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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2002

Comparisons of Kinematics and Dynamics Simulation Software Tools

Kinematic and dynamic analyses for moving bodies are essential to system engineers and designers in the process of design and validations. 3D visualization and motion simulation plus finite element analysis (FEA) give engineers a better way to present ideas and results. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) system engineering researchers are currently using IGRIP from DELMIA Inc. as a kinematic simulation tool for discrete bodies motion simulations. Although IGRIP is an excellent tool for kinematic simulation with some dynamic analysis capabilities in robotic control, explorations of other alternatives with more powerful dynamic analysis and FEA capabilities are necessary. Kinematics analysis will only examine the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the mechanism without considering effects from masses of components. With dynamic analysis and FEA, effects such as the forces or torques at the joint due to mass and inertia of components can be identified. With keen market competition, ALGOR Mechanical Event Simulation (MES), MSC visualNastran 4D, Unigraphics Motion+, and Pro/MECHANICA were chosen for explorations. In this study, comparisons between software tools were presented in terms of following categories: graphical user interface (GUI), import capability, tutorial availability, ease of use, kinematic simulation capability, dynamic simulation capability, FEA capability, graphical output, technical support, and cost. Propulsion Test Article (PTA) with Fastrac engine model exported from IGRIP and an office chair mechanism were used as examples for simulations.

Yeu-Sheng Paul Shiue↗
NASA NTRS1989

The inverse gravimetric problem in gravity modelling

One of the main purposes of geodesy is to determine the gravity field of the Earth in the space outside its physical surface. This purpose can be pursued without any particular knowledge of the internal density even if the exact shape of the physical surface of the Earth is not known, though this seems to entangle the two domains, as it was in the old Stoke's theory before the appearance of Molodensky's approach. Nevertheless, even when large, dense and homogeneous data sets are available, it was always recognized that subtracting from the gravity field the effect of the outer layer of the masses (topographic effect) yields a much smoother field. This is obviously more important when a sparse data set is bad so that any smoothing of the gravity field helps in interpolating between the data without raising the modeling error, this approach is generally followed because it has become very cheap in terms of computing time since the appearance of spectral techniques. The mathematical description of the Inverse Gravimetric Problem (IGP) is dominated mainly by two principles, which in loose terms can be formulated as follows: the knowledge of the external gravity field determines mainly the lateral variations of the density; and the deeper the density anomaly giving rise to a gravity anomaly, the more improperly posed is the problem of recovering the former from the latter. The statistical relation between rho and n (and its inverse) is also investigated in its general form, proving that degree cross-covariances have to be introduced to describe the behavior of rho. The problem of the simultaneous estimate of a spherical anomalous potential and of the external, topographic masses is addressed criticizing the choice of the mixed collection approach.

Sanso, F.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Viscous-shock-layer solutions with radiation and ablation injection for Jovian entry

This paper presents results that describe the flow field and surface response conditions for a planetary probe entering the atmosphere of Jupiter. The results are obtained with a viscous-shock-layer analysis which includes mass injection, radiative transfer, diffusion, and viscous effects. Radiative transfer is calculated with an existing nongray radiation model that accounts for molecular band, atomic line, and continuum transitions. Particular emphasis is given to the effect of mass injection on the stagnation and downstream flow. Results for both specified and coupled mass injection are obtained for a carbon heat shield.

Moss, J. N.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Gravity and body mass regulation

The effects of altered gravity on body mass, food intake, energy expenditure, and body composition are examined. Metabolic adjustments are reviewed in maintenance of energy balance, neural regulation, and humoral regulation are discussed. Experiments with rats indicate that genetically obese rats respond differently to hypergravity than lean rats.

NASA Discipline Regulatory Physiology↗
NASA NTRS1990

The effect of volume phase changes, mass transport, sunlight penetration, and densification on the thermal regime of icy regoliths

The present quantitative modeling of convective, condensational, and sublimational effects on porous ice crust volumes subjected to solar radiation encompasses the effect of such insolation's penetration of visible bandpass-translucent light, but opaque to the IR bandpass. Quasi-steady-state temperatures, H2O mass fluxes, and ice mass-density change rates are computed as functions of time of day and ice depth. When the effects of latent heat and mass transport are included in the model, the enhancement of near-surface temperature due to the 'solid-state greenhouse effect' is substantially diminished. When latent heat, mass transport, and densification effects are considered, however, a significant solid-state greenhouse effect is shown to be compatible with both morphological evidence for high crust strengths and icy shell decoupling from the lithosphere.

Fanale, Fraser P.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Radio telescopes as the detectors of super-high-energy neutrinos

The registration of super high energy neutrinos is a very difficult and also very important problem that requires construction of detectors with large effective target masses. Askaryan pointed out the possibility of registering cascades in dense media by the Cherenkov radio emission of an excess of negative charges in the cascades which arose in interaction between high energy particles and the atoms of medium. The telescopes for cosmic high energy neutrino detection by radioemission of cascades induced underground, but whose development continues in the atmosphere were proposed by others. The effective target masses of such detectors could be approx. 10(exp 9) tons and more. The properties of Cherenkov radio emission of cascades and the properties of ice in the Antarctic Region make it possible to propose Radio Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detection (RAMAND): antennas should be placed on the ice surface of approx. 10 sq km to search for radio signals for neutrino (muon) cascades of energy. It is evident from data given that the largest radio telescopes gives the opportunity for registration of the cascades induced by neutrinos with the energies E is greater than or = 10(exp 20) eV.

Dagkesamansky, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The effect of the hot oxygen corona on the interaction of the solar wind with Venus

A numerical gasdynamic model, which includes the effects of mass loading of the shocked solar wind, was used to calculate the density and magnetic field variations in the magnetosheath of Venus. These calculations were carried out for conditions corresponding to a specific orbit of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO orbit 582). A comparison of the model predictions and the measured shock position, density and magnetic field values showed a reasonable agreement, indicating that a gasdynamic model that includes the effects of mass loading can be used to predict these parameters.

Belotserkovskii, O. M.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Prominence mass ejections and their effects on the corona. I - The eruptive prominence of 21 August 1973 and the surge of 4 December 1973

A previous treatment of prominence-induced coronal responses is extended to X-ray and H-alpha observations of an eruptive prominence and a surge by using a time-dependent two-dimensional single-fluid MHD computer code that neglects dissipation and radiation. The two events and their observation are described, and some physical parameters of the coronal plasma are derived. The observed coronal responses to ascending prominences are analyzed with the aid of the cited computer code. The results obtained indicate that: (1) the coronal response to an eruptive prominence may be simulated with a density-dominated pressure pulse of long duration; (2) the response to a surge may be simulated with a temperature pulse of short duration; and (3) the investigated eruptive-prominence disturbance injected a mass of approximately 10 to the 16th power g into the corona and was associated with a coronal transient having a calculated velocity of 275 km/s at a distance of 1.5 solar radii.

Smith, J. B., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Calculation of turbulent boundary layers with heat transfer and pressure gradient utilizing a compressibility transformation. Part 2: Constant property turbulent boundary layer flow with simultaneous mass transfer and pressure gradient

An analysis of the incompressible turbulent boundary layer, developing under the combined effects of mass transfer and pressure gradient, is presented in this paper. A strip-integral method is employed whereby two of the three governing equations are obtained by integrating the combined momentum and continuity equation to 50 percent and 100 percent, respectively, of the boundary-layer height. The latter equation is the usual momentum-integral equation; the former equation requires specification of shear. Accordingly, Clauser's equilibrium eddy-viscosity law is assumed valid at this point. The third and final equation is obtained by specifying that Stevenson's velocity profiles apply throughout the domain of interest, from which a skin-friction law can be derived. Comparisons of the numerical results with the experiments of McQuaid, which include combined effects of variable pressure gradient and mass transfer, show good agreement.

Boccio, J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Heat transfer at reattachment of a compressible flow over a backward facing step with a suction slot.

A simplified model is suggested for engineering estimates of heat transfer in the vicinity of reattachment for the case of supersonic flow over a backward facing step with a suction slot. The presented approach gives a closed-form approximate solution which is shown to be in satisfactory agreement with experimental results for the case of no mass transfer, and is expected to predict the effect of mass transfer in the case of suction.

Telionis, D. P.↗
NASA NTRS1986

A non-mass-dependent oxygen isotope effect in the production of ozone from molecular oxygen - The role of molecular symmetry in isotope chemistry

It was previously reported that the reaction products from the synthesis of ozone in an electric discharge through molecular oxygen display a nonmass-dependent (NoMaDic) oxygen isotope effect. In this paper, a detailed characterization of the isotope effect, including the effect of molecular oxygen pressure, and the presence of a chemically inert third body (helium), is reported. The NoMaDic effect is due to an isotopically selective stabilization of the O3 formation reaction intermediate, possibly resulting from the ability of the different isotopomers to exhibit different molecular symmetries.

Heidenreich, J. E., III↗
NASA NTRS1987

Fluid mass and thermal loading effects on the modal characteristics of space shuttle main engine liquid oxygen inlet splitter vanes

An analysis and evaluation of experimental modal survey test data on the variations of modal characteristics induced by pressure and thermal loading events are presented. Extensive modal survey tests were carried out on a Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) test article using liquid nitrogen under cryogenic temperatures and high pressures. The results suggest that an increase of pressure under constant cryogenic temperature or a decrease of temperature under high pressure induces an upward shift of frequencies of various modes of the structures.

Panossian, H. V.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Skeletal Phenotype of Transgenic Mice Expressing the Beta1 Integrin Cytoplasmic Tail In Osteoblasts

To define the physiologic role of beta1 integrin in bone formation and mechanical loading, transgenic mice were generated by expressing the cytoplasmic tall and transmembrane domain of Beta1 integrin under the control of the osteocalcin promoter. In cultured cells, this truncated fragment of Beta1 can act as a dominant negative. Previously, the matrix of calvariae was shown to be abnormal in transgenic (TG) compared to wildtype (WT) mice. In this study, we analyzed appendicular bone in TG and WT, male and female mice at 14, 35, 63, 90 and 365 days old (n=8-12/gp). To assess beta1 integrin function in mechanical loading, a pilot study using hindlimb unloading by tail suspension was performed. 35d old TG and WT females were hindlimb unloaded for 4 wks (n=3-5). Body mass, bone mineral content, histomorphometric (distal femur) and biomechanical parameters were analyzed. Statistical significance (P less than.05) was defined by ANOVA using the Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test. We confirmed transgene expression by immunoprecipitating then immunoblotting bone lysates using an antibody against the beta1 tail. Body masses of TG mice at 63, 90 and 365d old were greater (16-25%) than WT. Some TG female mice at 365d appeared obese; mean abdominal fat mass was 415% greater in TG than WT mice. Tibiae were longer (5-7%) in TG than WT mice at 63 and 90d. Tibial mineral mass of 35d males was 7% lower in TG than WT mice, but at 63d was 21% higher. The % osteoblast surface in 35d TG mice was 20% higher than WT, and at 63d was 17% lower, while % osteoclast surface did not differ. In 365d mice, cancellous bone volume (125%) and endocortical mineral apposition rate (40%) were greater in TG than WT males but not females. In WT mice, hindlimb unloading caused a reduction in mineral mass of tibiae (-20%) and lumbar vertebrae (-22%) relative to normally loaded controls. Surprisingly, hindlimb unloading also caused a relative reduction (-13%) in humerus mass. The effects of hindlimb unloading on tibia and humerus mass were less obvious in TG than in WT mice. Since hindlimb unloading caused skeletal changes in both loaded and unloaded bones, systemic changes may contribute to bone responses observed using this animal model. In conclusion, transgene expression resulted in marked metabolic changes during growth and in the aged female. Our results demonstrate that expression of the Beta1 integrin cytoplasmic tail in vivo causes gender- and age-specific changes in select morphometric parameters, bone length, and bone mass.

Globus, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1995

The Effect of Antarctic Ice Mass Changes on Crustal Motion and Global Geodetic Observables

Glaciological estimates of the present-day ice mass balance of Antarctica vary widely, indicating the need for additional data to constrain mass-balance models. For example, recent studies find both a positive and a negative mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet. Analysis of studies suggest that observations of present-day crustal motion, as obtained from a GPS survey could assist in defining models.

glaciology ice mass changes crustal motion geodeti↗