Ocean Circulation Simulated with 2-Day and 1-Month Mean NSCAT Wind Velocity Data
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Ocean Wind Velocity↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Evaluation and Analysis of F-16XL Wind Tunnel Data from Dynamic Tests
A series of wind tunnel tests were conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center as part of an ongoing effort to develop and test mathematical models for aircraft rigid-body aerodynamics in nonlinear unsteady flight regimes. Analysis of measurement accuracy, especially for nonlinear dynamic systems that may exhibit complicated behaviors, is an essential component of this ongoing effort. In this paper, tools for harmonic analysis of dynamic data and assessing measurement accuracy are presented. A linear aerodynamic model is assumed that is appropriate for conventional forced-oscillation experiments, although more general models can be used with these tools. Application of the tools to experimental data is demonstrated and results indicate the levels of uncertainty in output measurements that can arise from experimental setup, calibration procedures, mechanical limitations, and input errors.
Kim, Sungwan↗
An Investigation of the Drag Characteristics of a Tailless Delta-Wing Airplane in Flight, Including Comparison with Wind-Tunnel Data
A series of flight tests were conducted to determine the lift and drag characteristics of an F4D-1 airplane over a Mach number range of 0.80 to 1.10 at an altitude of 40,000 feet. Apparently satisfactory agreement was obtained between the flight data and results from wind-tunnel tests of an 0.055-scale model of the airplane. Further tests show the apparent agreement was a consequence of the altitude at which the first tests were made.
Rolls, L. Stewart↗
Application of Neural Networks to Wind tunnel Data Response Surface Methods
The integration of nonlinear neural network methods with conventional linear regression techniques is demonstrated for representative wind tunnel force balance data modeling. This work was motivated by a desire to formulate precision intervals for response surfaces produced by neural networks. Applications are demonstrated for representative wind tunnel data acquired at NASA Langley Research Center and the Arnold Engineering Development Center in Tullahoma, TN.
Lo, Ching F.↗
Measurement of local convective heat transfer coefficients from a smooth and roughened NACA-0012 airfoil - Flight test data
Wind tunnels typically have higher free stream turbulence levels than are found in flight. Turbulence intensity was measured to be 0.5 percent in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) with the cloud making sprays off and around 2 percent with cloud making equipment on. Turbulence intensity for flight conditions was found to be too low to make meaningful measurements for smooth air. This difference between free stream and wind tunnel conditions has raised questions as to the validity of results obtained in the IRT. One objective of these tests was to determine the effect of free stream turbulence on convective heat transfer for the NASA Lewis LEWICE ice growth prediction code. These tests provide in-flight heat transfer data for a NASA-0012 airfoil with a 533 cm chord. Future tests will measure heat transfer data from the same airfoil in the Lewis Icing Research Tunnel. Roughness was obtained by the attachment of small, 2 mm diameter hemispheres of uniform size to the airfoil in three different patterns. Heat transfer measurements were recorded in flight on the NASA Lewis Twin Otter Icing Research Aircraft. Measurements were taken for the smooth and roughened surfaces at various aircraft speeds and angles of attack up to four degrees. Results are presented as Frossling number versus position on the airfoil for various roughnesses and angles of attack.
Van Fossen, G. James↗
Summary of transformation equations and equations of motion used in free flight and wind tunnel data reduction and analysis
Basic formulations for developing coordinate transformations and motion equations used with free-flight and wind-tunnel data reduction are presented. The general forms presented include axes transformations that enable transfer back and forth between any of the five axes systems that are encountered in aerodynamic analysis. Equations of motion are presented that enable calculation of motions anywhere in the vicinity of the earth. A bibliography of publications on methods of analyzing flight data is included.
Gainer, T. G.↗
Quantifying Uncertainties in Modeling Wind Resource Data from Different PBL Schemes in the WRF Model: A Case Study Over the Puerto Rico Region
This study examines the modeling uncertainty of wind resource data stemming from the use of various planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations available in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. WRF-based wind simulations spanning 20 years at 3-km resolution using 11 different PBL schemes are used to objectively investigate the uncertainty in modeling wind speed for land-based wind (LBW) and offshore wind (OSW) locations in Puerto Rico. The uncertainty in the wind modeling for the 20-year dataset is quantified using the spread index (SI) and standard deviation (SD). For virtual LBW and OSW sites, the SI and SD values are analyzed as calculated across various spatial and temporal scales. Because the PBL's atmospheric stability conditions can be characterized into two dominant categories, the study focuses on analyzing the SI and SD for daytime (mainly unstable PBL conditions) and nighttime (mainly stable PBL conditions). For wind shear (10 m-200 m) at the OSW and LBW sites, WRF-based numerical experiments indicate the following SI (or SD) ranges: 39%-94% (0.74 m/s-1.44 m/s) during the daytime for OSW, 50%-75% (0.68 m/s-1.19 m/s) during the daytime for LBW, 37%-60% (0.73 m/s-1.12 m/s) during the nighttime for OSW, and 57%-143 % (0.65 m/s-1.43 m/s) during the nighttime for LBW. While a high SI is observed when modeling LBW during the nighttime, there are notable modeling uncertainties during the daytime on the leeward side of the orographic barriers for Puerto Rico.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Aerodynamic load distributions at transonic speeds for a close-coupled wing-canard configuration: Tabulated pressure data
Wind tunnel studies are reported on both the canard and wing surfaces of a model that is geometrically identical to one used in several force and moment tests to provide insight into the various aerodynamic interference effects. In addition to detailed pressures measurements, the pressures were integrated to illustrate the effects of Mach number, canard location, and canard-wing interference on various aerodynamic parameters. Transonic pressure tunnel Mach numbers ranged from 0.70 to 1.20 for data taken from 0 deg to approximately 16 deg angle-of-attack at 0 deg sideslip.
Washburn, K. E.↗
Measurement of local convective heat transfer coefficients from a smooth and roughened NACA-0012 airfoil: Flight test data
Wind tunnels typically have higher free stream turbulence levels than are found in flight. Turbulence intensity was measured to be 0.5 percent in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) with the cloud making sprays off and around 2 percent with cloud making equipment on. Turbulence intensity for flight conditions was found to be too low to make meaningful measurements for smooth air. This difference between free stream and wing tunnel conditions has raised questions as to the validity of results obtained in the IRT. One objective of these tests was to determine the effect of free stream turbulence on convective heat transfer for the NASA Lewis LEWICE ice growth prediction code. These tests provide in-flight heat transfer data for a NASA-0012 airfoil with a 533 cm chord. Future tests will measure heat transfer data from the same airfoil in the Lewis Icing Research Tunnel. Roughness was obtained by the attachment of small, 2 mm diameter hemispheres of uniform size to the airfoil in three different patterns. Heat transfer measurements were recorded in flight on the NASA Lewis Twin Otter Icing Research Aircraft. Measurements were taken for the smooth and roughened surfaces at various aircraft speeds and angles of attack up to four degrees. Results are presented as Frossling number versus position on the airfoil for various roughnesses and angles of attack.
Newton, James E.↗
The potential impact of scatterometry on oceanography - A wave forecasting case
A series of observing system simulation experiments have been performed in order to assess the potential impact of marine surface wind data on numerical weather prediction. In addition to conventional data, the experiments simulated the time-continuous assimilation of remotely sensed marine surface wind or temperature sounding data. The wind data were fabricated directly for model grid points intercepted by a Seasat-1 scatterometer swath and were assimilated into the lowest active level (945 mb) of the model using a localized successive correction method. It is shown that Seasat wind data can greatly improve numerical weather forecasts due to better definition of specific features. The case of the QE II storm is examined.
Cane, M. A.↗
Evaluation of the Space Shuttle Transatlantic Abort Landing Atmospheric Sounding System
A study was conducted to determine the quality of thermodynamic and wind data measured by or derived from the Transatlantic Abort Landing (TAL) Atmospheric Sounding System (TASS). The system has Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking capability and includes a helium-filled latex balloon that carries an instrument package (sonde) and various ground equipment that receives and processes the data from the sonde. TASS is used to provide vertical profiles of thermodynamic and low-resolution wind data in support of Shuttle abort landing operations at TAL sites. TASS uses GPS to determine height, wind speed, and wind direction. The TASS sonde has sensors that directly measure air temperature and relative humidity. These are then used to derive air pressure and density. Test flights were conducted where a TASS sonde and a reference sonde were attached to the same balloon and the two profiles were compared. The objective of the testing was to determine if TASS thermodynamic and wind data met Space Shuttle Program (SSP) accuracy requirements outlined in the Space Shuttle Launch and Landing Program Requirements Document (PRD).
Leahy, Frank B.↗
Estimated low-speed aerodynamic parameters of an advanced fighter from flight and wind tunnel data
A procedure for determination of aerodynamic model structure and estimation of aerodynamic parameters is applied to data from a modern fighter operating within an angle of attack range of 5 to 60 deg. The paper briefly describes the airplane, flight and wind tunnel data available, postulated models for airplane aerodynamic coefficients and flight data analysis. The results presented contain only a small number of selected longitudinal and lateral parameters. These parameters were obtained from various maneuvers and subsets of joined data from several flights. The estimated parameters are in good agreement with the wind tunnel measurements. The resulting aerodynamic model equations seem to be satisfactory for the prediction of airplane motion.
Klein, V.↗
Lidar - CU WindCube V1 Profiler, Troutdale - Raw Data
Wind and lidar turbulence profiles from 40 m to 220 m above the surface.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Lidar - CU WindCube V2 Profiler, Gordons Ridge - Raw Data
Wind and lidar turbulence profiles from 40 m to 220 m above the surface.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Lidar - CU WindCube V1 Profiler, Wasco Airport - Raw Data
Wind and lidar turbulence profiles from 40 m to 220 m above the surface.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
10min Lidar Winds/ Derived Data
This dataset contains 10-min averaged, motion-corrected wind profiles from the WindCube lidar during the deployment of the DOE WindSentinel buoy near Oahu, Hawaii. The attached Lidar Buoy Data Dictionary provides further details on the various instruments on the buoy, parameters measured by each instrument, and the frequency of data collection.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
WINDPROF: Merged Best-Estimate Wind Profile Data – Nantucket (WFIP3 Campaign)
WINDPROF provides 10-minute wind and turbulence profiles that integrate scanning Doppler lidars, a profiling lidar, a 915 MHz radar wind profiler, and a sonic anemometer across Northeast U.S. coastal and offshore sites during the WFIP3 campaign. Variables include wind speed, wind direction, vertical velocity, turbulence intensity, and turbulent kinetic energy, each with per-instrument quality control and inter-instrument agreement validation. Profiles are mapped to a standardized height grid – a dedicated near-surface level at the sonic measurement height (5 m AGL), 20 m spacing to 100 m, and 30 m spacing above – and carry component and derived uncertainty estimates. Heights are reported above ground level; the site's ground elevation is stored separately. The Nantucket dataset covers 1 February 2024 – 8 September 2025.
17 WIND ENERGY↗
Evaluation of a high-resolution regional climate simulation for surface and hub-height wind climatology over North America
Assessing the availability of key wind resources requires augmenting observations to support the implementation of wind energy infrastructure. However, observations are limited, necessitating the development of high-resolution, long-term gridded datasets. This study presents a robust, dynamically downscaled climatological dataset, offering 20 years of hourly wind data at a 4 km spatial resolution across North America, and evaluates its performance against observations, including meteorological towers and automated surface-observing system (ASOS) stations, as well as coarse-resolution reanalysis data (the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis version 5 (ERA5)). Results demonstrate that the downscaled high-resolution wind data outperform ERA5 in regions of complex terrain and coastal areas, with improved overlap coefficients for wind data distributions and reduced root mean square errors (RMSEs) for hub-height and near-surface diurnal wind patterns. The downscaled simulation also captures the synoptic drivers of seasonal wind direction patterns reasonably well, indicated by high wind rose similarity indices. This study also provides an analysis of interannual variability, utilizing the dataset's full 20-year period, and model uncertainty, generated by varying model initial conditions and physics parameterizations across 1-year ensemble members, which are key considerations for wind resource assessment in wind farm development.
17 WIND ENERGY↗