydroxide molecules and one (CuO2)(Y)(CuO2) sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the (CuO2)(Y)(CuO2) sheet, Y3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing YO6 octahedra. All Y–O bond lengths are 2.27 Å. Cu3+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.70 Å) and one longer (1.74 Å) Cu–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one Cu3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Y3+ and one Cu3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(CuS)2 by Materials Project

Y(CuS)2 crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded to six equivalent S atoms to form distorted YS6 octahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra, edges with six equivalent YS6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra. All Y–S bond lengths are 2.84 Å. Cu is bonded to four equivalent S atoms to form distorted CuS4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent YS6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent YS6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent CuS4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 25–53°. There are three shorter (2.32 Å) and one longer (2.51 Å) Cu–S bond lengths. S is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Y and four equivalent Cu atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(Cd10Ni)2 by Materials Project

YNi2Cd20 crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to sixteen Cd atoms. There are four shorter (3.42 Å) and twelve longer (3.46 Å) Y–Cd bond lengths. Ni is bonded to twelve Cd atoms to form NiCd12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent NiCd12 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent CdYCd10Ni cuboctahedra, and faces with six equivalent CdYCd10Ni cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (2.80 Å) and six longer (3.09 Å) Ni–Cd bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Cd sites. In the first Cd site, Cd is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent Ni and ten Cd atoms. There are a spread of Cd–Cd bond distances ranging from 2.97–3.12 Å. In the second Cd site, Cd is bonded to one Y, one Ni, and ten Cd atoms to form distorted CdYCd10Ni cuboctahedra that share corners with fifteen equivalent CdYCd10Ni cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent CdYCd10Ni cuboctahedra, edges with three equivalent NiCd12 cuboctahedra, a faceface with one NiCd12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen equivalent CdYCd10Ni cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Cd–Cd bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.35 Å. In the third Cd site, Cd is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent Y and twelve equivalent Cd atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(Al10Cr)2 by Materials Project

Al20Cr2Y crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to sixteen Al atoms. There are four shorter (3.12 Å) and twelve longer (3.21 Å) Y–Al bond lengths. Cr is bonded to twelve Al atoms to form CrAl12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent CrAl12 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent AlYAl10Cr cuboctahedra, and faces with six equivalent AlYAl10Cr cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (2.56 Å) and six longer (2.78 Å) Cr–Al bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cr and ten Al atoms. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.82 Å. In the second Al site, Al is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent Y and twelve equivalent Al atoms. All Al–Al bond lengths are 3.09 Å. In the third Al site, Al is bonded to one Y, one Cr, and ten Al atoms to form distorted AlYAl10Cr cuboctahedra that share corners with fifteen equivalent AlYAl10Cr cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent AlYAl10Cr cuboctahedra, edges with three equivalent CrAl12 cuboctahedra, a faceface with one CrAl12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen equivalent AlYAl10Cr cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.90 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(VSn)6 by Materials Project

YV6Sn6 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded to eight Sn atoms to form edge-sharing YSn8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are two shorter (3.06 Å) and six longer (3.19 Å) Y–Sn bond lengths. V is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to six Sn atoms. There are a spread of V–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.80–2.86 Å. There are three inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to one Y, six equivalent V, and one Sn atom. The Sn–Sn bond length is 3.11 Å. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent V atoms. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Y and six equivalent V atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Acetone to isobutene conversion on Zn x Ti y O z : Effects of TiO 2 facet

In this study, liquid-phase chemical grafting method was used to graft Zn onto TiO 2 with preferentially exposed (1 0 1) or (0 0 1) facet. The obtained Zn x Ti y O z materials were characterized using various techniques (e.g., XRD, Raman, DRIFTS etc.) and evaluated for the acetone-to-isobutene reaction. It was found that over TiO 2 (0 0 1), both terminal and bridging hydroxyls were readily titrated by Zn deposition, whereas a substantial amount of bridging hydroxyls on TiO 2 (1 0 1) remained. Although dominant Zn-O-terminated surface was obtained on two Zn x Ti y O z samples, bridging hydroxyls with high H-D exchange reactivity were observed on Zn x Ti y O z (1 0 1) compared with Zn x Ti y O z (0 0 1). The bridging hydroxyls showing rapid proton transfer efficiently stabilizes a transition state of diacetone alcohol intramolecular rearrangement for isobutene production as opposed to the diacetone alcohol dehydration.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗