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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Operational Experience of the New Booster Cryomodule at the Upgraded Injector Test Facility

Since the early 1990s, the in­jec­tor of the CEBAF ac­cel­er­a­tor at Jef­fer­son Lab has re­lied on a nor­mal-con­duct­ing RF graded-beta cap­ture sec­tion to boost the ki­netic en­ergy of the elec­tron beam from 100 / 130 keV to 600 keV for sub­se­quent ac­cel­er­a­tion using a cry­omod­ule hous­ing two su­per­con­duct­ing 5-cell cav­i­ties sim­i­lar to those used through­out the ac­cel­er­a­tor. To sim­plify the in­jec­tor de­sign and im­prove the beam qual­ity, the nor­mal-con­duct­ing RF cap­ture sec­tion and the cry­omod­ule will be re­placed with a new sin­gle booster cry­omod­ule em­ploy­ing a su­per­con­duct­ing, β = 0.6, 2-cell-cav­ity cap­ture sec­tion and a sin­gle, β = 0.97, 7-cell cav­ity. The Up­graded In­jec­tor Test Fa­cil­ity at Jef­fer­son Lab is cur­rently host­ing the new cry­omod­ule to eval­u­ate its per­for­mance with beam be­fore in­stal­la­tion at CEBAF. While demon­strat­ing sat­is­fac­tory per­for­mance of the booster and good agree­ment with sim­u­la­tions, our beam test re­sults also speak to lim­i­ta­tions of ac­cel­er­a­tor op­er­a­tions in a noisy, ther­mally un­reg­u­lated en­vi­ron­ment.

Bruker, M. W.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Fermilab Booster loss modelling and rebalancing using Bayesian methods

To meet PIP-II upgrade requirements, Fermilab Booster losses need to be reduced by 50% compared to present levels. So far, simulations are not good enough to predict loss patterns. Thus, an extensive Booster tune up will be necessary to achieve required performance. In this paper we present an effort to build a data-driven loss model using Bayesian techniques, and subsequently to rebalance losses for higher trip margins. We first created several sets of spatially and temporally isolated orbit and optics knobs, and trained Gaussian process models for each beam loss monitor as well as beam current. Novel techniques of uncertainty constraints and approximate GP fitting were introduced to handle safety and timing requirements. We then performed single and multi-objective tuning using scalarized objectives comprised of critical beam loss locations. We achieved significant rebalancing of losses, increasing margins by 25%, as well as an overall improvement in transmission efficiency of 0.4%. Automated data collection is being developed so that more accurate surrogate models can be trained over time.

Kuklev, N. [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2012

Simulations of RF Capture with Barrier Bucket in Booster at Injection

As part of the effort to increase the number of ions per bunch in RHIC, a new scheme for RF capture of EBIS ions in Booster at injection has been developed. The scheme was proposed by M. Blaskiewicz and J.M. Brennan. It employs a barrier bucket to hold a half turn of beam in place during capture into two adjacent harmonic 4 buckets. After acceleration, this allows for 8 transfers of 2 bunches from Booster into 16 buckets on the AGS injection porch. During the Fall of 2011 the necessary hardware was developed and implemented by the RF and Controls groups. The scheme is presently being commissioned by K.L. Zeno with Au32+ ions from EBIS. In this note we carry out simulations of the RF capture. These are meant to serve as benchmarks for what can be achieved in practice. They also allow for an estimate of the longitudinal emittance of the bunches on the AGS injection porch.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Parameters for the Injection, Acceleration, and Extraction of Gold and Copper Ions in Booster, AGS, and RHIC

During the 2012 RHIC run, uranium, gold, and copper ions from EBIS were accelerated in Booster and AGS and delivered to RHIC for the physics program. In this note the nominal parameters for gold and copper are given. The parameters for uranium are given in a separate note. In order to achieve the desired number of ions per bunch in RHIC, it was necessary to merge bunches in both Booster and AGS.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Parameters for the Injection, Acceleration, and Extraction of Uranium Ions in Booster, AGS, and RHIC

During the 2012 RHIC run, uranium, gold, and copper ions from EBIS were accelerated in Booster and AGS and delivered to RHIC for the physics program. In this note the nominal parameters for uranium are given. The parameters for gold and copper are given in a separate note. In order to achieve the desired number of ions per bunch in RHIC, it was necessary to merge bunches in both Booster and AGS.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Simulations of RF Capture with Barrier Bucket in Booster at Injections

As part of the effort to increase the number of ions per bunch in RHIC, a new scheme for RF capture of EBIS ions in Booster at injection has been developed. The scheme was proposed by M. Blaskiewicz and J.M. Brennan. It employs a barrier bucket to hold a half turn of beam in place during capture into two adjacent harmonic 4 buckets. After acceleration, this allows for 8 transfers of 2 bunches from Booster into 16 buckets on the AGS injection porch. During the Fall of 2011 the necessary hardware was developed and implemented by the RF and Controls groups. The scheme is presently being commissioned by K.L. Zeno with Au32+ ions from EBIS. In this note we carry out simulations of the RF capture. These are meant to serve as benchmarks for what can be achieved in practice. They also allow for an estimate of the longitudinal emittance of the bunches on the AGS injection porch.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Overview and analysis of the 2016 Gold Run in the Booster and AGS

Run 16 differed from preceding Au runs in that during most of it a 12:6:2 merge was employed in the AGS instead of an 8:4:2 merge. This was done to provide higher bunch intensities for RHIC. Since the approach to providing higher bunch intensities is, and has been, to merge more Booster bunches of the same intensity into one final bunch, detailing the longitudinal aspects of this setup seems quite relevant. So, aside from providing an overview of the Au portion of Run 16, this note also contains a series of emittance measurements in the Booster and AGS. Comparisons of these to similar measurements in previous runs are also made in hopes of gaining a better understanding of what factors contribute to the emittance of a bunch at AGS extraction. The note also tries to provide some context in which to understand the various merge schemes and describes a potential 8 to 1 type merge.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

SPE-5 Booster System: Design and Qualification Testing

The SPE-5 device presents a unique set of requirements for the initiation and booster system. This report documents the design of the booster and qualification test results to meet the requirements.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

An overview of Booster and AGS Polarized Proton Operations during Run 17

There were only a few differences in the setup between this year’s Polarized Proton run and the previous one (Run 15). Consequently, this note will focus on these differences as well as a few more notable studies done during the course of the run. This year, the Booster input intensity was kept around 7e11 for the majority of the run whereas in Run 15 it was kept around 9e11. It was lowered because there was some indication that the source polarization was higher with this lower input. Some of the polarization measurements that motivated this change will be discussed. Both the emittance and polarization on the AGS flattop show intensity dependence, thought to be related to the peak current, especially early in the AGS acceleration ramp. In Run 15, the AGS Rf was configured for h=8, but in this run h=6 was used to reduce the peak current and also to allow for the possibility of using a dual harmonic to reduce it further. Eventually, a dual harmonic configuration was used for the first 100 ms or so of the AGS acceleration cycle. Two cavities were set to h=12 and phased differently than the other 8 to accomplish this. Quad pumping was also used at Booster extraction to make the bunch injected into the AGS wider in order to match the dual harmonic bucket right at injection. This configuration, which was used for the majority of the run, will be described. Measurements of the intensity dependence of the transverse emittance and polarization with and without it will be compared.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Comparing the effect on the AGS longitudinal emittance of gold ions from the BtA stripping foil with and without a Booster Bunch Merge

The aim of this note to better understand the effect of merging the Gold bunches in the Booster into one on the resulting AGS longitudinal emittance as compared to not merging them. The reason it matters whether they are merged or not is because they pass through a stripping foil in the BtA line. Data was taken last run (Run 17) for the case where the bunches are not merged, and it will be compared with data from cases where the bunches are merged. Previous data from Tandem operation will also be considered. There are two main pieces to this puzzle. The first is the ε growth associated with the energy spread due to ‘energy straggling’ in the BtA stripping foil and the second is the effective ε growth associated with the energy loss that occurs while passing through the foil. Both of these effects depend on whether or not the Booster bunches have been merged into one.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Emittance growth of accumulating proton beam in Booster due to multiple passes through the H-minus stripping foil

Equations were derived for the transverse emittance growth of a single batch of protons passing turn-by-turn through the H-minus stripping foil in Booster. It was assumed there that all particles in the batch go the same number of turns around the machine and pass through the foil the same number of times. The equations therefore apply to the case in which the duration of the pulse of beam injected into Booster is less than one revolution period. We consider here the case in which the incoming beam consists of a series of batches injected one after another into the machine. Each batch is assumed to contain the same number of particles. The leading edge of an incoming batch is assumed to be exactly one revolution period behind the leading edge of the batch in front of it. The batch length is assumed to be less than one revolution period and is assumed to be the same for all batches. By taking the batch length to be less than but close to one revolution period, we can approximate, as closely as we like, the case of a continuous ribbon of beam injected into the machine over a period of several turns.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Analysis of Booster Turbo Pump Manifolds

The Booster Accelerator uses Sargent Welch turbo pumps, back by roots blowers, to pump the magnet strings from atmosphere to ion pump starting pressure. In 2009, all of the Booster Correction magnets were upgraded to a larger correction magnet. This drove the need to redesign the turbo pump manifold. This new design incorporated a method to connect a different turbo molecular pump. The turbo pump chosen to test was the Oerlikon Leybold Turbovac 151 pump. This was based upon the previous success in the Tevatron, when used as a replacement for the 3120 Sargent Welch pump. The rated speed of the Leybold 151 is 145 l/s nitrogen. The rated speed of the Sargent Welch is 160 l/s nitrogen.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Parameters and Tolerances for the Booster Dipole Power Supplies

In this technical note we discuss the parameters and tolerances for the booster dipole power supplies. We first discuss the requirements on the current ramp profile for the cases of energy ramps at 1 and 2 Hz. Then we determine the voltage waveforms that correspond to these current ramps. Using the booster magnet lattice and the actual power supply circuit layouts we then calculate the orbit distortion and tune spread caused by the magnetic field amplitude errors in the combined-function dipole magnets at the time of injection and extraction and establish the requirements on the value of the magnetic field amplitude errors at these points along the ramp. We then conclude the note by translating these requirements into the amplitude and time tolerances for the dipole power supplies.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Modification of the Booster Extraction Straight Section

In the process of conceptual design of the NSLS-II booster we developed an extraction layout based on a single strong pulsed septum turning the beam outside the booster vacuum chamber. This layout may not be ideal since pulsed power supply is not reproducible and its shot-to-shot voltage fluctuations will lead to an increase in the effective emittance of the extracted beam. Alternative solution1 is to divide the extraction in two magnets – a weak pulsed magnet and a strong DC magnet. This concept has been implemented in the current extraction layout.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Preliminary Radiological Considerations for the Design and Operation of NSLS-II Storage Ring and Booster Synchrotron

Radiological conditions for the design and operation of NSLS II Storage Ring and Booster Synchrotron have been analyzed using the presently available design parameters. The Booster Synchrotron will be housed in the same tunnel as the Storage Ring at NSLS II. Calculations of the resulting radiation fields and required shielding have been made for normal stored beam loss and loss of beam during injection at the septum/extraction magnets.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Energy Deposition, Radiological and Thermal Studies for Linac-to-Booster Transfer Line Beam Absorber

The PIP-II Linac-to-Booster transfer line will transport the beam from the end of the superconducting Linac to the Injection Girder of the Booster. The transfer line consists of two arcs and a straight section in between (see Fig. 1). The straight section splits into two separate lines: Beam Absorber and Mu2e experiment lines. In this paper, results of energy deposition studies for the Beam Absorber, performed with MARS15 Monte Carlo code for normal operation, are presented. Also, corresponding thermal analyses with ANSYS code are described. According to PIP-II design parameters, the beam energy as high as 1 GeV is considered. Two beam power options were studied: (i) 50 kW as a conservative estimate for a permanent absorber; (ii) 5 kW as an option for a portable absorber required for a commissioning stage.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Booster Neutrino Flux Prediction at MicroBooNE

The primary source of neutrinos for the MicroBooNE experiment is Fermilab’s Booster Neutrino Beamline. The beamline uses 8 GeV protons from the Booster accelerator steered onto a beryllium target. The secondaries are focused by a magnetic horn down a 50m long decay pipe. Decays of these secondaries give rise to a neutrino beam. We use the beamline simulation and techniques previously developed by the MiniBooNE collaboration to calculate the neutrino flux and estimate systematic uncertainties at the MicroBooNE detector location.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗