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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Incidence, scaling relations and physical conditions of ionized gas outflows in MaNGA

ABSTRACT In this work, we investigate the strength and impact of ionized gas outflows within z ∼ 0.04 MaNGA galaxies. We find evidence for outflows in 322 galaxies ($12{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the analysed line-emitting sample), 185 of which show evidence for hosting an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Most outflows are centrally concentrated with a spatial extent that scales sublinearly with Re. The incidence of outflows is enhanced at higher masses, central surface densities, and deeper gravitational potentials, as well as at higher star formation rate (SFR) and AGN luminosity. We quantify strong correlations between mass outflow rates and the mechanical drivers of the outflow of the form $\dot{M}_{\rm out} \propto \rm SFR^{0.97}$ and $\dot{M}_{\rm out} \propto L_{\rm AGN}^{0.55}$. We derive a master scaling relation describing the mass outflow rate of ionized gas as a function of M⋆, SFR, Re, and LAGN. Most of the observed winds are anticipated to act as galactic fountains, with the fraction of galaxies with escaping winds increasing with decreasing potential well depth. We further investigate the physical properties of the outflowing gas finding evidence for enhanced attenuation in the outflow, possibly due to metal-enriched winds, and higher excitation compared to the gas in the galactic disc. Given that the majority of previous studies have focused on more extreme systems with higher SFRs and/or more luminous AGN, our study provides a unique view of the non-gravitational gaseous motions within ‘typical’ galaxies in the low-redshift Universe, where low-luminosity AGN and star formation contribute jointly to the observed outflow phenomenology.

Avery, Charlotte R.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Position-specific carbon isotope analysis of serine by gas chromatography/Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and an application to plant metabolism

Position-specific 13 C/ 12 C ratios within amino acids remain largely unexplored in environmental samples due to methodological limitations. We hypothesized that natural-abundance isotope patterns in serine may serve as a proxy for plant metabolic fluxes including photorespiration. Here we describe an Orbitrap method optimized for the position-specific carbon isotope analysis of serine to test our hypothesis and discuss the generalizability of this method to other amino acids. Position-specific carbon isotope ratios of serine were measured using a Thermo Scientific™ Q Exactive™ GC Orbitrap™. Amino acids were hydrolyzed from Arabidopsis biomass, purified from potential matrix interferences, and derivatized alongside standards. Derivatized serine (N,O-bis(trifluoroacetyl)methyl ester) was isolated using gas chromatography, trapped in a reservoir, and purged into the electron ionization source over tens of minutes, producing fragment ions containing different combinations of atoms from the serine-derivative molecule. The 13 C/ 12 C ratios of fragments with monoisotopic masses of 110.0217, 138.0166, and 165.0037 Da were monitored in the mass analyzer and used to calculate position-specific δ 13 C values relative to a working standard. This methodology constrains position-specific δ 13 C values for nanomole amounts of serine isolated from chemically complex mixtures. The δ 13 C values of fragment ions of serine were characterized with ≤1‰ precisions, leading to propagated standard errors of 0.7–5‰ for each carbon position. Position-specific δ 13 C values differed by up to ca 28 ± 5‰ between serine molecules hydrolyzed from plants grown under contrasting pCO 2 , selected to promote different fluxes through photosynthesis and photorespiration. The method was validated using pure serine standards characterized offline. Here this study presents the first Orbitrap-based measurements of natural-abundance, position-specific carbon isotope variation in an amino acid isolated from a biological matrix. We present a method for the precise characterization of isotope ratios in serine and propose applications probing metabolism in plants. We discuss the potential for extending these approaches to other amino acids, paving the way for novel applications.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Exploring spin symmetry-breaking effects for static field ionization of atoms: Is there an analog to the Coulson–Fischer point in bond dissociation?

Löwdin's symmetry dilemma is an ubiquitous issue in approximate quantum chemistry. In the context of Hartree-Fock (HF) theory, the use of Slater determinants with some imposed constraints to preserve symmetries of the exact problem may lead to physically unreasonable potential energy surfaces. On the other hand, lifting these constraints leads to the so-called broken symmetry solutions that usually provide better energetics, at the cost of losing information about good quantum numbers that describe the state of the system. This behavior has previously been extensively studied in the context of bond dissociation. Here, this paper studies the behavior of different classes of HF spin polarized solutions (restricted, unrestricted, and generalized) in the context of ionization by strong static electric fields. We find that, for simple two electron systems, unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) is able to provide a qualitatively good description of states involved during the ionization process (neutral, singly ionized, and doubly ionized states), whereas RHF fails to describe the singly ionized state. For more complex systems, even though UHF is able to capture some of the expected characteristics of the ionized states, it is constrained to a single M s (diabatic) manifold in the energy surface as a function of field intensity. In this case, a better qualitative picture can be painted by using generalized Hartree-Fock as it is able to explore different spin manifolds and follow the lowest solution due to lack of collinearity constraints on the spin quantization axis.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

A combinatorial droplet microfluidic device integrated with mass spectrometry for enzyme screening

Mass spectrometry (MS) enables detection of different chemical species with a very high specificity; however, it can be limited by its throughput. Integrating MS with microfluidics has a tremendous potential to improve throughput and accelerate biochemical research. In this work, we introduce Drop-NIMS, a combination of a passive droplet loading microfluidic device and a matrix-free MS laser desorption ionization technique called nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS). This platform combines different droplets at random to generate a combinatorial library of enzymatic reactions that are deposited directly on the NIMS surface without requiring additional sample handling. The enzyme reaction products are then detected with MS. Drop-NIMS was used to rapidly screen enzymatic reactions containing low (on the order of nL) volumes of glycoside reactants and glycoside hydrolase enzymes per reaction. MS “barcodes” (small compounds with unique masses) were added to the droplets to identify different combinations of substrates and enzymes created by the device. We assigned xylanase activities to several putative glycoside hydrolases, making them relevant to food and biofuel industrial applications. Overall, Drop-NIMS is simple to fabricate, assemble, and operate and it has potential to be used with many other small molecule metabolites.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Search for Majorana neutrinos exploiting millikelvin cryogenics with CUORE

The possibility that neutrinos may be their own antiparticles, unique among the known fundamental particles, arises from the symmetric theory of fermions proposed by Ettore Majorana in 1937. Given the profound consequences of such Majorana neutrinos, among which is a potential explanation for the matter–antimatter asymmetry of the universe via leptogenesis, the Majorana nature of neutrinos commands intense experimental scrutiny globally; one of the primary experimental probes is neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay. Here we show results from the search for 0νββ decay of 130 Te, using the latest advanced cryogenic calorimeters with the CUORE experiment3. CUORE, operating just 10 millikelvin above absolute zero, has pushed the state of the art on three frontiers: the sheer mass held at such ultralow temperatures, operational longevity, and the low levels of ionizing radiation emanating from the cryogenic infrastructure. We find no evidence for 0νββ decay and set a lower bound of the process half-life as 2.2 × 10 25 years at a 90 percent credibility interval. We discuss potential applications of the advances made with CUORE to other fields such as direct dark matter, neutrino and nuclear physics searches and large-scale quantum computing, which can benefit from sustained operation of large payloads in a low-radioactivity, ultralow-temperature cryogenic environment.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Pathway-based analyses of gene expression profiles at low doses of ionizing radiation

Radiation exposure poses a significant threat to human health. Emerging research indicates that even low-dose radiation once believed to be safe, may have harmful effects. This perception has spurred a growing interest in investigating the potential risks associated with low-dose radiation exposure across various scenarios. To comprehensively explore the health consequences of low-dose radiation, our study employs a robust statistical framework that examines whether specific groups of genes, belonging to known pathways, exhibit coordinated expression patterns that align with the radiation levels. Notably, our findings reveal the existence of intricate yet consistent signatures that reflect the molecular response to radiation exposure, distinguishing between low-dose and high-dose radiation. Moreover, we leverage a pathway-constrained variational autoencoder to capture the nonlinear interactions within gene expression data. By comparing these two analytical approaches, our study aims to gain valuable insights into the impact of low-dose radiation on gene expression patterns, identify pathways that are differentially affected, and harness the potential of machine learning to uncover hidden activity within biological networks. This comparative analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the molecular consequences of low-dose radiation exposure.

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTAN↗
DOE OSTI2025

Experimental parameters for plasma wakefield acceleration in a narrow plasma column

Recent theoretical advancements propose multiple positron acceleration schemes in plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA). One of the most promising ideas involves the creation of an electron-driven blowout wake within a finite-radius pre-ionized plasma column. This leads to the formation of an elongated region of sheath electrons at the closing of the first wake period capable of accelerating positrons while simultaneously providing a transverse focusing force. Additionally, the proposed scheme has shown to be a potential means of suppressing instabilities. We present an experimental opportunity to explore the narrow column PWFA at the Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests II (FACET-II): the E333 experiment. As a pivotal first step towards achieving positron acceleration in PWFA, we have planned a precursor experiment utilizing the currently available single-bunch electron beam to study the physics of the narrow plasma PWFA scheme. We outline the feasible experimental parameters, including beam and ionization laser parameters, along with the required laser optics for the experiment. The primary observable signatures for this stage of the experiment are the final energy spectrum and transverse position of the electron bunch, anticipating reduced energy loss and enhanced beam guidance in the narrow plasma column compared to the nominal PWFA. Comprehensive simulations are used to detail our experimental plan.

Lee, Valentina [University of Colorado, Boulder, C↗
DOE OSTI2022

A 100-Mrad (Si) JFET-based Sensing and Communications System for Extreme Nuclear Instrumentation Environments

Dry cask storage is one of two storage methods approved by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for spent fuel after removal from reactor cores. Dry casks consist of a stainless steel canister enclosed in a concrete overpack to contain the hazardous radioactive spent fuel rods and provide radiation shielding. Monitoring spent fuel storage casks is desired to ensure the safe containment of the enclosed spent fuel, but is very difficult due to the related harsh temperature and radiation environment. The sensors and associated electronics to monitor temperature, pressure, and/or radiation need to survive high temperatures and radiation doses for extended time periods. For this reason, there is a severe need for radiation-hardened electrical systems that survive well beyond the existing capabilities of commercially available radiation-rated electronic components, which have primarily been developed for space applications. Junction-gate field-effect transistor (JFET) devices are inherently radiation hardened [exceeding 100 Mrad (Si)]. Additionally, when JFETs are used as building blocks for sensing and communication electronics (i.e., oscillators, amplifiers, filters, and mixers), inherently radiation-hardened circuits can be achieved. To this end, JFET-based radiation-hardened electronics interfacing with cask-embedded sensors capable of driving modulated sensor signals through a stainless steel barrier were designed and tested at a dose rate of approximately 500 krad/h (Si) to beyond a 200-Mrad (Si) total ionizing dose. After 200 Mrad (Si), the sensor and communication circuit signals were correctly decoded at the receiver despite oscillator drift. The results from this experiment demonstrate the potential for creating more complex radiation-hardened JFET-based electrical systems for nuclear environments.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2024

Online characterization of primary and secondary emissions of particulate matter and acidic molecules from a modern fleet of city buses

The potential impact of transitioning from conventional fossil fuel to a non-fossil-fuel vehicle fleet was investigated by measuring primary emissions via extractive sampling of bus plumes and assessing secondary mass formation using the Gothenburg Potential Aerosol Mass (Go:PAM) reactor from 76 in-use transit buses. Online chemical characterization of gaseous and particulate emissions from these buses was conducted using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) with acetate as the reagent ion, coupled with the Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO). Acetate reagent ion chemistry selectively ionizes acidic compounds, including organic and inorganic acids, as well as nitrated and sulfated organics. A significant reduction (48 %–98 %) in fresh particle emissions was observed in buses utilizing compressed natural gas (CNG), biodiesels like rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), and hybrid-electric HVO (HVO HEV ) compared to diesel (DSL). However, secondary particle formation from photooxidation of emissions was substantial across all the fuel types. The median ratio of particle mass emission factors of aged to fresh emissions increased in the following order: DSL buses at 4.0, HVO buses at 6.7, HVO HEV buses at 10.5, RME buses at 10.8, and CNG buses at 84. Of the compounds that can be identified by CIMS, fresh gaseous emissions from all Euro V/EEV (Enhanced Environmentally friendly Vehicle) buses, regardless of fuel type, were dominated by nitrogen-containing compounds such as nitrous acid (HONO), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), and isocyanic acid (HNCO), alongside small monoacids (C 1 –C 3 ). Notably, the emission of nitrogen-containing compounds was lower in Euro VI buses equipped with more advanced emission control technologies. Secondary gaseous organic acids correlated strongly with gaseous HNO 3 signals (R 2 =0.85–0.99) in Go:PAM, but their moderate to weak correlations with post-photooxidation secondary particle mass suggest that they are not reliable tracers of secondary organic aerosol formation from bus exhaust. Our study highlights that non-regulated compounds and secondary pollutant formation, not currently addressed in legislation, are crucial considerations in the evaluation of environmental impacts of future fuel and engine technology shifts.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Resonant Auger decay of dissociating CH 3 I near the I 4d threshold

Resonant Auger processes provide a unique perspective on electronic interactions and excited vibrational and electronic states of molecular ions. Here, new data are presented on the resonant Auger decay of excited CH 3 I in the region just below the I 4d -1 ionization threshold. The resonances include the Rydberg series converging to the five spin–orbit and ligand-field split CH 3 I (I 4d -1 ) thresholds, as well as resonances corresponding to excitation from the I 4d 5/2,3/2 orbitals into the σ* lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. This study focuses on participator decay that populates the lowest lying states of CH 3 I + , in particular, the X̃ 2 E 3/2 and 2 E 1/2 states, and on spectator decay that populates the lowest-lying (CH 3 I 2+ )σ* states of CH 3 I + . The CH 3 I (I 4d -1 )σ* resonances are broad, and dissociation to CH 3 + I competes with the autoionization of the core-excited states. Auger decay as the molecule dissociates produces a photoelectron spectrum with a long progression (up to v 3 + ~ 25) in the C–I stretching mode of the X̃ 2 E 3/2 and 2 E 1/2 states, providing insights into the shape of the dissociative core-excited surface. Further, the observed spectator decay processes indicate that CH 3 I + is formed on the repulsive wall of the lower-lying (CH 3 I 2+ )σ* potentials, and the photon-energy dependence of the processes provides insights into the relative slopes of the (4d -1 )σ* and (CH 3 I 2+ )σ* potential surfaces. Data are also presented for the spectator decay of higher lying CH 3 I (I 4d -1 )nl Rydberg resonances. Photoelectron angular distributions for the resonant Auger processes provide additional information that helps distinguish these processes from the direct ionization signal.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Helium-electrospray improves sample delivery in X-ray single-particle imaging experiments

Abstract Imaging the structure and observing the dynamics of isolated proteins using single-particle X-ray diffractive imaging (SPI) is one of the potential applications of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). Currently, SPI experiments on isolated proteins are limited by three factors: low signal strength, limited data and high background from gas scattering. The last two factors are largely due to the shortcomings of the aerosol sample delivery methods in use. Here we present our modified electrospray ionization (ESI) source, which we dubbed helium-ESI (He-ESI). With it, we increased particle delivery into the interaction region by a factor of 10, for 26 nm-sized biological particles, and decreased the gas load in the interaction chamber corresponding to an 80% reduction in gas scattering when compared to the original ESI. These improvements have the potential to significantly increase the quality and quantity of SPI diffraction patterns in future experiments using He-ESI, resulting in higher-resolution structures.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Atomic autoionization in the photo-dissociation of super-excited deuterated water molecules fragmenting into D + + O + + D

We present the relaxation dynamics of deuterated water molecules via autoionization, initiated by the absorption of a 61 eV photon, producing the very rare D + + O + + D breakup channel. We employ the COLd target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy method to measure the 3D momenta of the ionic fragments and emitted electrons from the dissociating molecule in coincidence. We interpret the results using the potential energy surfaces extracted from multi-reference configuration interaction calculations. The measured particle energy distributions can be related to a super-excited monocationic state located above the double ionization threshold of D 2 O. The autoionized electron energy shows a sharp distribution centered around 0.5 eV, which is a signature of the atomic oxygen autoionization occurring in the direct and sequential dissociation processes of D 2 O + * at a large internuclear distance. In this way, an O + radical fragment and a low-energy electron are created, both of which can trigger secondary reactions in their environment.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Effects of charge exchange on the evaporative wind of HD 209458b

ABSTRACT The role of charge exchange in shaping exoplanet photoevaporation remains a topic of contention. Exchange of electrons between stellar wind protons from the exoplanet’s host star and neutral hydrogen from the planet’s wind has been proposed as a mechanism to create ‘energetic neutral atoms’ (ENAs), which could explain the high absorption line velocities observed in systems where mass-loss is occurring. In this paper, we present results from three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the mass-loss of a planet similar to HD 209458b. We self-consistently launch a planetary wind by calculating the ionization and heating resulting from incident high-energy radiation, inject a stellar wind into the simulation, and allow electron exchange between the stellar and planetary winds. We predict the potential production of ENAs by the wind–wind interaction analytically, and then present the results of our simulations, which confirm the analytic limits. Within the limits of our hydrodynamic simulation, we find that charge exchange with the stellar wind properties examined here is unable to explain the absorption observed at high Doppler velocities.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Parametric optimization of the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge ionization source coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer for neodymium isotope ratio determinations

Isotope ratio determinations are a valuable tool in several application areas. In nuclear forensics, the isotope ratios of uranium and plutonium are commonly used as a signature for the nuclear material's provenance and processing history. However, signatures from other coexisting elements, such as neodymium and samarium, can offer additional insights. Here, the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) ionization source coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer (MS) has demonstrated its utility for actinide measurements. This instrumental platform can leverage the high resolution offered by the Orbitrap MS to overcome potential isobaric interferences, such as 144 Nd- 144 Sm, 148 Nd- 148 Sm, and 150 Nd- 150 Sm pairs. The work presented herein demonstrates the rapid, accurate, and precise determination of the isotope ratios for neodymium using the LS-APGD/Orbitrap MS. Both the LS-APGD and Orbitrap MS parameters were optimized systematically, with NdO + found to be the most abundant, most reduced species after applying the optimal collision-induced dissociation modalities. A limit of detection of 3 pg of 142 Nd was achieved when data was acquired and processed using the FTMS Booster, an external data acquisition and processing system offered by Spectroswiss. Excellent accuracy of better than 99 % and precision of <1 % RSD were achieved when a solution of the well-characterized neodymium standard (JNdi-1 standard) was analyzed under the optimized condition, indicating the LS-APGD/Orbitrap's great potential for isotope ratio analysis of Nd and other REEs for diverse applications.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

The O K -2 V spectrum of CO: the influence of the second core-hole

Using synchrotron radiation in the tender X-ray regime, a photoelectron spectrum showing the formation of single site double-core-hole pre-edge states, involving the K shell of the O atom in CO, has been recorded by means of high-resolution electron spectroscopy. The experimentally observed structures have been simulated, interpreted and assigned, employing state-of-the-art ab initio quantum chemical calculations, on the basis of a theoretical model, accounting for their so-called direct or conjugate character. Features appearing above the double ionization threshold have been reproduced by taking into account the strong mixing between multi-excited and continuum states. The shift of the σ* resonance below the double ionization threshold, in combination with the non-negligible contributions of multi-excited configurations in the final states reached, gives rise to a series of avoided crossings between the different potential energy curves.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Overview of recent experimental results on the EAST Tokamak

Since the last IAEA-FEC in 2021, significant progress on the development of long pulse steady state scenario and its related key physics and technologies have been achieved, including the reproducible 403 s long-pulse steady-state H-mode plasma with pure radio frequency (RF) power heating. A thousand-second time scale (~1056 s) fully non-inductive plasma with high injected energy up to 1.73 GJ has also been achieved. The EAST operational regime of high β P has been significantly extended (H 98y2 > 1.3, β P ~ 4.0, β N ~ 2.4 and n e /n GW ~ 1.0) using RF and neutral beam injection (NBI). The full edge localized mode suppression using the n = 4 resonant magnetic perturbations has been achieved in ITER-like standard type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas with q 95 ≈ 3.1 on EAST, extrapolating favorably to the ITER baseline scenario. The sustained large ELM control and stable partial detachment have been achieved with Ne seeding. The underlying physics of plasma-beta effect for error field penetration, where toroidal effect dominates, is disclosed by comparing the results in cylindrical theory and MARS-Q simulation in EAST. Breakdown and plasma initiation at low toroidal electric fields (<0.3 V m -1 ) with EC pre-ionization is developed. A beneficial role on the lower hybrid wave injection to control the tungsten concentration in the NBI discharge is observed for the first time in EAST suggesting a potential way toward steady-state H-mode NBI operation.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Alignment Thresholds of Molecules

Molecules have long been known to align in moderately intense, far off-resonance laser fields with a large variety of applications in physics and optics. Here, we illustrate and describe the physical origin of a previously unexplored phenomenon in the adiabatic alignment dynamics of molecules, which is fundamentally interesting and also has an important practical implication. Specifically, the intensity dependence of the degree of adiabatic alignment exhibits a threshold behavior, below which molecules are isotropically distributed rotationally and above which the alignment rapidly reaches a plateau. Furthermore, we show that both the intensity and the temperature dependencies of the alignment of all linear molecules exhibit universal curves and derive analytical forms to describe these dependencies. Finally, we illustrate that the alignment threshold occurs very generally at a lower intensity than the off-resonance ionization threshold, a numerical observation that is readily illustrated analytically. The threshold behavior is attributed to a tunneling mechanism that rapidly switches off at the threshold intensity, where tunneling between the potential wells corresponding to the two orientations of the aligned molecules becomes impossible. The universal threshold behavior of molecular alignment is a simple phenomenon, but one that was not realized before and can be readily tested experimentally.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Quantitative Determination of Total Cesium in Savannah River Site (SRS) Tank Waste by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscropy

Utilization of the significant and unique wavelength dynamic range (165 to 1100 nm) available on the Leeman Prodigy Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-ES) allows for quantification of cesium using the emission line 894.347 nm without the potential of Barium interference in nuclear waste samples. Samples are added to a Sodium Peroxide Fusion and Lithium Carbonate buffer in 2% nitric acid solution to increase sensitivity of the easily ionizable (<6 eV) cesium for quantitation to 5 pbb. Through direct comparison of analytical data results, the method is proven to be complementary to the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis (LOQ 100 ppt) in support of the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Nuclear Waste Mission.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗