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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on BaN by Materials Project

BaN is Halite, Rock Salt structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ba2+ is bonded to six equivalent N2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing BaN6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Ba–N bond lengths are 2.86 Å. N2- is bonded to six equivalent Ba2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing NBa6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on VNCl3 by Materials Project

VNCl3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. V5+ is bonded to six equivalent Cl1- atoms to form face-sharing VCl6 octahedra. All V–Cl bond lengths are 2.38 Å. N2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Cl1- atoms. All N–Cl bond lengths are 3.66 Å. Cl1- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two equivalent V5+ and two equivalent N2- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on AuNCl3 by Materials Project

AuNCl3 is High Pressure (4-7GPa) Tellurium structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four AuNCl3 clusters. Au5+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one N2- and three Cl1- atoms. The Au–N bond length is 1.93 Å. There are two shorter (2.31 Å) and one longer (2.35 Å) Au–Cl bond lengths. N2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Au5+ atom. There are three inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Au5+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Au5+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Au5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on K2S2NO6 by Materials Project

K2NS2O6 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. K1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.77–3.31 Å. N2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent S6+ atoms. Both N–S bond lengths are 1.68 Å. S6+ is bonded to one N2- and three O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SNO3 tetrahedra. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.46–1.48 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three equivalent K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three equivalent K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three equivalent K1+ and one S6+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on C3N4 by Materials Project

C3N4 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pm space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of three hydrogen cyanide molecules and one N2 ribbon oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. In the N2 ribbon, N3- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent N3- atoms. Both N–N bond lengths are 2.13 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on S7N by Materials Project

NS2(S)5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of twenty hydrogen sulfide molecules and four NS2 clusters. In each NS2 cluster, N2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent S+0.29+ atoms. Both N–S bond lengths are 1.61 Å. S+0.29+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CrN4Cl(O2F)2 by Materials Project

Cr(NF)2N2ClO4 is Iron carbide-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal I4_1md space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight ammonia molecules, four ClO4 clusters, and four Cr(NF)2 clusters. In each ClO4 cluster, there are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.49 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.43 Å. Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. In each Cr(NF)2 cluster, Cr3+ is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to two equivalent N2+ and two equivalent F1- atoms. Both Cr–N bond lengths are 1.91 Å. Both Cr–F bond lengths are 1.79 Å. N2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cr3+ atom. F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cr3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SrN by Materials Project

SrN is Halite, Rock Salt structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sr2+ is bonded to six equivalent N2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing SrN6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Sr–N bond lengths are 2.69 Å. N2- is bonded to six equivalent Sr2+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing NSr6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on FeN2Cl5O by Materials Project

FeN2OCl5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four FeN2OCl5 clusters. Fe3+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one O2- and four Cl1- atoms. The Fe–O bond length is 1.85 Å. There are a spread of Fe–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.23–2.39 Å. N2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl1- atom. The N–Cl bond length is 1.48 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Fe3+ and three Cl1- atoms. There are two shorter (2.31 Å) and one longer (2.56 Å) O–Cl bond lengths. There are four inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent N2+ and one O2- atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Fe3+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Fe3+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Fe3+ and one O2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SrN by Materials Project

SrN is Halite, Rock Salt structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sr2+ is bonded to six equivalent N2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing SrN6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–3°. There are a spread of Sr–N bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.77 Å. N2- is bonded to six equivalent Sr2+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing NSr6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–2°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li2N by Materials Project

Li2N is Fluorite structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded to four equivalent N2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing LiN4 tetrahedra. All Li–N bond lengths are 2.10 Å. N2- is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Li1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CNO by Materials Project

CNO is Cyanogen Chloride-like structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four cyanic acid molecules. C4+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one N2- and one O2- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.23 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.19 Å. N2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on PN2O4F by Materials Project

NOPNO3F crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four nitroxyl molecules and four PNO3F clusters. In each PNO3F cluster, P5+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal pyramidal geometry to three O2- and one F1- atom. There is two shorter (1.47 Å) and one longer (2.17 Å) P–O bond length. The P–F bond length is 1.58 Å. N2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The N–O bond length is 1.19 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one P5+ and one N2+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Pilot-Scale Evaluation of Natural Gas-Based Foam at Elevated Pressure and Temperature Conditions

Abstract Nitrogen (N2) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) foams have been used as hydraulic fracturing fluids for several decades to reduce water usage and minimize damage in water-sensitive reservoirs. These foam treatments require gases to be liquefied and transported to site. An alternative approach would be to use natural gas (NG) that is readily available from nearby wells, pipelines, and processing facilities as the internal, gaseous phase to create a NG-based foam. Hydraulic fracturing with NG foam is a relatively inexpensive option, makes use of an abundant and often wasted resource, and may even provide production benefits in certain reservoirs. As part of an ongoing development project sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE), the surface process to create NG foam is being developed and the properties of NG foam are being explored. This paper presents recent results from a rigorous pilot-scale demonstration of NG foam over a range of operating scenarios relevant to surface and bottomhole conditions with a variety of base-fluid mixtures. The Pilot-scale Foam Test Facility (PFTF) used in these investigations is first described. The PFTF is capable of generating foamed fluids at pressures up to 7,500 psig and at temperatures in excess of 300°F. Then, results from several investigations aimed at proving NG foam at conditions relevant to the field are presented. NG foam was characterized using rheology measurements and flow visualization techniques. Experiments were performed to investigate the texture and stability of NG foam generated by two different mixing methods: one using a custom designed tee to match mixing velocities in the field where the gas phase is jetted into the aqueous stream, and another to ensure comprehensive mixing for laboratory analysis. Parametric studies were conducted to explore the effects of flow rate, foam quality, and temperature on the stability of NG foam. Moreover, different fluid preparations were used to investigate the effect of base fluid and additive concentrations on the stability of NG foams. Additional laboratory studies that investigated foam stability with produced water and multicomponent NG mixtures are also reported. The NG foams explored in these investigations exhibited typical, shear-thinning behavior observed in rheological studies of N2- and CO2-based foams. The measured viscosity and observed stability indicate that NG foams are well suited for fracturing applications. Like other foams, NG foam exhibits sensitivity to operating temperature characterized by a decrease in apparent viscosity as temperature increases. Rapid foam breakdown was observed at significantly elevated temperatures exceeding 290°F. In addition to fluid characterization, these investigations also yielded several key lessons that should be applied to future field demonstrations of NG foam.

Beck, Griffin↗
DOE OSTI2021

Evaluation report on the Thermo Scientific TruDose (neutron,gamma) EPD3

This report summarizes an evaluation study on the Thermo Scientific TruDose n/γ EPD3 by LANL’s RP-SVS group. Two EPD3s were received for assessment (SNs 7500100 and 7500108) along with an EPD3 desktop reader. The evaluation included intercomparisons with Thermo’s N2 EPD which is in wide circulation at LANL but is no longer commercially available. A favourable assessment of the TruDose EPD3 would help support it as a viable option to replace the N2 EPD. The data and observations included in this report could also serve as the basis of a Technical Basis Document for the use of the EPD3 at LANL.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2023

X-ray Multilayers for Next-Generation Astrophysics Missions

In this work, we proposed to demonstrate the feasibility of high-reflectivity multilayer coatings that will enable next-generation astrophysics missions in the x-ray region (2 – 7 nm wavelengths) where currently high-performance coatings largely do not exist. This paucity is due to multilayer interfacial effects that severely reduce the coating reflectance; our approach was based on understanding these interfacial effects and on tailored process modifications to control and minimize them. The experimental validation of our approach was made difficult by our multilayer deposition tool being down for a large portion of the project. The required repairs used significant amount of funding and time, which forced to reduce the scope of the project. Our experimental study focused on Cr/C multilayers and their optimization using N2 reactive sputtering. We showed that the highest reflectance was achieved when depositing the multilayers with 35% N2, and with a larger Cr thickness ratio than what was initially predicted by simulations. This result consists of a 13% relative increase in reflectivity compared to our previous work. It will benefit upcoming NASA proposals and LLNL’s leadership in this area, as well as topics highly relevant to LLNL/DOE’s priority areas, such as x-ray laser science and semiconductor manufacturing. This work will be further investigated as part of a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Exploratory Research (ER) project starting in Fiscal Year (FY) 2024.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Multi-Parameter Optical Fiber for Distributed Sensing of Humidity, CH4, CO2, and Corrosion

This work describes the use of the optical fiber sensor (OFS) for successful monitoring of humidity, CH4, and CO2 based on the strain produced along the single-mode fiber (SMF) sensor. This is enabled by absorption of H2O/gases onto the commercially available polyacrylate coated jacketed portion of the fiber resulting in a change in strain. Under equilibrium, a differential microstrain was observed along the jacketed portion of the SMF with N2, CH4, and CO2 at different relative humidity (RH) conditions. The strain response of the SMF under various mixed gas composition and different RH conditions were also measured and made calibration curves accordingly. Linear regression and principal component analysis of the strain datasets provided deconvolution of the impact of strain from H2O, N2, CH4, and CO2. Additionally, modified OFS comprised of the Fe coated fiber section was employed to monitor corrosion based on the increase in backscattered intensity amplitude of the light being passed once corrosion of Fe occurs. Also, corrosion of Fe was studied under soil by installing the fiber in soil with protective measures which would prevent the sensor being mechanically disturbed or broken during installation. The corrosion rates were studied by monitoring the rate at which the intensity of backscattered light amplitude attains a steady state value when complete corrosion of Fe with a specific coating thickness occurs.

Mainali, Badri↗
DOE OSTI2025

Ensuring High-Purity Liquid Argon for the LBNF FDC: Collaborative Cryogenics Research Between UNICAMP and Fermilab

Ensuring High-Purity Liquid Argon for the LBNF FDC: Collaborative Cryogenics Research Between UNICAMP and Fermilab R. Doubnik1, M. Adamowski1, F. de M. Blaszczyk1, A. Hahn1, D. Montanari1, R. Mrowca1, Z. West1, C. Adriano2, T. P.M. Alegre2, D. Correia2, A. A. B. Machado2, E. Segreto2, R. G. Gonçalves3, E. M. Assaf6, J. M. Assaf3, D. Cardoso3, M. B. Fontes4, H. Da Motta4, D. Noriler5, P. J. G. Pagliuso2. 1 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia IL 60510, United States. 2 “Gleb Wataghin” Institute of Physics, UNICAMP, Campinas-SP, 13083-859, Brazil. 3 CPqMAE - Research Center on Advanced Materials and Energy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil. 4 The Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 22290-180, Brazil. 5 School of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP, Campinas-SP, 13083-859, Brazil. 6 São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13566-590, Brazil. Email: rdoubnik@fnal.gov Abstract. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, hosts the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). This experiment employs cryostats containing nearly 70,000 metric tons of high-purity liquid argon (LAr). Ensuring LAr purity is critical for achieving the required electron lifetime, which directly impacts the experiment’s signal-to-noise ratio. The Horizontal Drift (HD) detector demands an electron lifetime exceeding 3 ms within its 3.5 m drift, equivalent to less than 100 parts-per-trillion (ppt) Oxygen contamination, while the Vertical Drift (VD) detector requires over 6 ms electron lifetime within its 6.0 m drift, corresponding to less than 50 ppt Oxygen contamination. To mitigate Nitrogen (N2) quenching of scintillation light, N2 contamination must remain below 1 ppm, as higher levels can result in up to a 20 % loss of light. The Brazil State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) significantly contributes to LBNF FDC through the development of argon purification and regeneration systems for HD and VD cryostats. UNICAMP designed and constructed the Purification Liquid Argon Cryostat (PuLArC), a small-scale test facility holding approximately 90 liters of LAr. Tests using PuLArC demonstrated that 1.2 kg of Li-FAU zeolite could reduce N₂ contamination from 20-50 ppm to 0.1-1.0 ppm within 1-2 hours. Tests at Fermilab’s Iceberg cryostat (2,596 liters) confirmed scalability, with 3 kg of Li-FAU reducing N₂ contamination from ~5 ppm to <1 ppm over 96 hours cycles without active circulation. This presentation will detail the research methods, test setups, and results, showcasing the potential of Li-FAU as an alternative to Molecular Sieve 4A for large-scale LAr systems. This advancement enhances DUNE's precision and demonstrates the impact of international collaboration on cryogenic research.

Doubnik, Roza [Fermilab]↗