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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

AgRISTARS: Supporting research. US crop calendars in support of the early warning project

The crop calendars produced for the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE) and crop calendar samples for Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas are presented. These calendars are based on weekly crop reporting district level observations of the percentage of various crops at several growth stages. A sample of the statistical treatments of the weekly data is provided. Four to five years of 50-percent dates for stages on a crop reporting district level for Arkansas, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Ohio and Wisconsin are also given.

Hodges, T.↗
NASA NTRS1980

LANDSAT technology transfer to the private and public sectors through community colleges and other locally available institutions

Major first year accomplishments are summarized and plans are provided for the next 12-month period for a program established by NASA with the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan to investigate methods of making LANDSAT technology readily available to a broader set of private sector firms through local community colleges. The program applies a network where the major participants are NASA, university or research institutes, community colleges, and obtain hands-on training in LANDSAT data analysis techniques, using a desk-top, interactive remote analysis station which communicates with a central computing facility via telephone line, and provides for generation of land cover maps and data products via remote command.

Rogers, R. H.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Measurement of solar radiation at the Earth's surface

The characteristics of solar energy arriving at the surface of the Earth are defined and the history of solar measurements in the United States presented. Radiation and meteorological measurements being made at solar energy meteorological research and training sites and calibration procedures used there are outlined. Data illustrating the annual variation in daily solar radiation at Ann Arbor, Michigan and the diurnal variation in radiation at Albuquerque, New Mexico are presented. Direct normal solar radiation received at Albuquerque is contrasted with that received at Maynard, Massachusetts. Average measured global radiation for a period of one year for four locations under clear skies, 50% cloud cover, and 100% cloud cover is given and compared with the solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. The May distribution of mean daily direct solar radiation and mean daily global solar radiation over the United States is presented. The effects of turbidity on the direct and circumsolar radiation are shown.

Bartman, F. L.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Study of LANDSAT-D thematic mapper performance as applied to hydrocarbon exploration

Analysis of the tapes of the Detroit, Michigan scene, which were received in fully processed format with geometric and radiometric correction, shows evidence of an along line data slip every sixteenth line in TM channel 2. Very large scale products were therefore generated in false color using channels 1, 3, and 4. Subjective evaluation of these enhanced scenes indicates that they are acceptable for interpretation at scales up to 1:50,000 and should be useful for change mapping probably up to 1:24,000 scale. The significant striping visible in water bodies for both the natural color and false color products indicates that the detector calibration is probably performing below the preflight specification. Variance-covariance matrices were computed and principal component analysis were performed for a set of 512 x 512 windows within the Arkansas scene. Initial analysis shows the shortwave infrared channels (TM 5 and 6) are a highly significant data source. The thermal channel (TM 7) shows negative correlation with TM 1 through 4.

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NASA NTRS1982

The useful potential of using existing data to uniquely identify predictable wind events and regimes, part 1

Correlations between standard meteorological data and wind power generation potential were developed. Combined with appropriate wind forecasts, these correlations can be useful to load dispatchers to supplement conventional energy sources. Hourly wind data were analyzed for four sites, each exhibiting a unique physiography. These sites are Amarillo, Texas; Ludington, Michigan; Montauk Point, New York; and San Gorgonio, California. Synoptic weather maps and tables are presented to illustrate various wind 'regimes' at these sites.

Trettel, D. W.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Thematic mapper data quality and performance assessment in renewable resource/agricultural remote sensing

A "quick look" investigation of the initial LANDSAT-4, thematic mapper (TM) scene received from Goddard Space Flight Center was performed to gain early insight into the characteristics of TM data. The initial scene, containing only the first four bands of the seven bands recorded by the TM, was acquired over the Detroit, Michigan, area on July 20, 1982. It yielded abundant information for scientific investigation. A wide variety of studies were conducted to assess all aspects of TM data. They ranged from manual analyses of image products to detect obvious optical, electronic, or mechanical defects to detailed machine analyses of the digital data content for evaluation of spectral separability of vegetative/nonvegetative classes. These studies were applied to several segments extracted from the full scene. No attempt was made to perform end-to-end statistical evaluations. However, the output of these studies do identify a degree of positive performance from the TM and its potential for advancing state-of-the-art crop inventory and condition assessment technology.

Erickson, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Wildlife habitat evaluation demonstration project

To support the deer range improvement project in Michigan, the capability of LANDSAT data in assessing deer habitat in terms of areas and mixes of species and age classes of vegetation is being examined to determine whether such data could substitute for traditional cover type information sources. A second goal of the demonstration project is to determine whether LANDSAT data can be used to supplement and improve the information normally used for making deer habitat management decisions, either by providing vegetative cover for private land or by providing information about the interspersion and juxtaposition of valuable vegetative cover types. The procedure to be used for evaluating in LANDSAT data of the Lake County test site is described.

Burgoyne, G. E., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Study of LANDSAT-D thematic mapper performance as applied to hydrocarbon exploration

Two fully processed test tapes were enhanced and evaluated at scales up to 1:10,000, using both hardcopy output and interactive screen display. A large scale, the Detroit, Michigan scene shows evidence of an along line data slip every sixteenth line in TM channel 2. Very large scale products generated in false color using channels 1,3, and 4 should be very acceptable for interpretation at scales up to 1:50,000 and useful for change mapping probably up to scale 1:24,000. Striping visible in water bodies for both natural and color products indicates that the detector calibration is probably performing below preflight specification. For a set of 512 x 512 windows within the NE Arkansas scene, the variance-covariance matrices were computed and principal component analyses performed. Initial analysis suggests that the shortwave infrared TM 5 and 6 channels are a highly significant data source. The thermal channel (TM 7) shows negative correlation with TM 1 and 4.

Everett, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Comparison of Land Cover Information from LANDSAT MSS and Airborne TMS for Hydrological Applications: Preliminary Results

Land cover information for the Clinton River Basin (Michigan) derived from LANDSAT multispectral scanner (MSS) data was compared with that from airborne thematic mapper simulator (TMS) to investigate the probable capabilities of the thematic mapper (TM) launched aboard LANDSAT-4 in July 1982. The preliminary findings for one 7.5 minute topographic map, Mt. Clemens West, are reported. Significant improvements in land cover classification accuracy were obtained using TMS data as compared with MSS data. Overall mapping accuracy increased from 49 to 61 percent with an improvement from 71 to 84 percent in the residential category. A combination of four bands with one band in each major region of the spectrum (visible, near IR, middle IR and thermal IR) provided as good a discrimination of land cover as all seven TM bands. Based on the improved land cover classification accuracy of TM, TM data has the potential to provide more useful and effective input to US Army Corps of Engineers flood forecasting and flood damage prediction/assessment models.

Gervin, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Application of Satellite Frost Forecast Technology to Other Parts of the United States

Thermal infrared data taken from the GOES satellite over a period of several hours was color enhanced by computer according to temperature. The varying temperatures were then used to assist in frost forecasting. Input from Michigan and Pennsylvania to the cold climate mapping project is emphasized in the report of the second year's activities of a two year effort.

Martsolf, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Application of Satellite Frost Forecast Technology to Other Parts of the United States Phase II: Introduction

The history and status of University of Michigan and University of Pennsylvania involvement in determining if P-model for front prediction used in Florida is applicable to those geographic locations is reviewed. The possibility of using the S-model to develop a satellite front forecast system that can recall the distribution of temperatures during previous freezes from a particular area and bring that cold climate climatology to bear on present forecasts is discussed as well as a proposed GOES satellite downlink system to sectionalize the data used in Florida.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1981

MSU Test of P-model

Results of running key station data (soil, air, and dew point temperatures, net irradiation, and wind direction and speed) from Michigan through the P-model are presented. The details of each of the 55 error calculations are shown in tables. A histogram is included showing errors in degrees Fahrenheit.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1983

LANDSAT 4 image data quality analysis

A comparative analysis of TM and MSS data was completed and the results indicate that there are half as many separable spectral classes in the MSS data than in TM. In addition, the minimum separability between classes was also much less in MSS data. Radiometric data quality was also investigated for the TM by computing power spectrum estimates for dark-level data from Lake Michigan. Two significant coherent noise frequencies were observed, one with a wavelength of 3.12 pixels and the other with a 17 pixel wavelength. The amplitude was small (nominally .6 digital count standard deviation) and the noise appears primarily in Bands 3 and 4. No significant levels were observed in other bands. Scan angle dependent brightness effects were also evaluated.

Anuta, P. E.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Use of remote sensing for land use policy formulation

Multispectral scanning, infrared imagery, thematic mapping, and spectroradiometry from LANDSAT, GOES, and ground based instruments are being used to determine conifer distribution, maximum and minimum temperatures, topography, and crop diseases in Michigan's lower Peninsula. Image interpretation and automatic digital processing information from LANDSAT data are employed to classify and map the coniferous forests. Radiant temperature data from GOES were compared to temperature readings from the climatological station network. Digital data from LANDSAT is being used to develop techniques for detecting, monitoring, and modeling land surface change. Improved reflectance signatures through spectroradiometry aided in the detection of viral diseases in blueberry fields and vineyards. Soil survey maps from aerial reconnaissance are included as well as information on education, conferences, and awards.

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NASA NTRS1984

Spatial mapping of the thermospheric neutral wind field

There are many possible observing strategies available for mapping the thermospheric wind field by using observations of the Doppler shift of the O (1D) airglow with a Fabry-Perot interferometer. The determination of the neutral wind field from observed line-of-sight velocities invariably involves some assumptions about the nature of the wind field. A standard method of observing employs the assumption that horizontal gradients in the wind field are linear. An analysis of measurements from Arecibo, Puerto Rico, that makes use of this assumption, is discussed. For work at high latitudes this assumption may be unrealistic. An alternative approach that requires that local time and longitude be interchangeable but eschews the assumption of linear gradients has been developed and used at Ann Arbor, Michigan, and Calgary, Alberta. These different techniques are examined, and the discussion is illustrated with some typical results.

Tepley, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Study of spectral/radiometric characteristics of the Thematic Mapper for land use applications

Progress during the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan-ERIM's and 5 image data quality assessment program for the thematic mapper is described. Analyses of LANDSAT 5 TM radiometric characteristics were performed. Effects which had earlier been found in LANDSAT 4 TM data were found to be present in LANDSAT 5 data as well, including: (1) scan direction related signal droop; (2) scan correlated level shifts; and (3) low frequency coherent noise. Coincident LANDSAT 4 and 5 raw TM data were analyzed, and band by band relationships between the two sensors were derived. Earlier efforts which developed an information theoretic measure of multispectral information content were continued, comparing TM and MSS information content.

Malila, W. A.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Comparison of Land Cover Information from LANDSAT Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and Airborne Thematic Mapper Simulator (TMS) Data for Hydrologic Applications

Thematic mapper simulator (TMS) data produced a more accurate and spatially contiguous classification than MSS for the Clinton River Basin in Michigan. While the accuracy of the 4-band TMS data set was as good as the 7-band, the 3-band TMS data sets were also better than the MSS. The combination of bands selected based on the transformed divergence technique provided one band in each of the major regions of the spectrum: visible (band 3), near IR (band 4), middle IR (band 5) and thermal IR (band 7). These results should be viewed with some caution, since the data are from a TMS rather than the actual TM and the MSS data were obtained in early summer while the TMS was flown in late summer. The higher accuracies for the developed categories (residential and commercial) should improve the predictions of runoff in flood forecasting models and of flood damage for damage calculation models appreciably.

Gervin, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Dating Archean zircon by ion microprobe: New light on an old problem

Ion microprobe analysis of zircons from three sites (Watersmeet Dome in northern Michigan, Mount Sones in eastern Antarctica, and Mount Narryer in western Australia) is discussed. Implications of the results to Archean geochronology and early Earth crust composition are addressed.

Williams, I. S.↗