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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

Effect of splitter plate on unsteady flows around a body of revolution at incidence

Numerical solutions of the thin-layer approximation of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations are presented for flows around an ogive-cylinder body with and without a splitter plate. It is suggested that the presence of the splitter plate prevents the interaction between flows on either side of the symmetry plane. It is concluded that, as a result of the enforced symmetry, the antisymmetric mode of the convective instability near the apex of the body cannot be excited and, therefore, the vortices remain symmetric, staying low and parallel to the upper body surface. The antisymmetric mode of the absolute instability mechanism cannot be initiated, which suppresses the alternate shedding of vortices from the cylindrical portion of the body. High-frequency fluctuations of the shear layer are found to remain virtually unaffected by the presence of the splitter plate.

Degani, David↗
NASA NTRS1988

The equations of motion for a general orbiting large space flexible system

General motion equations in compact form using dyadic notation are developed for an orbiting flexible body of arbitrary shape. The equations are applied to three typical flexible space systems: a flexible beam, a flexible plate, and a flexible shallow spherical shell in orbit. The inertia dyadic of these flexible bodies may be calculated using the equations which have been obtained.

Xing, Guangqian↗
NASA NTRS1984

Numerical simulation of boundary-layer transition

The transition to turbulence in boundary layers was investigated by direct numerical solution of the nonlinear, three-dimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in the half-infinite domain over a flat plate. Periodicity was imposed in the streamwise and spanwise directions. A body force was applied to approximate the effect of a nonparallel mean flow. The numerical method was spectra, based on Fourier series and Jacobi polynomials, and used divergence-free basis functions. Extremely rapid convergence was obtained when solving the linear Orr-Sommerfeld equation. The early nonlinear and three-dimensional stages of transition, in a boundary layer disturbed by a vibrating ribbon, were successfully simulated. Excellent qualitative agreement was observed with either experiments or weakly nonlinear theories. In particular, the breakdown pattern was staggered or nonstaggered depending on the disturbance amplitude.

Spalart, P. R.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Effect of leading-edge geometry on boundary-layer receptivity to freestream sound

The receptivity to freestream sound of the laminar boundary layer over a semi-infinite flat plate with an elliptic leading edge is simulated numerically. The incompressible flow past the flat plate is computed by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations in general curvilinear coordinates. A finite-difference method which is second-order accurate in space and time is used. Spatial and temporal developments of the Tollmien-Schlichting wave in the boundary layer, due to small-amplitude time-harmonic oscillations of the freestream velocity that closely simulate a sound wave travelling parallel to the plate, are observed. The effect of leading-edge curvature is studied by varying the aspect ratio of the ellipse. The boundary layer over the flat plate with a sharper leading edge is found to be less receptive. The relative contribution of the discontinuity in curvature at the ellipse-flat-plate juncture to receptivity is investigated by smoothing the juncture with a polynomial. Continuous curvature leads to less receptivity. A new geometry of the leading edge, a modified super ellipse, which provides continuous curvature at the juncture with the flat plate, is used to study the effect of continuous curvature and inherent pressure gradient on receptivity.

Lin, Nay↗
NASA NTRS1992

Implementation of Vigneron's streamwise pressure gradient approximation in the PNS equations

For single sweep parabolized Navier-Stokes solvers, the streamwise pressure gradient must be modified in the subsonic region to eliminate numerical instabilities. The accuracy of this modification on the solution of the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations with Vigneron's technique is shown to depend on how the numerical approximation of the pressure gradient is formed. A simple test case of supersonic laminar flow over a flat plate is computed with two different numerical methods for solving the PNS equations. Significant errors in the temperature profile and skin friction coefficient are demonstrated using a fully conservative differencing treatment of Vigneron's splitting for the pressure gradient typically used in parabolized Navier-Stokes solvers. The physical reason for this error is discussed. An alternate formulation is demonstrated which minimizes these errors.

Morrison, Joseph H.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Applications of the Space-Time Conservation Element and Solution Element (CE/SE) Method to Computational Aeroacoustic Benchmark Problems

The Internal Propagation problems, Fan Noise problem, and Turbomachinery Noise problems are solved using the space-time conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) method. The problems in internal propagation problems address the propagation of sound waves through a nozzle. Both the nonlinear and linear quasi 1D Euler equations are solved. Numerical solutions are presented and compared with the analytical solution. The fan noise problem concerns the effect of the sweep angle on the acoustic field generated by the interaction of a convected gust with a cascade of 3D flat plates. A parallel version of the 3D CE/SE Euler solver is developed and employed to obtain numerical solutions for a family of swept flat plates. Numerical solutions for sweep angles of 0, 5, 10, and 15 deg are presented. The turbomachinery problems describe the interaction of a 2D vortical gust with a cascade of flat-plate airfoils with/without a downstream moving grid. The 2D nonlinear Euler Equations are solved and the converged numerical solutions are presented and compared with the corresponding analytical solution. All the comparisons demonstrate that the CE/SE method is capable of solving aeroacoustic problems with/without shock waves in a simple and efficient manner. Furthermore, the simple non-reflecting boundary condition used in the CE/SE method which is not based on the characteristic theory works very well in 1D, 2D and 3D problems.

Wang, Xiao-Yen↗
NASA NTRS1993

Nonlinear vibrations of thin arbitrarily laminated composite plates subjected to harmonic excitations using DKT elements

A finite element formulation is presented for determining the large-amplitude free and steady-state forced vibration response of arbitrarily laminated anisotropic composite thin plates using the Discrete Kirchhoff Theory (DKT) triangular elements. The nonlinear stiffness and harmonic force matrices of an arbitrarily laminated composite triangular plate element are developed for nonlinear free and forced vibration analyses. The linearized updated-mode method with nonlinear time function approximation is employed for the solution of the system nonlinear eigenvalue equations. The amplitude-frequency relations for convergence with gridwork refinement, triangular plates, different boundary conditions, lamination angles, number of plies, and uniform versus concentrated loads are presented.

Chiang, C. K.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Nonlinear effects in the coupled response of tiles bonded to a plate

The coupled response to a large impulse on tiles bonded to a finite plate is studied. The analysis includes geometric nonlinearity born from boundary restraint in the plane, which stiffens the plate transversely. It also includes material nonlinearities born from plasticity of the plate's material and from properties of a polymer bond including memory and dissipation. The equations of motion are solved by the Galerkin method using linearized eigenfunctions of the system as trial functions. A strip of plate which is one tile wide is modeled.

El-Raheb, M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Temperature-dependent creep buckling of plates

Time-dependent lateral deflection of flat rectangular plates is predicted by the Norton-Bailey (Norton 1929, Bailey 1935) power law for material creep. The plates have a through-thickness steady-state temperature distribution, and the effects are considered by using Maxwell's law to modify the power creep law. Equations are derived for creep exponents of 3 and 5, using the sandwich plate element to predict creep buckling of plates. Predictions of creep buckling with a temperature variation between the inner and outer plate surfaces are found to be somewhat dependent on the creep buckling relationship assumed. When significant scatter justifies a variation in the creep constants up to an order of magnitude, discrepancies in predictions using the two exponents are reasonable, and for one engineering material, the predictions have the same degree of agreement with experimental data as have the respective creep laws.

Ross, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1989

On finite element implementation and computational techniques for constitutive modeling of high temperature composites

The research work performed during the past year on finite element implementation and computational techniques pertaining to high temperature composites is outlined. In the present research, two main issues are addressed: efficient geometric modeling of composite structures and expedient numerical integration techniques dealing with constitutive rate equations. In the first issue, mixed finite elements for modeling laminated plates and shells were examined in terms of numerical accuracy, locking property and computational efficiency. Element applications include (currently available) linearly elastic analysis and future extension to material nonlinearity for damage predictions and large deformations. On the material level, various integration methods to integrate nonlinear constitutive rate equations for finite element implementation were studied. These include explicit, implicit and automatic subincrementing schemes. In all cases, examples are included to illustrate the numerical characteristics of various methods that were considered.

Saleeb, A. F.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Combined radiation, convection, and conduction for a system with a partially transmitting wall

The net radiation method is developed for systems having both opaque and partially transparent walls. Heat convection is present at the surfaces and heat conduction through the windows is taken into account. Specific equations are derived for a window between two parallel plates, where one plate is at an elevated temperature typical of what would be encountered in an electric furnace, and the other plate is being cooled. A two-band model is used with cutoff wavelengths typical of glass or quartz. Numerical results are obtained for the window temperature and the heat flow through the window. The effect on these quantities of various plate temperatures and emissivities is shown.

Siegel, R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The modeling and design of the Annular Suspension and Pointing System /ASPS/

The Annular Suspension and Pointing System (ASPS) is a payload auxiliary pointing device of the Space Shuttle. The ASPS is comprised of two major subassemblies, a vernier and a coarse pointing subsystem. The three functions provided by the ASPS are related to the pointing of the payload, centering the payload in the magnetic actuator assembly, and tracking the payload mounting plate and shuttle motions by the coarse gimbals. The equations of motion of a simplified planar model of the ASPS are derived. Attention is given to a state diagram of the dynamics of the ASPS with position-plus-rate controller, the nonlinear spring characteristic for the wire-cable torque of the ASPS, the design of the analog ASPS through decoupling and pole placement, and the time response of different components of the continuous control system.

Kuo, B. C.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Optimal control of distributed parameter elastic systems

This paper presents an analytical solution to the Riccati equation for self-adjoint systems such as beams, plates, strings and membranes moving in space, and shows how the optimal control law can be implemented using the given solution. It is then shown that there always exists a self-adjoint operator describing the distribution of potential energy if the state space is appropriately augmented. A beam-like gravity-stabilized satellite moving in a circular orbit around the earth is used to illustrate the main results in this paper.

Juang, J.-N.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Accounting For Compressibility In Viscous Flow In Pipes

Method developed to account for effects of compressibility in viscous flows through long, circular pipes of uniform diameter. Based on approximation of variations in density and velocity across pipe cross section by profile equations developed for boundary-layer flow between flat plates.

Steinle, Frank W.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Applications of the conjugate gradient FFT method in scattering and radiation including simulations with impedance boundary conditions

The theoretical and computational aspects related to the application of the Conjugate Gradient FFT (CGFFT) method in computational electromagnetics are examined. The advantages of applying the CGFFT method to a class of large scale scattering and radiation problems are outlined. The main advantages of the method stem from its iterative nature which eliminates a need to form the system matrix (thus reducing the computer memory allocation requirements) and guarantees convergence to the true solution in a finite number of steps. Results are presented for various radiators and scatterers including thin cylindrical dipole antennas, thin conductive and resistive strips and plates, as well as dielectric cylinders. Solutions of integral equations derived on the basis of generalized impedance boundary conditions (GIBC) are also examined. The boundary conditions can be used to replace the profile of a material coating by an impedance sheet or insert, thus, eliminating the need to introduce unknown polarization currents within the volume of the layer. A general full wave analysis of 2-D and 3-D rectangular grooves and cavities is presented which will also serve as a reference for future work.

Barkeshli, Kasra↗
NASA NTRS1992

The remarkable ability of turbulence model equations to describe transition

This paper demonstrates how well the k-omega turbulence model describes the nonlinear growth of flow instabilities from laminar flow into the turbulent flow regime. Viscous modifications are proposed for the k-omega model that yield close agreement with measurements and with Direct Numerical Simulation results for channel and pipe flow. These modifications permit prediction of subtle sublayer details such as maximum dissipation at the surface, k approximately y(exp 2) as y approaches 0, and the sharp peak value of k near the surface. With two transition specific closure coefficients, the model equations accurately predict transition for an incompressible flat-plate boundary layer. The analysis also shows why the k-epsilon model is so difficult to use for predicting transition.

Wilcox, David C.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Numerical simulation of supersonic boundary layer transition

The present contribution reviews some of the recent progress obtained at our group in the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of compressible boundary layer transition. Elements of the different simulation approaches and numerical techniques employed are surveyed. Temporal and spatial simulations, as well as comparisons with results obtained from Parabolized Stability Equations, are discussed. DNS results are given for flat plate boundary layers in the Mach number range 1.6 to 4.5. A temporal DNS at Mach 4.5 has been continued through breakdown all the way to the turbulent stage. In addition results obtained with a recently developed extended temporal DNS approach are presented, which takes into account some nonparallel effects of a growing boundary layer. Results from this approach are quite close to those of spatial DNS, while preserving the efficiency of the temporal DNS.

Guo, Y.↗