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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Status and perspectives of cLFV at Mu2e

Flavor physics offers a promising way to explore fundamental aspects of the standard model, such asthe mass hierarchy and electroweak symmetry breaking. Within this field, Charged Lepton FlavorViolation (CLFV) stands out as a phenomenon that is strongly suppressed in the Standard Model,making it an excellent probe for potential new physics. Ongoing CLFV experiments, includingMu2e, COMET, MEG, and Mu3e, are preparing for data collection in the coming decade. Amongthe possible searches in the muon sector (𝜇 → 𝑒𝛾, mu3e and muon conversion), two muonconversion experiments will start taking data in few years: Mu2e at Fermilab and COMET atJPArk. Both of them aim to improve the current sensitivity by several orders of magnitude. Thisviolation of charged lepton flavor presents an opportunity to explore novel physics on a scale notcurrently accessible through direct searches at contemporary or planned high-energy colliders.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Calibration of the Mu2e momentum scale using $\pi^{+}\rightarrow e^{+}\nu_{e}$ decays

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for the neutrinoless muon-to-electron conversion in the nuclear field by stopping negative muons on an Al target. The experimental signature of $\mu^{-}$ to $e^{-}$ conversion on Al is the observation of mono-energetic electrons with 104.97 MeV produced by the lepton violating reaction. Rejection of one of the most important experimental backgrounds coming from muon Decays-In-Orbit requires a momentum resolution $<1\%$ FWHM and a momentum scale calibrated to an accuracy of better than $0.1\%$ or $0.1$ MeV at an electron energy of $\sim$100 MeV. Among other momentum scale calibration techniques, the collaboration is considering using 68.9 MeV positrons from decays of stopped positive pions. This calibration measurement has a significant background dominated by the muon decays-in-flight affecting the calibration accuracy. In this article, we discuss the momentum calibration measurement results.

Tripathy, Sridhar [UC, Davis (main)] (ORCID:000000↗
DOE OSTI2011

Selection Tests of MnZn and NiZn Ferrites for Mu2e 300 kHz and 5.1 MHz AC Dipoles

Mu2e, a charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV) experiment is planned to start at Fermilab late in this decade. The proposed experiment will search for neutrinoless muon to electron conversions with unprecedented sensitivity, better than 6 x 10{sup -17 }at 90% CL. To achieve this sensitivity the incoming proton beam must be highly suppressed during the window for detecting the muon decays. The current proposal for beam extinction is based on a collimator design with two dipoles running at {approx}300 kHz and 5.1 MHz and synchronized to the proton bunch spacing. The appropriate choice of ferrite material for the magnet yoke is a critical step in the overall design of the dipoles and their reliable operation at such high frequencies over the life of the experiment. This choice, based on a series of the thermal and magnetic measurements of the ferrite samples, is discussed in the paper. Additionally, the first results from the testing at 300 kHz of a prototype AC dipole are presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Optimization of Extinction Efficiency in the 8-GeV Mu2e Beam Line

A muon-to-electron conversion experiment at Fermilab, Mu2e, is being designed to probe for new physics beyond the standard model at mass scales up to 10{sup 4} TeV. For this experiment, the advance in experimental sensitivity will be four orders of magnitude when compared to existing data on charged lepton flavor violation. The muon beam will be produced by delivering a proton beam contained in short 100-ns bunches onto a muon production target, with an inter-bunch separation of about 1700 ns. A critical requirement of the experiment is to ensure a low level of background at the muon detector consistent with the required sensitivity. To meet the sensitivity requirement, protons that reach the target between bunches must be suppressed by an enormous factor, so that an extinction factor, defined as a number of background protons between main bunches per proton in such a bunch, should not exceed 10{sup -9}. This paper describes the advanced beam optics and results of numerical modeling with STRUCT and MARS codes for a beam line with a collimation system that allows us to achieve the experimental extinction factor of one per billion.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

An Estimate of Out of Time Beam Upon Extraction for Mu2e

For future experiments at the intensity frontier precise and accurate knowledge of beam time structure will be critical to understanding backgrounds. The proposed Mu2e experiment calls for {approx} 200ns (FW, 40 ns rms) bunches of 3 x 10{sup 7} 8 GeV protons and a bunch spacing of 1695 ns. The interbunch beam must be suppressed from the main pulse by a factor of 10{sup -10}, this is known as the beam extinction requirement. Beam from Fermilab's Booster will be formed into 2.5 MHz buckets in the Fermilab Recycler then transferred to the Delivery Ring (formerly the Debuncher) and slow spilled from a single filled bucket in an h = 4 RF system. Because the final extinction level is not expected from the Delivery Ring an AC dipole and collimation system will be used to achieve final extinction. Here I present calculations leading to a first estimate of the extinction level expected upon extraction from the Delivery Ring of {le} 3.36 x 10{sup -4}. Intrabunch, residual gas scattering and scattering off the extraction septum are included. Contributions from bunch formation are not considered.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Optimization of AC Dipole Parameters for the Mu2e Extinction System

The Mu2e experiment is being planned at Fermilab to measure the rate for muons to convert to electrons in the field of an atomic nucleus with unprecedented precision. This experiment uses an 8 GeV primary proton beam consisting of short ({approx}200 nsec FW) bunches, separated by 1.7 {mu}sec. It is vital that out-of-bunch beam be suppressed at the level of 10{sup -10} or less. This poster describes the parametric analysis which was done to determine the optimum harmonics and magnet specifications for this system, as well as the implications for the beam line optics.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Tracking Simulation of Third-Integer Resonant Extraction for Fermilab's Mu2e Experiment

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab requires acceleration and transport of intense proton beams in order to deliver stable, uniform particle spills to the production target. To meet the experimental requirement, particles will be extracted slowly from the Delivery Ring to the external beamline. Using Synergia2, we have performed multi-particle tracking simulations of third-integer resonant extraction in the Delivery Ring, including space charge effects, physical beamline elements, and apertures. A piecewise linear ramp profile of tune quadrupoles was used to maintain a constant averaged spill rate throughout extraction. To study and minimize beam losses, we implemented and introduced a number of features, beamline element apertures, and septum plane alignments. Additionally, the RF Knockout (RFKO) technique, which excites particles transversely, is employed for spill regulation. Combined with a feedback system, it assists in fine-tuning spill uniformity. Simulation studies were carried out to optimize the RFKO feedback scheme, which will be helpful in designing the final spill regulation system.

Park, Chong Shik↗
DOE OSTI2015

Out-of-Time Beam Extinction in the MU2E Experiment

The Mu2e Experiment at Fermilab will search for the conversion of a muon to an electron in the field of an atomic nucleus with unprecedented sensitivity. The experiment requires a beam consisting of proton bunches 250 ns FW long, separated by 1.7 $\mu$ sec, with no out-of-time protons at the $10^{10}$ fractional level. Satisfying this "extinction" requirement is very challenging. The formation of the bunches is expected to result in an extinction on the order of $10^5$. The remaining extinction will be accomplished by a system of resonant magnets and collimators, configured such that only in-time beam is delivered to the experiment. Our simulations show that the total extinction achievable by the system is on the order of $10^{12}$, with an efficiency for transmitting in-time beam of 99.6%.

Prebys, E. J.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Forced Two-Phase Helium Cooling Scheme for the Mu2e Transport Solenoid

The Mu2e Transport Solenoid (TS) is an S-shaped magnet formed by two separate but similar magnets, TS-u and TS-d. Each magnet is quarter-toroid shaped with a centerline radius of approximately 3 m utilizing a helium cooling loop consisting of 25 to 27 horizontal-axis rings connected in series. This cooling loop configuration has been deemed adequate for cooling via forced single phase liquid helium; however it presents major challenges to forced two-phase flow such as “garden hose” pressure drop, concerns of flow separation from tube walls, difficulty of calculation, etc. Even with these disadvantages, forced two-phase flow has certain inherent advantages which make it a more attractive option than forced single phase flow. It is for this reason that the use of forced two-phase flow was studied for the TS magnets. This paper will describe the analysis using helium-specific pressure drop correlations, conservative engineering approach, helium properties calculated and updated at over fifty points, and how the results compared with those in literature. Based on the findings, the use of forced-two phase helium is determined to be feasible for steady-state cooling of the TS solenoids

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Beam Extinction Monitoring in the Mu2e Experiment

The Mu2e Experiment at Fermilab will search for the conversion of a muon to an electron in the field of an atomic nucleus with unprecedented sensitivity. The experiment requires a beam consisting of proton bunches approximately 200ns FW long, separated by 1.7 microseconds, with no out-of-time protons at the 10⁻¹⁰ fractional level. The verification of this level of extinction is very challenging. The proposed technique uses a special purpose spectrometer which will observe particles scattered from the production target of the experiment. The acceptance will be limited such that there will be no saturation effects from the in-time beam. The precise level and profile of the out-of-time beam can then be built up statistically, by integrating over many bunches.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

MARS Tracking Simulations for the Mu2e Slow Extracted Proton Beam

Particle tracking taking into account interactions with fields and materials is necessary for proper evaluation of the resonant extraction losses and geometry optimization for the extraction beam line. This paper describes the tracking simulations for the Mu2e Resonant Extraction and discusses the geometry choices made based on these simulations.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

High Voltage Design Considerations for the Electrostatic Septum for the Mu2e Beam Resonant

aTwo electrostatic septa (ESS) are being designed for the slow extraction of 8GeV proton beam for the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab. Special attention is given to the high voltage components that affect the performance of the septa. The components under consideration are the high voltage (HV) feedthrough, cathode standoff (CS), and clearing electrode ceramic standoffs (CECS). Previous experience with similar HV systems at Fermilab was used to define the evaluation criteria of the design of the high voltage components. Using electric field simulation software, high E-field intensities on the components and integrated field strength along the surface of the dielectric material were minimized. Here we discuss the limitations found and improvements made based on those studies.

Alvarez, Matthew L.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Calculating Residual Dose in Mu2e DS Hall

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab is a project designed to measure the neutrinoless conversion of muons into electrons. In this experiment there will be particle beams accelerated to relativistic energies impinging upon targets, producing fluxes of secondary particles. It’s among these fluxes where there are substantial fractions of high-energy stable particles arising in spallation and fragmentation reactions, leading to nuclear transmutations in the structural materials surrounding those targets. As a result of neutron activation of the walls and other materials, the structures become radioactive even after the beam has been turned off. This leads to the desire of quantifying the severity of this radiation hazard in order to comply with Fermilab radiological standards.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Hamamatsu PMT R7056 Study for the Extinction Monitoring System of the Mu2e Experiment at Fermilab

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab proposes to search for the coherent neutrino-less conversion of muons to electrons in the presence of a nucleus. The experimental signature for an aluminum target is an isolated 105 MeV electron exiting the stopping target no earlier than ~700 ns after the pulse of proton beam hits the production target. Any protons that hit the production target in between the pulses can lead to fake conversion electrons during the measurement period. We define the beam extinction as the ratio of the number of protons striking the production target between pulses to the number striking the target during the pulses. It has been established that an extinction of about 10-10 is required to reduce the backgrounds to an acceptable level. It would be desirable to measure the extinction of the beam coming out of the accelerator in a minute or less. Studies for the fast extinction monitor based on Hamamatsu PMT R7056 is the subject of this publication.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Design of the Mu2e Straw Tracker

The Mu2e experiment searches for charged lepton flavor violation, when a muon converts to an electron inside an aluminum atom In the Detector Solenoid, tracker and calorimeter measure properties of signal electrons from this process Electrons move downstream from stopping target, and tracker determines momenta by fitting their helical trajectories through a magnetic field.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

The Mu2e Tracker

The Mu2e experiment will search for neutrinoless conversion of muons into electrons In the field of an aluminum nucleus. The signature of this process is an electron with energy nearly equal to the muon mass. Precise and robust measurement of the outgoing electron momentum, combined with other background rejection methods, is essential to the experiment. We rely on a low-mass straw tube tracker to achieve these goals. The tracking system must operate in a vacuum and a 1 Tesla magnetic field. We have chosen to use about 20,000 thin-wall Mylar straws held under tension to avoid the need for support within the active volume. In addition to measuring the distance from the wire by drift time, subnanosecond measurement of signal propagation time will be used to measure position along the wire. The charge will be measured using ADCs to provide particle identification capability.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Production and Quality Assurance of Mu2e Calorimeter CsI Crystals

The Mu2e calorimeter is composed of 1348 CsI crystal arranged in two annular disk. Starting from March 2017 the characterization on the crystals has started. After a visual inspection and the mechanical test performed with a CMM, the optical properties and the irradiation damages are measured at the same time in Caltech and Fermilab. All the crystals from Siccas have already been tested while the expected end of Saint Gobain production is October 2019. The crystals from both vendor show excellent performance in agreement with the experiment specifications

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗