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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Temperature measurement of cold atoms using single-atom transits and Monte Carlo simulation in a strongly coupled atom-cavity system

We investigate the transmission of single-atom transits based on a strongly coupled cavity quantum electrodynamics system. By superposing the transit transmissions of a considerable number of atoms, we obtain the absorption spectra of the cavity induced by single atoms and obtain the temperature of the cold atom. The number of atoms passing through the microcavity for each release is also counted, and this number changes exponentially along with the atom temperature. Monte Carlo simulations agree closely with the experimental results, and the initial temperature of the cold atom is determined. Compared with the conventional time-of-flight (TOF) method, this approach avoids some uncertainties in the standard TOF and sheds new light on determining temperature of cold atoms by counting atoms individually in a confined space.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Delineating parton distributions and the strong coupling

In this study, global fits for precision determinations of parton distributions, together with the highly correlated strong coupling α s , are presented up to next-to-next-to- leading order (NNLO) of QCD utilizing most world data (charm and jet production data are used where theoretically possible), except Tevatron gauge boson production data and LHC data which are left for genuine predictions. This is done within the 'dynamical' (valencelike input at Q 0 2 = 0.8 GeV 2 ) and 'standard' (input at Q 0 2 = 2 GeV 2 ) approach. The stability and reliability of the results are ensured by including nonperturbative higher-twist terms, nuclear corrections as well as target mass corrections, and by applying various (Q 2 , W 2 ) cuts on available data. In addition, the Q 0 2 dependence of the results is studied in detail. Predictions are given, in particular for LHC, on gauge and Higgs boson as well as for top-quark pair production. At NNLO the dynamical approach results in α s (M Z 2 ) = 0.1136 ± 0.0004, whereas the somewhat less constrained standard fit gives α s (M Z 2 ) = 0.1162 ± 0.0006.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Final Scientific/Technical Report for "Strongly-Coupled Dusty Plasmas"

The subject of the project is the basic-plasma physics topic of strongly-coupled plasmas, as studied experimentally using dusty plasmas. This topic is highly interdisciplinary, with significant overlap with astrophysics, space physics, and condensed matter physics. Among the successes of this project during the most recent four-year period are the 23 papers were produced for peer-reviewed scientific journals. These papers mostly report experiments, as well as some numerical simulations. Coauthors of the papers include collaborators in Germany, Hungary, and Russia, as well as the U.S. Research topics included traditional plasma physics themes such as transport, waves, instabilities, and experimental diagnostics. They also included interdisciplinary topics of melting (condensed matter physics) and rarefied gas dynamics (fluid mechanics). All of the research topics were chosen to have a high impact. Our success in achieving a high impact is demonstrated by the seven papers published in Physical Review Letters over a four-year period, and a significant number of invited talks. The project included a broader-impact element that included not only training of graduate students and public dissemination of research results, but also an outreach program. The outreach Included presentations motivated by the sound-wave experiments in this project for the 'Family Science Adventures' (for children and parents of Iowa City area) and hands-on experiments at a K12 school (3rd and 4th grades in 2007, and 5th and 6th grades in 2008).

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Strong coupling between a permalloy ferromagnetic contact and helical edge channel in a narrow HgTe quantum well

We experimentally investigate spin-polarized electron transport between a permalloy ferromagnet and the edge of a two-dimensional electron system with band inversion, realized in a narrow, 8 nm wide, HgTe quantum well. In zero magnetic field, we observe strong asymmetry of the edge potential distribution with respect to the ferromagnetic ground lead. This result indicates that the helical edge channel, specific for the structures with band inversion even at the conductive bulk, is strongly coupled to the ferromagnetic side contact, possibly due to the effects of proximity magnetization. This allows selective and spin-sensitive contacting of helical edge states.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2010

Spiky strings in the Bethe ansatz at strong coupling

We study spiky string solutions in AdS{sub 3}xS{sup 1} that are characterized by two spins S, J as well as winding m in S{sup 1} and spike number n. We construct explicitly two-cut solutions by using the SL(2) asymptotic Bethe ansatz equations at leading order in strong coupling. Unlike the folded spinning string, these solutions have asymmetric distributions of Bethe roots. The solutions match the known spiky string classical results obtained directly from string theory for arbitrary semiclassical parameters, including J=0 and any value of S, namely, short and long strings. At large spins and winding number the string touches the boundary, and we find a new scaling limit with the energy given as E-S=(n/2{pi}){radical}(1+[(4{pi}{sup 2})/n{sup 2}](J{sup 2}/ln{sup 2}S+m{sup 2}/ln{sup 2}S))lnS. This is a generalization of the known scaling for the folded spinning string.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Dust-acoustic solitary waves in a strongly coupled inhomogeneous dusty plasma in the presence of polarization force and effective dust-temperature

The nonlinear propagation of the dust-acoustic waves is studied in a strongly coupled inhomogeneous dusty plasma which consists of the strongly correlated negatively charged dust grains and weakly correlated electrons and ions. The Korteweg-de Vries equation with variable coefficients and an additional term due to the density gradient is deduced, and its solution is found by appropriate transformations. The propagation of two possible modes (fast and slow) and their evolution are investigated. Only the fast rarefactive solitary waves are found to propagate in such plasma with parameter ranges corresponding to the experimental conditions. It is shown that the special patterns of nonlinear DA waves (e.g., amplitude and width) are significantly modified in a way that depends upon the effects of polarization force (which arises due to the interaction between thermal ions and highly negatively charged dust grains), effective dust-temperature (which arises from the electrostatic interactions among highly negatively charged dust and from the dust thermal pressure), equilibrium electron density, and ion temperature. The amplitude of solitary waves also decreases as the wave propagates in the direction of increasing dust concentration.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

Determination of the strong coupling g{sub B*B{pi}} from semileptonic B{yields}{pi}l{nu} decay

According to heavy-meson chiral perturbation theory, the vector form factor f{sub +}(q{sup 2}) of exclusive semileptonic decay B{yields}{pi}l{nu} is closely related, at least in the soft-pion region (i.e., q{sup 2{approx}}(m{sub B}-m{sub {pi}}){sup 2}), to the strong coupling g{sub B*B{pi}} or the normalized coupling g-circumflex. Combining the precisely measured q{sup 2} spectrum of B{yields}{pi}l{nu} decay by the BABAR and Belle collaborations with several parametrizations of the form factor f{sub +}(q{sup 2}), we can extract these couplings from the residue of the form factor at the B{sup *} pole, which relies on an extrapolation of the form factor from the semileptonic region to the unphysical point q{sup 2}=m{sub B}{sup *2}. Comparing the extracted values with the other experimental and theoretical estimates, we can test these various form-factor parametrizations, which differ from each other by the amount of physical information embedded in. It is found that the extracted values based on the Becirevic-Kaidalov, Ball-Zwicky and Bourrely-Caprini-Lellouch parametrizations are consistent with each other and roughly in agreement with the other theoretical and lattice estimates, while the Boyd-Grinstein-Lebed ansatz, featured by a spurious, unwanted pole at the threshold of the cut, gives a neatly larger value.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Nonplanar dust acoustic solitary waves in a strongly coupled dusty plasma with superthermal ions

The nonplanar amplitude modulation of dust acoustic (DA) envelope solitary waves in a strongly coupled dusty plasma (SCDP) has been investigated. By using a reductive perturbation technique, a modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) including the effects of geometry, polarization, and ion superthermality is derived. The modulational instability (MI) of the nonlinear DA wave envelopes is investigated in both planar and nonplanar geometries. There are two stable regions for the DA wave propagation strongly affected by polarization and ion superthermality. Moreover, it is found that the nonlinear DA waves in spherical geometry are the more structurally stable. The larger growth rate of the nonlinear DA MI is observed in the cylindrical geometry. The salient characteristics of the MI in the nonplanar geometries cannot be found in the planar one. The DA wave propagation and the NLSE solutions are investigated both analytically and numerically.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Quantum dynamic screening effects on the elastic collisions in strongly coupled semiclassical plasmas

The quantum dynamic screening effects on the elastic electron-ion collisions are investigated in strongly coupled semiclassical plasmas. The second-order eikonal analysis with the impact parameter method is applied to obtain the eikonal phase shift and eikonal cross section as functions of the impact parameter, collision energy, thermal energy, de Broglie wavelength, and Debye length. The result shows that the magnitude of the eikonal phase shift decreases with increasing thermal energy. It is also found that the maximum position of the differential eikonal cross section is receded from the collision center with decreasing collision energy. It is also found that the total eikonal cross decreases with increasing de Broglie wavelength, especially for large collision energies. In addition, it is found that the thermal effect suppresses the total eikonal cross section.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Instability of nonplanar modulated dust acoustic wave packets in a strongly coupled nonthermal dusty plasma

Cylindrical and spherical amplitude modulations of dust acoustic (DA) solitary wave envelopes in a strongly coupled dusty plasma containing nonthermal distributed ions are studied. Employing a reductive perturbation technique, a modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation including the geometrical effect is derived. The influences of nonthermal ions, polarization force, and the geometries on the modulational instability conditions are analyzed and the possible rogue wave structures are discussed in detail. It is found that the spherical DA waves are more structurally stable to perturbations than the cylindrical ones. Possible applications of these theoretical findings are briefly discussed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Strong coupling constant from 1-loop improved static energy

The static energy is an excellent observable for extracting the strong coupling $α_s$ on the lattice. For short distances, the static energy can be calculated both on the lattice using Wilson line correlators, and with perturbation theory up to three loop accuracy with leading ultrasoft log resummation. Comparing the perturbative expression and lattice data allows for precise determination of $α_s$. We present early results for 1-loop lattice perturbation theory improvement of the Wilson loop and show how it improves the $α_s$ extraction. We present a preliminary reanalysis of the TUMQCD (2+1)-flavor QCD data.

Leino, Viljami [U. Southern Denmark, QTC; Southern↗
DOE OSTI2011

Can strongly-coupled large N gauge theories break Lorentz invariance?

The possibility of Lorentz symmetry breaking (LSB) has attracted considerable attention in recent years, and several effective field theory analyses of such phenomena have been given. It remains an open question, however, whether they can take place in an underlying UV complete theory. Here we consider the question of LSB in large N lattice gauge theories in the strong coupling limit. We apply techniques that have previously been used to correctly predict the formation of chiral symmetry breaking condensates in this limit. Generalizing such methods we find that certain LSB condensates can indeed form. In addition, the interesting possibility arises of condensates that 'lock' internal and external symmetries.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Strongly coupled fluid-particle flows in vertical channels. I. Reynolds-averaged two-phase turbulence statistics

Simulations of strongly coupled (i.e., high-mass-loading) fluid-particle flows in vertical channels are performed with the purpose of understanding the fundamental physics of wall-bounded multiphase turbulence. The exact Reynolds-averaged (RA) equations for high-mass-loading suspensions are presented, and the unclosed terms that are retained in the context of fully developed channel flow are evaluated in an Eulerian–Lagrangian (EL) framework for the first time. A key distinction between the RA formulation presented in the current work and previous derivations of multiphase turbulence models is the partitioning of the particle velocity fluctuations into spatially correlated and uncorrelated components, used to define the components of the particle-phase turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and granular temperature, respectively. The adaptive spatial filtering technique developed in our previous work for homogeneous flows [J. Capecelatro, O. Desjardins, and R. O. Fox, “Numerical study of collisional particle dynamics in cluster-induced turbulence,” J. Fluid Mech. 747, R2 (2014)] is shown to accurately partition the particle velocity fluctuations at all distances from the wall. Strong segregation in the components of granular energy is observed, with the largest values of particle-phase TKE associated with clusters falling near the channel wall, while maximum granular temperature is observed at the center of the channel. The anisotropy of the Reynolds stresses both near the wall and far away is found to be a crucial component for understanding the distribution of the particle-phase volume fraction. In Part II of this paper, results from the EL simulations are used to validate a multiphase Reynolds-stress turbulence model that correctly predicts the wall-normal distribution of the two-phase turbulence statistics.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2011

Non-invasive determination of the parameters of strongly coupled 2D Yukawa liquids

We derive a method for identifying the Yukawa model parameters of two-dimensional (2D) strongly coupled dusty plasmas. The method is based on non-invasive observation of the dust component of the plasma and comparison with a large body of simulation data in the form of simple analytical formulas. This approach requires only input from a time-series of configuration snapshots and particle velocities with no recourse to additional information about the system. In addition, we derive an effective coupling parameter for 2D Yukawa systems based on the height of the first maximum of the pair distribution function. Two variants--one valid in the high-coupling range, the other for arbitrary couplings of the liquid--are derived. Comparison to previous approaches to Yukawa coupling parameters shows that the present concept is more general and more accurate. Our results should be directly applicable as a simple, yet reliable diagnostic method for a variety of experiments, including dusty plasmas, colloidal suspensions, and ions in traps, and can be employed to facilitate comparisons between experiments, theory, and simulations.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Simple thermodynamics of strongly coupled one-component-plasma in two and three dimensions

Simple analytical approximations for the internal energy of the strongly coupled one-component-plasma in two and three dimensions are discussed. As a result, new practical expressions for the internal energy in the fluid phase are proposed. Their accuracy is checked by evaluating the location of the fluid-solid phase transition from the free energy consideration. Possible applications to other related systems are briefly discussed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Tunnel magnetoresistance and linear conductance of double quantum dots strongly coupled to ferromagnetic leads

We analyze the spin-dependent linear-response transport properties of double quantum dots strongly coupled to external ferromagnetic leads. By using the numerical renormalization group method, we determine the dependence of the linear conductance and tunnel magnetoresistance on the degree of spin polarization of the leads and the position of the double dot levels. We focus on the transport regime where the system exhibits the SU(4) Kondo effect. It is shown that the presence of ferromagnets generally leads the suppression of the linear conductance due to the presence of an exchange field. Moreover, the exchange field gives rise to a transition from the SU(4) to the orbital SU(2) Kondo effect. We also analyze the dependence of the tunnel magnetoresistance on the double dot levels' positions and show that it exhibits a very nontrivial behavior.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

Strong coupling constant from vacuum polarization functions in three-flavor lattice QCD with dynamical overlap fermions

We determine the strong coupling constant {alpha}{sub s} from a lattice calculation of vacuum polarization functions (VPF) in three-flavor QCD with dynamical overlap fermions. Fitting lattice data of VPF to the continuum perturbative formula including the operator product expansion, we extract the QCD scale parameter {Lambda}{sub MS}{sup -(3)}. At the Z boson mass scale, we obtain {alpha}{sub s}{sup (5)}(M{sub z}) = 0.1181(3)(+14/-12), where the first error is statistical and the second is our estimate of various systematic uncertainties.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗