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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Quasilinear Analysis in the Source Region of Jovian Hectometric Emission Associated With Upward Electron Beams

Abstract Intense upward electron beams were measured by the Juno JADE instrument in the northern hemisphere, low‐latitude auroral zone source region. In this study we report on how these electron beams interact with plasma near and within the Jovian hectometric (HOM) emission (1 MHz 5 MHz) source region. Within the source region large upward loss cones are observed in the northern polar region at radial distances of 2Rj, magnetic latitude of . Intense, narrow electron beams ( 3 keV) are then observed, but within one second wave‐particle scattering is observed, filling the loss cone to energies 50 keV. These energies persist for several seconds before fading, leaving an empty loss cone again. The loss cone provides a free‐energy source for HOM emission resulting from the cyclotron maser instability. We use quasilinear analysis to examine the generation of HOM and the dynamics of wave‐particle interaction of the electron beams with HOM, and the generation via Landau interaction of whistler mode emission. The dynamic spectrum of the HOM emission generated by the loss‐cone electrons as well as that of the low‐frequency whistler‐mode waves generated by the up‐going electron beam can be constructed by quasilinear theory, which compare well with observation. The saturated state of the energetic electron velocity distribution function constructed via quasilinear theory also compare reasonably with observation.

Yoon, P. H. [Institute for Physical Science and Te↗
DOE OSTI2025

Visualizing interaction-driven restructuring of quantum Hall edge states

Many topological phases host gapless boundary modes that can be dramatically modified by electronic interactions. Even for the long-studied edge modes of quantum Hall phases, forming at the boundaries of two-dimensional (2D) electron systems, the nature of such interaction-induced changes has been elusive. Despite advances made using local probes, key experimental challenges persist: the lack of direct information about the internal structure of edge states on microscopic scales, and complications from edge disorder. Here, we use scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to image pristine electrostatically defined quantum Hall edge states in graphene with high spatial resolution and demonstrate how correlations dictate the structures of edge channels on both magnetic and atomic length scales. For integer quantum Hall states in the zeroth Landau level, we show that interactions renormalize the edge velocity, dictate the spatial profile for copropagating modes, and induce unexpected edge valley polarization that differ from those of the bulk. While some of our findings can be understood by mean-field theory, others show breakdown of this picture, highlighting the roles of edge fluctuations and inter-channel couplings. We also extend our measurements to spatially resolve the edge state of fractional quantum Hall phases and detect spectroscopic signatures of interactions in this chiral Luttinger liquid. Furthermore, our study establishes STM as a promising tool for exploring edge physics of the rapidly expanding 2D topological phases, including newly realized fractional Chern insulators.

Electronic properties and materials↗
DOE OSTI2020

How magnetic field can transform a superconductor into a Bose metal

Abstract We discuss whether a simple theory of superconducting stripes coupled by Josephson tunneling can describe a metallic transport, once the coherent tunneling of pairs is suppressed by the magnetic field. For a clean system, the conclusion we reached is negative: the excitation spectrum of preformed pairs consists of Landau levels, and once the magnetic field exceeds a critical value, the transport becomes insulating. As a speculation, we suggest that a Bose metal can exist in disordered systems provided that the disorder is strong enough to localize some pairs. Then the coupling between propagating and localized pairs broadens the Landau levels, resulting in a metallic conductivity. Our model respects the particle–hole symmetry, which leads to a zero Hall response. And intriguingly, the resulting anomalous metallic state has no Drude peak and the spectral weight of the cyclotron resonance vanishes at low temperatures.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Isotropically conducting (hidden) quantum Hall stripe phases in a two-dimensional electron gas

Quantum Hall stripe (QHS) phases, predicted by the Hartree-Fock theory, are manifested in GaAs-based two-dimensional electron gases as giant resistance anisotropies. In this communication, we predict a “hidden” QHS phase which exhibits isotropic resistivity whose value, determined by the density of states of QHS, is independent of the Landau index $N$ and is inversely proportional to the Drude conductivity at zero magnetic field. At high enough $N$, this phase yields to an Ando-Unemura-Coleridge-Zawadski-Sachrajda phase in which the resistivity is proportional to 1/$N$ and to the ratio of quantum and transport lifetimes. Experimental observation of this border should allow one to find the quantum relaxation time.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
NASA NTRS1992

Cellular instability in rapid directional solidification - Bifurcation theory

Merchant and Davis performed a linear stability analysis on a model for the directional solidification of a dilute binary alloy valid for all speeds. The analysis revealed that nonequilibrium segregation effects modify the Mullins and Sekerka cellular mode, whereas attachment kinetics has no effect on these cells. In this paper, the nonlinear stability of the steady cellular mode is analyzed. A Landau equation is obtained that determines the amplitude of the cells. The Landau coefficient here depends on both nonequilibrium segregation effects and attachment kinetics. This equation gives the ranges of parameters for subcritical bifurcation (jump transition) or supercritical bifurcation (smooth transition) to cells.

Braun, R. J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Fractional Quantum Hall Effect with Unconventional Pairing in Monolayer Graphene

Motivated by the observation of even denominator fractional quantum Hall effect in the n = 3 Landau level of monolayer graphene [Kim et al., Nat. Phys. 15, 154 (2019)], we consider a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer variational state for composite fermions and find that the composite-fermion Fermi sea in this Landau level is unstable to an f-wave pairing. Analogous calculation suggests the possibility of a p-wave pairing of composite fermions at half filling in the n = 2 graphene Landau level, whereas no pairing instability is found at half filling in the n = 0 and n = 1 graphene Landau levels. The relevance of these results to experiments is discussed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Insights into Cation Ordering of Double Perovskite Oxides from Machine Learning and Causal Relations

This work investigates origins of cation ordering in double perovskites using first-principles theory computations combined with machine learning (ML) and causal relations. We have considered various oxidation states of A, A', B, and B' from the family of transition metal ions to construct a diverse compositional space. A conventional framework employing traditional ML classification algorithms such as Random Forest (RF) coupled with appropriate features including geometry-driven and key structural modes leads to accurate prediction (~98%) of A-site cation ordering. We have evaluated the accuracy of ML models by employing analyses of decision paths, assignments of probabilistic confidence bound, and finally a direct non-Gaussian acyclic structural equation model to investigate causality. Our study suggests that structural modes are crucial for classifying layered, columnar, and rock-salt ordering. The charge difference between A and A' is the most important feature for predicting clear layered ordering, which in turn depends on the B and B' charge separation. We have also designed mathematical relationships with these features to derive energy differences to form clear layered ordering. Here, the trilinear coupling between tilt, in-phase rotation, and A-site antiferroelectric displacement in the Landau free-energy expansion becomes the necessary condition behind formation of A-site cation ordering.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Landau singularities of the 7-point ziggurat. Part II

We solve the Landau equations to find the singularities of nine three-loop 7-point graphs that arise as relaxations of the graph studied in [22]. Along the way we establish that Y – Δ equivalence fails for certain branches of solutions to the Landau equations. We find two graphs with singularities outside the heptagon symbol alphabet; in particular they are not cluster variables of Gr(4, 7). We compare maximal residues of scalar graphs exhibiting these singularities to those in $\mathcal{N}$ = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory in order to probe their cancellation from its amplitudes.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Induced axion-phason field in Weyl semimetals

Here, the Weyl semimetal in a constant magnetic field is investigated with the ground state for the lowest (n = 0) Landau levels corresponding to spin-down (σ 3 = -1). In the presence of an electron-phonon coupling in the ground state, an attractive interaction for the polarized spin and opposite chirality is generated. A two-body attractive interaction projected to the two lowest (n = 0) chiral Landau levels with the same spin polarization is obtained. The higher Landau level states (n ≠ 0) are treated at the one-loop approximation with the two chiralities containing spins polarized as σ 3 = ± 1. Using the chiral anomaly in one dimension we show that the sliding phase is controlled by the electric field. This theory, for a Weyl semimetal with two nodes in the direction of the applied magnetic field, gives rise to a sliding charge density wave observed by Gooth et al. [Nature (London) 575, 315 (2019)].

Axions↗
NASA NTRS1972

Theory and simulation of the beam cyclotron instability.

A theory of plasma beam cyclotron instability is developed on the basis of computer simulation experiments. The theory holds that at certain turbulence levels, electron cross-field diffusion which supresses the electron gyroresonances is created by turbulent wave-particle interactions in a plasma beam after a period of quasi-linear exponential development of turbulence. The stabilizing effect of Landau ion damping is noted. The behavior of cold and hot ions is discussed.

Lampe, M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Collisional excitation of electron Landau levels in strong magnetic fields

The cross sections for the excitation and deexcitation of the quantized transverse energy levels of an electron in a magnetic field are calculated for electron-proton and electron-electron collisions in light of the importance of the cross sections for studies of X-ray pulsar emission. First-order matrix elements are calculated using the Dirac theory of the electron, thus taking into account relativistic effects, which are believed to be important in accreting neutron stars. Results for the collisional excitation of ground state electrons by protons are presented which demonstrate the importance of proton recoil and relativistic effects, and it is shown that electron-electron excitations may contribute 10 to 20% of the excitation rate from electron-proton scattering in a Maxwellian plasma. Finally, calculations of the cross section for electron-proton small-angle scattering are presented which lead to relaxation rates for the electron velocity distribution which are modified by the magnetic field, and to a possible increase in the value of the Coulomb logarithm.

Langer, S. H.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Ion-wave current instabilities and anomalous resistivity.

A theory of ion-wave current instabilities which takes into account, in a self-consistent manner, the inhomogeneities generated by field-aligned currents in a collisionless plasma is presented. Diamagnetic current associated with the current-produced density gradient is included in the distribution. The theory predicts that for a given frequency, the current threshold for ion-wave current instabilities is, in general, much below the threshold of ion acoustic instability in a uniform plasma as given by Fried and Gould. The current threshold is essentially zero in the limit when the ion Landau damping effect is negligible, or equivalently, the ion-wave current instabilities are absolute if there are no limitations on the wavelength. This is true even in the absence of externally applied density gradients in contrast to Kadomtsev's drift-wave results. For dimensions of interest in laboratory plasmas, the predicted linear growth rate increases with increasing longitudinal wavelength and with decreasing wavelength parallel to the diamagnetic current. Under the conditions of an experiment on anomalous resistivity (the dimensions but not the geometry of the machine have been considered), there is good agreement between the predicted onset of ion-wave current instabilities and the experimental data on the onset of anomalous resistivity.

Kan, J. R.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Reimagining full wave rf quasilinear theory in a tokamak

The velocity dependent resonant interaction of particles with applied radiofrequency (rf) waves during heating and current drive in the presence of pitch angle scattering collisions gives rise to narrow collisional velocity space boundary layers that dramatically enhance the role of collisions as recently shown by Catto ( J. Plasma Phys. , vol. 86, 2020, 815860302). The behaviour is a generalization of the narrow collisional boundary layer that forms during Landau damping as found by Johnston ( Phys. Fluids , vol. 14, 1971, pp. 2719–2726) and Auerbach ( Phys. Fluids , vol. 20, 1977, pp. 1836–1844). For a wave of parallel wave number ${k_{||}}$ interacting with weakly collisional plasma species of collision frequency $\nu$ and thermal speed ${v_{\textrm{th}}}$ , the effective collision frequency becomes of order $\nu {({k_{||}}{v_{th}}/\nu )^{2/3}} \gg \nu $ . The narrow boundary layers that arise because of the diffusive nature of the collisions allow a physically meaningful wave–particle interaction time to be defined that is the inverse of this effective collision frequency. The collisionality implied by the narrow boundary layer results in changes in the standard quasilinear treatment of applied rf fields in tokamaks while remaining consistent with causality. These changes occur because successive poloidal interactions with the rf are correlated in tokamak geometry and because the resonant velocity space dependent interactions are controlled by the spatial and temporal behaviour of the perturbed full wave fields rather than just the spatially local Landau and Doppler shifted cyclotron wave–particle resonance condition associated with unperturbed motion of the particles. The correlation of successive poloidal circuits of the tokamak leads to the appearance in the quasilinear operator of transit averaged resonance conditions localized in velocity space boundary layers that maintain negative definite entropy production.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Ac losses in field-cooled type I superconducting cavities

As superconductors are cooled below their critical temperature, stray magnetic flux can become trapped in regions that remain normal. The presence of trapped flux facilitates dissipation of ac current in a superconductor, leading to losses in superconducting elements of microwave devices. In type II superconductors, dissipation is well-understood in terms of the dynamics of vortices hosting a single flux quantum. In contrast, the ac response of type I superconductors with trapped flux has not received much attention. Building on Andreev's early work (Andreev 1967 Sov. Phys. JETP 24 1019), here we show theoretically that the dominant dissipation mechanism is the absorption of the ac field at the exposed surfaces of the normal regions, while the deformation of the superconducting/normal interfaces is unimportant. We use the developed theory to estimate the degradation of the quality factors in field-cooled cavities, and we satisfactorily compare these theoretical estimates to the measured field dependence of the quality factors of two aluminum cavities. We also identify a regime in which the dissipated power depends weakly on the Ginzburg-Landau parameter; this makes it possible to apply our findings to cavities made of other materials, such as niobium.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
NASA NTRS1983

Apparent electrostatic ion cyclotron waves in the diffuse aurora

Emissions that have properties consistent with electrostatic ion cyclotron (EIC) waves have been observed at low altitude in the diffuse aurora by a sounding rocket payload. Peaks were observed in the power spectrum of the electric field near the hydrogen and oxygen ion cyclotron frequencies. Doppler shift and polarization analyses have been performed using EIC wave parameters derived from linear theory. Both analyses indicated that these emissions had properties consistent with those expected for H(+) and O(+) EIC waves. The two analyses indicated that both emission bands were due to waves propagating eastward parallel to the poleward boundary of the diffuse aurora. The large local cold plasma density and resulting Landau damping require that the source be local. Magnetometer data indicated the presence of a downward parallel current density of 5 microamps/sq m. Sufficient free energy for the waves was available from this current, although the waves were observed frequently at altitudes where the ion-neutral collision frequency exceeded the oxygen cyclotron frequency.

Bering, E. A.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Reimagining full wave rf quasilinear theory in a tokamak

The velocity dependent resonant interaction of particles with applied radio frequency (rf) waves during heating and current drive in the presence of pitch angle scattering collisions gives rise to narrow collisional velocity space boundary layers that dramatically enhance the role of collisions as recently shown by Catto (J. Plasma Phys., vol. 86, 815860302, 2020). The behavior is a generalization of the narrow collisional boundary layer that forms during Landau damping as found by Johnston (Phys. Fluids, vol. 14, 1971, pp. 2719-2726) and Auerbach (Phys. Fluids, vol. 20, 1977, pp. 1836-1844). For a wave of parallel wave number k|| interacting with weakly collisional plasma species of collision frequency ν and thermal speed vth , the effective collision frequency becomes of order ν(k_||v_th /ν)^2/3>> ν . The narrow boundary layers that arise because of the diffusive nature of the collisions allows a physically meaningful wave-particle interaction time to be defined that is the inverse of this effective collision frequency. The collisionality implied by the narrow boundary layer results in changes in the standard quasilinear treatment of applied rf fields in tokamaks while remaining consistent with causality. These changes occur because successive poloidal interactions with the rf are correlated in tokamak geometry and because the resonant velocity space dependent interactions are controlled by the spatial and temporal behavior of the perturbed full wave fields rather than just the spatially local Landau and Doppler shifted cyclotron wave-particle resonance condition associated with unperturbed motion of the particles. The correlation of successive poloidal circuits of the tokamak leads to the appearance in the quasilinear operator of transit averaged resonance conditions localized in velocity space boundary layers that maintain negative definite entropy production.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Relativistic Hartree–Fock chiral Lagrangians with confinement, nucleon finite size and short-range effects

A relativistic Hartree–Fock Lagrangian including a chiral potential and nucleon polarisation is investigated in hopes of providing a better description of dense nuclear matter. Here, we fully consider the contribution of the exchange Fock term to the energy and the self-energies, and in addition we investigate the nucleon’s compositeness and finite size effects (confinement and form factors) and short range correlations modeled by a Jastrow ansatz. These effects are added step by step, such that their impact on the dense matter properties can be analysed in details. The parameters of the model are adjusted to reproduce fundamental properties related to the QCD theory at low energy, such as the chiral symmetry breaking, nucleon’s quark substructure and Lattice-QCD predictions, as well as two empirical properties at saturation: the binding energy and the density. All other empirical parameters, e.g., symmetry energy and its slope, incompressibility modulus, effective mass, as well as spin–isospin Landau–Midgal parameter are predictions of the models and can be used to evaluate the gain of the different approximation schemes in describing nuclear properties. Bayesian statistics is employed in order to propagate parameter uncertainties into predictions for the nuclear matter properties. We show that the splitting of the effective Landau mass is largely influenced by the value of the ρ T coupling, and we show that the fit to the symmetry energy, which induces an increase of the coupling constant g ρ by about 20–25% compared to the case where it is fixed by the quark model, provides a very good EoS compatible with the present nuclear physics knowledge.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Origin and resummation of threshold logarithms in the lattice QCD calculations of PDFs

Many present lattice QCD approaches to calculate the parton distribution functions (PDFs) rely on a factorization formula or effective theory expansion of certain Euclidean matrix elements in boosted hadron states. In the quasi- and pseudo-PDF methods, the matching coefficient in the factorization or expansion formula includes large logarithms near the threshold, which arise from the subtle interplay of collinear and soft divergences of an underlying 3D momentum distribution. We use the standard prescription to resum such logarithms in the Mellin-moment space at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, which also accounts for the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi evolution, and we show that it can suppress the PDF at large x . Unlike the deep inelastic scattering and Drell-Yan cross sections, the resummation formula is away from the Landau pole. We then apply our formulation to reanalyze the recent lattice results for the pion valence PDF, and find that within the current data sensitivity, the effect of threshold resummation is marginal for the accessible moments and the PDF at large x.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗