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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Tunable vacuum ultraviolet laser based spectrometer for angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy

We have developed an angle-resolved photoemission spectrometer with tunable vacuum ultraviolet laser as a photon source. The photon source is based on the fourth harmonic generation of a near IR beam from a Ti:sapphire laser pumped by a CW green laser and tunable between 5.3 eV and 7 eV. The most important part of the set-up is a compact, vacuum enclosed fourth harmonic generator based on potassium beryllium fluoroborate crystals, grown hydrothermally in the US. This source can deliver a photon flux of over 10{sup 14} photon/s. We demonstrate that this energy range is sufficient to measure the k{sub z} dispersion in an iron arsenic high temperature superconductor, which was previously only possible at synchrotron facilities.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2014

Optical study of HgCdTe infrared photodetectors using internal photoemission spectroscopy

We report a study of internal photoemission spectroscopy (IPE) applied to a n-type Hg{sub 1−x}Cd{sub x}Te/Hg{sub 1−y}Cd{sub y}Te heterojunction. An exponential line-shape of the absorption tail in HgCdTe is identified by IPE fittings of the near-threshold quantum yield spectra. The reduction of quantum yield (at higher photon energy) below the fitting value is explained as a result of carrier-phonon scatterings. In addition, the obtained bias independence of the IPE threshold indicates a negligible electron barrier at the heterojunction interface.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Electronic structure of Co-Ni-Ga Heusler alloys studied by resonant photoemission

The electronic structures of Co{sub 2.01}Ni{sub 1.05}Ga{sub 0.94} and Co{sub 1.76}Ni{sub 1.46}Ga{sub 0.78} Heusler alloys have been investigated by resonant photoemission spectroscopy across the 3p-3d transition of Co and Ni. For the Ni excess composition Co{sub 1.76}Ni{sub 1.46}Ga{sub 0.78}, the valence band peak shows a shift of 0.25 eV as compared to the near stoichiometric composition Co{sub 2.01}N1{sub 1.05}Ga{sub 0.94}. Also an enhancement is observed in the Ni related satellite features in the valence band for the Ni excess composition. Due to hybridization of Co and Ni 3d states in these systems, the Co and Ni 3p-3d resonance energies are found to be higher as compared to Co and Ni metals. Theoretical first principle calculation is performed to understand the features in the valence band and the shape of the resonance profile.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Anomalous temperature dependence in valence band spectra: A resonant photoemission study of layered perovskite Sr{sub 2}CoO{sub 4}

Valence band spectra (VBS) and its modification across Curie temperature (T{sub C}) of Sr{sub 2}CoO{sub 4} thin film are studied using resonant photoemission spectroscopy. It is found that VBS mainly consists of hybridized states of Co-3d t{sub 2g}e{sub g} and O-2p; however, Co-3d e{sub g} states show its prominence only in the ferromagnetic temperature regime. Below T{sub C}, spectral weight transfer takes place anomalously from high binding energy (B.E.) region to low B.E. region, signifying the enhanced intermediate or low spin state Co{sup 4+} ions. It is suggested that spin-lattice coupling and many-body effects in Sr{sub 2}CoO{sub 4} derived from the strong electron correlations lead to such temperature dependence of VBS.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Imaging and characterization of conducting ferroelectric domain walls by photoemission electron microscopy

High-resolution X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM) is a well-established method for imaging ferroelectric domain structures. Here, we expand the scope of application of X-PEEM and demonstrate its capability for imaging and investigating domain walls in ferroelectrics with high spatial resolution. Using ErMnO{sub 3} as test system, we show that ferroelectric domain walls can be visualized based on photo-induced charging effects and local variations in their electronic conductance can be mapped by analyzing the energy distribution of photoelectrons. Our results open the door for non-destructive, contact-free, and element-specific studies of the electronic and chemical structure at domain walls in ferroelectrics.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy imaging of mode coupling between three interacting magnetic vortices

The interactions between three magnetic vortices in a planar equilateral triangular arrangement were studied by time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy. The gyrotropic resonance frequencies of the three individual vortices in the tri-disk system are different from one another and also shifted from that of an isolated vortex by as much as 12%. A comparison with analytical calculations and numerical simulations shows that the observed frequency shifts result from the dipolar interaction between the vortices.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Preparation of layered thin film samples for angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Materials with layered van der Waals crystal structures are exciting research topics in condensed matter physics and materials science due to outstanding physical properties associated with their strong two dimensional nature. Prominent examples include bismuth tritelluride and triselenide topological insulators (TIs), which are characterized by a bulk bandgap and pairwise counter-propagating spin-polarized electronic surface states. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) of ex-situ grown thin film samples has been limited by the lack of suitable surface preparation techniques. We demonstrate the shortcomings of previously successful conventional surface preparation techniques when applied to ternary TI systems which are susceptible to severe oxidation. We show that in-situ cleaving is a simple and effective technique for preparation of clean surfaces on ex-situ grown thin films for high quality ARPES measurements. The method presented here is universally applicable to other layered van der Waals systems as well.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Untangling the contributions of image charge and laser profile for optimal photoemission of high-brightness electron beams

Using our model for the simulation of photoemission of high brightness electron beams, we investigate the virtual cathode physics and the limits to spatio-temporal and spectroscopic resolution originating from the image charge on the surface and from the profile of the exciting laser pulse. By contrasting the effect of varying surface properties (leading to expanding or pinned image charge), laser profiles (Gaussian, uniform, and elliptical), and aspect ratios (pancake- and cigar-like) under different extraction field strengths and numbers of generated electrons, we quantify the effect of these experimental parameters on macroscopic pulse properties such as emittance, brightness (4D and 6D), coherence length, and energy spread. Based on our results, we outline optimal conditions of pulse generation for ultrafast electron microscope systems that take into account constraints on the number of generated electrons and on the required time resolution.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

An innovative Yb-based ultrafast deep ultraviolet source for time-resolved photoemission experiments

Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study ultrafast electronic dynamics in solids. Here, an innovative optical setup based on a 100-kHz Yb laser source is presented. Exploiting non-collinear optical parametric amplification and sum-frequency generation, ultrashort pump (hν = 1.82 eV) and ultraviolet probe (hν = 6.05 eV) pulses are generated. Overall temporal and instrumental energy resolutions of, respectively, 85 fs and 50 meV are obtained. Time- and angle-resolved measurements on BiTeI semiconductor are presented to show the capabilities of the setup.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2014

Induced photoemission from driven nonadiabatic dynamics in an avoided crossing system

When vibrational dynamics on an ionic state (large dipole moment) is coupled to that on a neutral state (small dipole moment) such as at an avoided crossing in the alkali halide system, the population transfer between the states cause oscillation of the molecular dipole, leading to dipole emission. Such dynamics may be driven by an external field. We study how the coupled wavepacket dynamics is affected by the parameters (intensity, frequency) of the driving field with the aim of making use of the photoemission as an alternative detection scheme of femtosecond and subfemtosecond vibrational and electronic dynamics or as a characteristic optical source.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Time-resolved photoemission apparatus achieving sub-20-meV energy resolution and high stability

The paper describes a time- and angle-resolved photoemission apparatus consisting of a hemispherical analyzer and a pulsed laser source. We demonstrate 1.48-eV pump and 5.92-eV probe measurements at the ⩾10.5-meV and ⩾240-fs resolutions by use of fairly monochromatic 170-fs pulses delivered from a regeneratively amplified Ti:sapphire laser system operating typically at 250 kHz. The apparatus is capable to resolve the optically filled superconducting peak in the unoccupied states of a cuprate superconductor, Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ}. A dataset recorded on Bi(111) surface is also presented. Technical descriptions include the followings: A simple procedure to fine-tune the spatio-temporal overlap of the pump-and-probe beams and their diameters; achieving a long-term stability of the system that enables a normalization-free dataset acquisition; changing the repetition rate by utilizing acoustic optical modulator and frequency-division circuit.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Photoemission characteristics of thin GaAs-based heterojunction photocathodes

To better understand the different photoemission mechanism of thin heterojunction photocathodes, the quantum efficiency models of reflection-mode and transmission-mode GaAs-based heterojunction photocathodes are revised based on one-dimensional continuity equations, wherein photoelectrons generated from both the emission layer and buffer layer are taken into account. By comparison of simulated results between the revised and conventional models, it is found that the electron contribution from the buffer layer to shortwave quantum efficiency is closely related to some factors, such as the thicknesses of emission layer and buffer layer and the interface recombination velocity. Besides, the experimental quantum efficiency data of reflection-mode and transmission-mode AlGaAs/GaAs photocathodes are well fitted to the revised models, which confirm the applicability of the revised quantum efficiency models.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

A sample holder with integrated laser optics for an ELMITEC photoemission electron microscope

We present a new sample holder compatible with ELMITEC Photoemission Electron Microscopes (PEEMs) containing an optical lens and a mirror. With the integrated optical elements, a laser beam is focused from the back side of the sample at normal incidence, yielding a minimum spot size of about 1 μm. This opens up new possibilities for local laser excitations in PEEM experiments such as imaging all-optical magnetization switching at a small length scale.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Resonant photoemission study of multiferroic LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} across three-dimensional to two-dimensional charge ordering

Electronic structures modification of polycrystalline LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} across 3 dimensional to 2 dimensional charge ordering (CO) has been studied by resonance photoemission spectroscopy. Constant-initial-state spectra measured across 3p → 3d resonance energy indicate its charge transfer insulating behavior. Valance band spectra study shows states lying closer to the Fermi level are due to Fe{sup 2+} ions. As the temperature is varied from 3D to 2D CO state, a weight transfer of DOS from low binding energy to higher binding energy is observed which is attributed to the modification in the Fe-O hybridized states.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Electric field and temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity in strontium titanate investigated by a photoemission study on Pt/SrTiO{sub 3}:Nb junctions

Schottky junctions made from platinum and niobium-doped strontium titanate (SrTiO{sub 3}:Nb) were investigated by hard X-ray photoemission (HXPES) and through a band bending behavior simulation using a phenomenological model, which assumes a decrease in dielectric constant due to an electric field. Thus, we confirmed that the observed HXPES spectra at relatively high temperatures, e.g., >250 K, were well simulated using this phenomenological model. In contrast, it was inferred that the model was not appropriate for junction behavior at lower temperatures, e.g., <150 K. Therefore, a reconstruction of the phenomenological model is necessary to adequately explain the dielectric properties of SrTiO{sub 3}.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Electronic structure of Li{sub 1+x}[Mn{sub 0.5}Ni{sub 0.5}]{sub 1−x}O{sub 2} studied by photoemission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy

We have studied the electronic structure of Li{sub 1+x}[Mn{sub 0.5}Ni{sub 0.5}]{sub 1−x}O{sub 2} (x = 0.00 and 0.05), one of the promising cathode materials for Li ion battery, by means of x-ray photoemission and absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the valences of Mn and Ni are basically 4+ and 2+, respectively. However, the Mn{sup 3+} component in the x = 0.00 sample gradually increases with the bulk sensitivity of the experiment, indicating that the Jahn-Teller active Mn{sup 3+} ions are introduced in the bulk due to the site exchange between Li and Ni. The Mn{sup 3+} component gets negligibly small in the x = 0.05 sample, which indicates that the excess Li suppresses the site exchange and removes the Jahn-Teller active Mn{sup 3+}.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Optimizing the performance of bandpass photon detectors for inverse photoemission: Transmission of alkaline earth fluoride window crystals

Bandpass photon detectors are widely used in inverse photoemission in the isochromat mode at energies in the vacuum-ultraviolet spectral range. The energy bandpass of gas-filled counters is usually formed by the ionization threshold of the counting gas as high-pass filter and the transmission cutoff of an alkaline earth fluoride window as low-pass filter. The transmission characteristics of the window have, therefore, a crucial impact on the detector performance. We present transmission measurements in the vacuum-ultraviolet spectral range for alkaline earth fluoride window crystals in the vicinity of the transmission cutoff as a function of crystal purity, surface finish, surface contamination, temperature, and thickness. Our findings reveal that the transmission characteristics of the window crystal and, thus, the detector performance depend critically on these window parameters.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Electric field stimulation setup for photoemission electron microscopes

Manipulating magnetisation by the application of an electric field in magnetoelectric multiferroics represents a timely issue due to the potential applications in low power electronics and the novel physics involved. Thanks to its element sensitivity and high spatial resolution, X-ray photoemission electron microscopy is a uniquely suited technique for the investigation of magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic materials. In this work, we present a setup that allows for the application of in situ electric and magnetic fields while the sample is analysed in the microscope. As an example of the performances of the setup, we present measurements on Ni/Pb(Mg{sub 0.66}Nb{sub 0.33})O{sub 3}-PbTiO{sub 3} and La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3}/PMN-PT artificial multiferroic nanostructures.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗