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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1989

The bipolar molecular outflow of V645 Cygni

A map is presented of the CO J = 3-2 line emission from the cloud associated with V645 Cygni. Line wings extending to 15 km/s on either side of the central velocity can be attributed to a bipolar outflow over a region 1 arcmin in angular extent. The redshifted and blueshifted emission peaks are separated by 20 arcsecs along an axis that is approximately perpendicular to the polarization vector of the visible light. The outflow is of relatively low velocity, low mass, and low mechanical luminosity.

Schulz, A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Durable Bipolar Plates For Lead/Acid Batteries

New structure for positive faces of bipolar plates increases longevity of lead/acid batteries. Divides positive-electrode layer into many isolated segments so defects cannot spread across layer. Surfaces treated before assembly to promote adhesion. Ridges on body divide possible electrode into isolated squares, each typically 1 in. on side. Materials supporting electrochemically active components lightweight and resistant to acid.

Clough, Thomas J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Characterization testing of a 40 AHR bipolar nickel-hydrogen battery

Extensive characterization testing has been done on a second 40 amp-hour (Ahr), 10-cell bipolar nickel-hydrogen (Ni-H2) battery to study the effects of such operating parameters as charge and discharge rates, temperature, and pressure, on capacity, Ahr and watt-hour (Whr) efficiencies, end-of-charge (EOC) and mid-point discharge voltages. Testing to date has produced many interesting results, with the battery performing well throughout all of the test matrix except during the high-rate (5C and 10C) discharges, where poorer than expected results were observed. The exact cause of this poor performance is, as yet, unknown. Small scale 2 x 2 inch battery tests are to be used in studying this problem. Low earth orbit (LEO) cycle life testing at a 40 percent depth of discharge (DOD) and 10 C is scheduled to follow the characterization testing.

Brewer, Jeffrey C.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Average properties of bipolar magnetic regions during sunspot cycle 21

The statistical properties of some 2700 bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs) with magnetic fluxes equal to or greater than 3 x 10 to the 20th Mx, which erupted during 1976-1986, are examined. The analysis shows the following: (1) the average flux per BMR declined between 1977 and 1985; (2) the average tilts of BMRs relative to the east-west line increase toward higher latitudes; (3) weaker BMRs had larger root-mean-square tilt angles than stronger BMRs at all latitudes; and (4) over the interval 1976-1986, BMRs with their leading poles equatorward of their trailing poles contributed a total of 4 times as much flux as BMRs with inverted tilts, but the relative amount of flux contributed by BMRs with inverted or zero tilts increased as the sunspot cycle progressed.

Wang, Y.-M.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Characterization testing of a 40 ampere hour bipolar nickel-hydrogen battery

Extensive characterization testing has been done on a second 40-ampere hour (A h), 10-cell, bipolar nickel-hydrogen (Ni-H2) battery, to study the effects of operating parameters such as charge and discharge rates, temperature, and pressure on capacity, A h and watt hour (W h) efficiencies, and end-of-charge and midpoint discharge voltages. Testing to date has produced many interesting results, with the battery performing well throughout the test matrix except during the high-rate (5 C and 10 C) discharges, where poorer than expected results were observed. The exact cause of this poor performance is, as yet, unknown. Small scale 2 in. x 2 in. battery tests are to be used in studying this problem. Low earth orbit cycle life testing at a 40-percent depth of discharge and 10 C is scheduled to follow the characterization testing.

Brewer, Jeffrey C.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Bipolar supernova remnants and the obliquity dependence of shock acceleration

The diffusive shock acceleration mechanism proposed to explain the bipolarity observed in the synchrotron radio emission of young adiabatically expanding shell SNRs is investigated by means of numerical simulations. The theoretical basis of the SNR models and the numerical computation methods are explained, and the results are presented in graphs and synthetic radio maps and discussed in detail. It is found that the efficiency of the acceleration process depends on the obliquity angle theta(Bn) between the shock normal and the uniform magnetic field: models with theta(Bn) of about 90 deg can reproduce the observed azimuthal intensity ratios in most cases, but models with theta(Bn) near 0 deg cannot.

Fulbright, Michael S.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Doping To Reduce Base Resistances Of Bipolar Transistors

Modified doping profile proposed to reduce base resistance of bipolar transistors. A p/p+ base-doping profile reduces base resistance without reducing current gain. Proposed low/high base-doping profile realized by such low-temperature deposition techniques as molecular-beam epitaxy, ultra-high-vacuum chemical-vapor deposition, and limited-reaction epitaxy. Produces desired doping profiles without excessive diffusion of dopant.

Lin, True-Lon↗
NASA NTRS1990

Magnetic collimation of protostellar winds into bipolar outflows

Researchers describe self-consistent 2-D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the collimation of an isotropic protostellar wind into bipolar outflows by magnetic stresses in the ambient medium. A variety of ambient field strengths, wind luminosities, and density profiles were studied. Collimation occurs when the energy of the magnetic field swept up by the expanding bubble approaches the bubble thermal energy. Measured axial and radial expansion rates are in good agreement with the analytical predictions of Konigl (1982).

Norman, Michael L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The discovery of a highly polarized bipolar nebula

During a search for the optical counterparts of IRAS sources whose flux peaks at 25 microns, a small faint bipolar nebula was discovered in Monoceros at the position of IRAS 07131-0147. The CCD images display the object's considerable structure. The central star seems relatively free of closeby nebulosity: the two lobes have a bow-tie structure with those parts nearest to the star consisting of series of small knots. The outer parts of the lobes seem to be made up of filaments streaming away from knots. On the basis of its optical spectrum, the central star was classified as a M5-6 giant. In the IRAS color classification scheme of Van der Veen and Habing (1988), the central star is VIb which indicates that there are distinct hot and cold components of circumstellar dust and that the mass loss process may have temporarily abated. Therefore, it is proposed that the object is in the post main sequence stage of evolution and is a protoplanetary nebulae. Young protoplanetary nebulae have totally obscured central stars illuminating reflective lobes whereas older ones such as M2-9 have lobes seen in emission from gas ionized by the central hot star which is clearly visible. Since the central object of IRAS07131-0147 is a relatively unobscured late type star and the lobes are seen only by reflection, it is suggested that this nebula is a protoplanetary nebula in an evolutionary stage intermediate between that of CRL2688 and M2-9.

Wolstencroft, Ramon D.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Impact ionization in the base of a hot-electron AlSb/InAs bipolar transistor

The operation of a new AlSb/InAs heterojunction bipolar transistor is studied. The electrons are injected into a p-InAs base across the AlSb/InAs heterojunction. The conduction-band discontinuity at this heterojunction is sufficiently large so that energy of the electrons injected into InAs exceeds the threshold for generating electron-hole pairs by impact ionization. The observed incremental common base current at zero collector-base bias decreases and becomes negative as the emitter current is increased, thus providing direct evidence for impact ionization entirely by band-edge discontinuities.

Vengurlekar, Arvind S.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Infrared polarization images of star-forming regions. I - The ubiquity of bipolar structure

The inefficiency of the stellar formation process leads rather generally to high residual dust densities, and so to the existence of infrared reflection nebulosity (IRN), in regions of star formation. Polarization images of several star-forming regions with mass outflows (GSS 30, S255, GL 5180, GL 2591, GGD 27, and NGC 7538) presented here: (1) establish the universality of bipolarity and of shell or cavity structure in the IRN consistent with that of CO outflow; (2) identify the source of the mass outflow in each case; (3) show that the opening angle near this central source is large; and (4) demonstrate several instances of multiple shells, probably arising from episodic mass loss. Astrometry of 2.2-micron sources with arcsecond accuracy identifies the illuminating source of each IRN uniquely with a compact H II region or a bright IR source. The polarization images provide strong evidence for large-scale dust toroids around each of these sources. The density and mass of these disks are estimated from the extinction through the disk.

Tamura, M.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Utilization of a bipolar lead acid battery for the advanced launch system

The development of a battery comprised of bipolar lead acid modules is discussed. The battery is designed to satisfy the requirements of the Advanced Launch System (ALS). The battery will have the following design features: (1) conventional lead acid chemistry; (2) thin electrode/active materials; (3) a thin separator; (4) sealed construction (gas recombinant); and (5) welded plastic frames for the external seal.

Gentry, William O.↗
NASA NTRS1992

The radio source and bipolar nebulosity in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 3516

Results of radio continuum and optical emission-line observations of the type 1 Seyfert galaxy NGC 3516 are presented. The radio maps reveal an elongated one-sided curved structure, which comprises a series of small-scale 'blobs' and extends up to 4 kpc from the nucleus. This radio structure is aligned and cospatial with one side of the double-sided and highly symmetric Z-shaped emission-line structure. It is argued that these morphological features are associated with a bipolar gaseous outflow from the nucleus of NGC 3516. The radio 'blobs' are elongated roughly perpendicular to the apparent local direction of the outflow, a result which is interpreted in terms of synchrotron emission from outflow-driven shock waves.

Miyaji, Takamitsu↗
NASA NTRS1992

Initiation of bipolar flows by magnetic field twisting in protostellar nebulae

A model is developed for the time-dependent twisting of an initial poloidal magnetic field threading a conducting protostellar disk. The region outside the disk is assumed to be filled, at least initially, with a low-density, force-free 'coronal' plasma. The differential rotation of the disk acts to twist the B field in the space outside the disk thus generating a toroidal magnetic field. In turn, the toroidal field acts to pinch the plasma and the poloidal field toward the system axis producing a collimated channel. This channel could facilitate the formation of bipolar flows. The magnitude and duration of the field twisting is expected to be limited by magnetohydrodynamic instability.

Newman, William I.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Oxidation-Resistant Coating For Bipolar Lead/Acid Battery

Cathode side of bipolar substrate coated with nonoxidizable conductive layer. Coating prepared as water slurry of aqueous dispersion of polyethylene copolymer plus such conductive fillers as tin oxide, titanium, tantalum, or tungsten oxide. Applied easily to substrate of polyethylene carbon plastic. As slurry dries, conductive, oxidation-resistant coating forms on positive side of substrate.

Bolstad, James J.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Evidence for a bipolar nebula around the peculiar B(e) star HD 45677 from ultraviolet spectropolarimetry

We report the first ultraviolet spectropolarimetry of the peculiar B-type emission-line star with infrared excess HD 45677. The observations were obtained during the 1990 December Astro-l space shuttle mission with the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimeter Experiment, and cover the spectral range 1400-3220 A. We also present the first optical spectropolarimetry, extending from the atmospheric cutoff to about 7600 A. The observed UV/optical linear polarization displays a strong increase toward shorter wavelengths indicative of scattering by circumstellar dust. The position angle of the intrinsic polarization flips by 90 deg in the near-UV as expected from a bipolar reflection nebula.

Schulte-Ladbeck, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Spectropolarimetry of the post-main-sequence bipolar nebulae GL 618, M2-56, and M1-92

New high-quality spectropolarimetry of the post-main-sequence bipolar nebulae GL 618, M2-56, and M1-92 is presented which permits accurate separation of the scattered and unscattered components. Shock emission dominates the optical line spectrum of the three nebulae and probably plays a significant role in their dynamical evolution. The central H II region spectrum for GL 6189 is isolated and T(stellar) of 36,000-40,000 and log (N/O) = 0.0 +/- 0.2 are derived. GL 618 and M2-56 have shock velocities of 40-60 km/s; that of M1-92 is 60-100 km/s. Log (N/O) is derived for different regions of the three nebulae. There is an apparent correlation of outflow velocity with chemical abundance.

Trammell, Susan R.↗