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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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A method of processing a collection of nucleic acid sequences is provided including connecting an adaptor to one or more or each nucleic acid sequence in the collection to create a processed nucleic acid template library, wherein the adaptor includes a first DNA sequence encoding a PAM sequence and at least a tracr mate.
Frequency shifts of an optical Nd : YAG/I{sub 2}-standard are measured in a pressure range of molecular iodine 5 – 22 mTorr and deviation of probe modulation frequency 480 kHz – 4 MHz for the hyperfine structure component a1 of the molecular iodine absorption line R(56) 32 – 0. The frequency shift of the optical standard is estimated under varied temperatures of a cell and cell finger, which determines the pressure of the molecular iodine vapour. The requirements are defined to temperature stability of the cell and its finger for obtaining high long-term frequency stability of the optical frequency standard. (paper)
This paper presents the combustion dynamic data and fuel modulation response of a three-cup Lean Direct Injection combustor developed by Woodward, FST. The test was conducted at the NASA Glenn Research Center CE-5 flame tube test facility. The facility provided inlet air up to 922 K and pressure up to 19.0 bar. At the low-power configuration, the combustion noise was quiet. Large combustion pressure oscillations were observed with the High-power configuration at an off design condition, with low inlet air temperature and pressure conditions and a high equivalence ratio (about T3=600 K, P3 = 800 kPa, and ER =0.46). The noise amplitude was as high as 1.5 psi at around 220 Hz. As inlet air pressure and temperature increased, this combustion instability decreased. Fuel modulated signals were produced with the WASK fuel modulator located in the fuel line upstream of the center cup pilot fuel-air mixer. The amplitudes of the modulated signals detected in the combustor were low. Only less than 0.13% (0.06 psi) of the input energy was detected, and the signal amplitudes decreased as the modulated frequencies increased. Interaction between the modulated signals and the combustion noise varied with operating conditions. At a condition with low combustion noise around 150 hz, modulating a signal at around the same frequency would increase the combustion noise from 0.2 psi to as high as 0.6 psi, whereas at a condition with a high combustion instability around 250 hz, the modulated signal did not seem to have much effect on the combustion noise.
Low frequency modulator design using single varactor diode as switching element
Use of multiple dees in frequency modulated cyclotron
Linear frequency modulation of locked oscillator design specifications
A semiconductor master oscillator-power amplifier was demonstrated using an anti-reflection (AR) coated broad area laser as the amplifier. Under CW operation, diffraction-limited single-longitudinal-mode powers up to 340 mW were demonstrated. The characteristics of the far-field pattern were measured and compared to a two-dimensional reflective Fabry-Perot amplifier model of the device. The MOPA configuration was modulated by the master oscillator. Prior to injection into the amplifier, the amplitude and frequency modulation properties of the master oscillator were characterized. The frequency response of the MOPA configuration was characterized for an AM/FM modulated injection beam, and was found to be a function of the frequency detuning between the master oscillator and the resonant amplifier. A shift in the phase was also observed as a function of frequency detuning; this phase shift is attributed to the optical phase shift imparted to a wave reflected from a Fabry-Perot cavity. Square-wave optical pulses were generated at 10 MHz and 250 MHz with diffraction-limited peak powers of 200 mW and 250 mW. The peak power for a given modulation frequency is found to be limited by the injected power and the FM modulation at that frequency. The modulation results make the MOPA attractive for use as a transmitter source in applications such as free-space communications and ranging/altimetry.
A scintillator-based Timepix3 (TPX3) detector was developed to resolve the high-frequency modulation of a neutron beam in both spatial and temporal domains, as required for neutron spin-echo experiments. In this system, light from a scintillator is manipulated with an optical lens and is intensified using an image intensifier, making it detectable with the TPX3 chip. Two different scintillators, namely, 6 LiF:ZnS(Ag) and 6 LiI:Eu, were investigated to achieve the high resolution needed for spin-echo modulated small-angle neutron scattering (SEMSANS) and modulation of intensity with zero effort (MIEZE). The methodology for conducting event-mode analysis is described, including the optimization of clustering parameters for both scintillators. The detector with both scintillators was characterized with respect to detection efficiency, spatial resolution, count rate, uniformity, and γ-sensitivity. The 6 LiF:ZnS(Ag) scintillator-based detector achieved a spatial resolution of 200 μm and a count rate capability of 1.1 × 10 5 cps, while the 6 LiI:Eu scintillator-based detector demonstrated a spatial resolution of 250 μm and a count rate capability exceeding 2.9 × 10 5 cps. Furthermore, high-frequency intensity modulations in both spatial and temporal domains were successfully observed, confirming the suitability of this detector for SEMSANS and MIEZE techniques, respectively.
Biphoton frequency combs (BFCs) are promising quantum sources for large-scale and high-dimensional quantum information and networking systems. In this context, the spectral purity of individual frequency bins will be critical for realizing quantum networking protocols like teleportation and entanglement swapping. Measurement of the temporal autocorrelation function of the unheralded signal or idler photons comprising the BFC is a key tool for characterizing their spectral purity and in turn verifying the utility of the biphoton state for networking protocols. Yet the experimentally obtainable precision for measuring BFC correlation functions is often severely limited by detector jitter. The fine temporal features in the correlation function—not only of practical value in quantum information, but also of fundamental interest in the study of quantum optics—are lost as a result. We propose a scheme to circumvent this challenge through electro-optic phase modulation, experimentally demonstrating time-resolved Hanbury Brown–Twiss characterization of BFCs generated from an integrated 40.5-GHz Si 3 N 4 microring, up to a 3×3-dimensional two-qutrit Hilbert space. Through slight detuning of the electro-optic drive frequency from the comb’s free spectral range, our approach leverages Vernier principles to magnify temporal features, which would otherwise be averaged out by detector jitter. We demonstrate our approach under both continuous-wave and pulsed-pumping regimes, finding excellent agreement with theory. In conclusion, our method reveals not only the collective statistics of the contributing frequency bins but also their temporal shapes—features lost in standard fully integrated autocorrelation measurements.
Confidence level of decision based on output of correlators of pulse frequency modulation systems
The use of cadmium telluride as an electrooptic material for intracavity modulation of CO2 lasers is described. Included are the predicted and measured effects of CdTe intracavity modulators on laser performance. Coupling and frequency modulation are discussed and experimental results compared with theoretically predicted performance for both techniques. Limitations on the frequency response of the two types of modulation are determined.
Threshold reduction techniques in frequency modulation demodulators - predetection filtering to reduce signal to noise ratio at frequency discriminator input
Frequency-modulation telemetry transmitter configurations for use in 1-GHZ to 2-GHZ FREQUENCY range - solid state integrated microwave circuits
We have investigated the effect of uneven data spacing on the computation of delta (sub chi)(gamma). Evenly spaced simulated data sets were generated for noise processes ranging from white phase modulation (PM) to random walk frequency modulation (FM). Delta(sub chi)(gamma) was then calculated for each noise type. Data were subsequently removed from each simulated data set using typical two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) data patterns to create two unevenly spaced sets with average intervals of 2.8 and 3.6 days. Delta(sub chi)(gamma) was then calculated for each sparse data set using two different approaches. First the missing data points were replaced by linear interpolation and delta (sub chi)(gamma) calculated from this now full data set. The second approach ignored the fact that the data were unevenly spaced and calculated delta(sub chi)(gamma) as if the data were equally spaced with average spacing of 2.8 or 3.6 days. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages, and techniques are presented for correcting errors caused by uneven data spacing in typical TWSTFT data sets.
Limited phase deviation frequency multiplier phase modulator - application to radio frequency test console equipment
A correlation spectrometer permanently incorporates a reference cell and an electro-optical phase modulator (EOPM) in the light path between a sample cell and a detector. The effect of the EOPM is such that its frequency modulates all of the monochromatic component of the incoherent radiation passing through it. The EOPM is adjusted so that when it is ON all of the energy in the monochromatic components is thrown into sidebands differing from the original frequencies by integral multiples of the modulation frequency with the total amount of energy absorbed from the original radiation remaining constant. When there is no coincidence between the constituents in the two cells, the detector's output is the same when the EOPM is ON and when it is OFF. However, when there is coincidence the detector's output changes when the EOPM is switched between its two states. The change in the detector's output is related to the quantity of the constituents in the sample cell.
Coherent demodulation in double sideband frequency modulation telemetry system
Atomic frequency standards using square-wave frequency modulation effectively interrogate the atomic line by switching back and forth between two frequencies with equal atomic absorption values.