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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Lagrangian and Eulerian Supersaturation Statistics in Turbulent Cloudy Rayleigh–Bénard Convection: Applications for LES Subgrid Modeling

Abstract Turbulent fluctuations of scalar and velocity fields are critical for cloud microphysical processes, e.g., droplet activation and size distribution evolution, and can therefore influence cloud radiative forcing and precipitation formation. Lagrangian and Eulerian water vapor, temperature, and supersaturation statistics are investigated in direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection in the Pi Convection Cloud Chamber to provide a foundation for parameterizing subgrid-scale fluctuations in atmospheric models. A subgrid model for water vapor and temperature variances and covariance and supersaturation variance is proposed, valid for both clear and cloudy conditions. Evaluation of phase change contributions through an a priori test using DNS data shows good performance of the model. Supersaturation is a nonlinear function of temperature and water vapor, and relative external fluxes of water vapor and heat (e.g., during entrainment-mixing and phase change) influence turbulent supersaturation fluctuations. Although supersaturation has autocorrelation and structure functions similar to the independent scalars (temperature and water vapor), the autocorrelation time scale of supersaturation differs. Relative scalar fluxes in DNS without cloud make supersaturation PDFs less skewed than the adiabatic case, where they are highly negatively skewed. However, droplet condensation changes the PDF shape response: it becomes positively skewed for the adiabatic case and negatively skewed when the sidewall relative fluxes are large. Condensation also increases correlations between water vapor and temperature in the presence of relative scalar fluxes but decreases correlations for the adiabatic case. These changes in correlation suppress supersaturation variability for the nonadiabatic cases and increase it for the adiabatic case. Implications of this work for subgrid microphysics modeling using a Lagrangian stochastic scheme are also discussed.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Distinguishing bulk and surface recombination in CdTe thin films and solar cells using time-resolved terahertz and photoluminescence spectroscopies

Understanding the nature of recombination and its dependence on defects and interfaces is essential for engineering materials and contacts for higher open circuit voltage (V oc ) and power conversion efficiency in photovoltaic (PV) devices. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) has conventionally been used to evaluate recombination, but carrier redistribution often dominates the response at short times. In this work, we report on the quantification of carrier dynamics and recombination mechanisms by complementary use of both time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS) and TRPL combined with numerical modeling of the continuity equations and Poisson’s equation. We have demonstrated this approach using CdTe thin films. A thin film stack with CdTe fabricated by vapor transport deposition and treated with CdCl 2 exhibited a bulk lifetime of 1.7 ± 0.1 ns, negligible CdTe/CdS interface recombination velocity, and back surface recombination velocity of 6.3 ± 1.3 x10 4 cm/s. In contrast, a film stack without CdCl 2 treatment had a bulk lifetime of only 68 ± 12 ps and a higher interface recombination velocity of 4 ± 2 x10 8 cm/s. By determining the locus and mechanisms of performance-limiting recombination, we can accelerate the development of thin-film PVs with higher V oc and efficiency. While the method has been demonstrated here using CdTe, it is also applicable to perovskites, Cu(InGa)Se 2 , Cu2ZnSn(S,Se) 4, and emerging technologies.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Impact of particle size and particle-flow-wall coupling on pressurized oxy-combustion in the down-fired burner

Concerns over climate change have led to numerous efforts in developing low-carbon energy technologies. Pressurized oxy-combustion (POC) is a promising candidate to reduce carbon emissions in power generation. Designing an effective burner plays a vital role in developing new coal combustion technologies. Because of the high pressure, the volume fraction of coal particles at the fuel inlet of the burner of a pressurized oxy-combustor is close or even higher than the maximum limit that commercial CFD codes (e.g., ANSYS FLUENT) can handle. At this high particle volume fraction, the interactions among particles, fluid flow, and wall need to be re-evaluated. The present computational work is the first step of a systematic analysis of the particle influence, like releasing method, releasing locating, and particle size, in a pilot-scale POC combustor, developed at Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL). In a POC process, pulverized coal is burned under elevated pressure and O2-CO2 environment. Specifically, a 15-bar, 100 kWth, POC combustor is modeled employing ANSYS FLUENT, using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modeling. It is revealed that for this pilot-scale, pressurized burner, velocity profiles of the near-wall region in this POC facility exhibit some discrepancy against the near-wall turbulent flow velocity profile. In order to investigate the particle influence in the near-wall region, particle releasing location will be investigated. Numerical simulation results exhibit the coupling effect of turbulence flow and particles in this case. The particle size also demonstrates a great effect on particle trajectory, then further has an impact on flame stability and temperature.

Li, Lei↗
DOE OSTI2021

Evaluation of pressure reconstruction techniques for Model Order Reduction in incompressible convective heat transfer

This paper compares pressure reconstruction strategies in Model Order Reduction for incompressible flows with convective heat transfer. The Navier-Stokes equation are reduced along with the passive scalar transport equation for the temperature using the POD-Galerkin technique. Six different pressure reconstruction methods are evaluated, two of which are novel to the best of the authors’ knowledge. Accurate pressure reconstruction is key to avoid error buildup in when solving for the conservation of linear momentum at the reduced level. The six approaches are compared using Direct Numerical Simulations of convective heat exchange processes in a 3D Backward Facing Step with a heated cylinder. Additionally, when comparing time-averaged metrics, we observe that the reconstruction methods that approximate the reduced pressure field using techniques borrowed from full order models (mechanical analogy, pressure Poisson, and velocity supremizers) yield higher errors than the methods that seek to stabilize the reduced systems (reduced residual stabilization, artificial divergence, and Uzawa operator).

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Analytic_Deflection_of_Asteroids_by_NEDs

This package evaluates an analytic formula for the change in velocity imparted to an asteroid by a 1 or 2 keV black body source given the radius of the asteroid, the standoff distance, the x-ray yield, the density of the asteroid, and the fit coefficients for the 1 or 2 keV black body source (provided in the module). Three variations of the formula are given; the "original" form, the "modified" form that accounts for the angle of incidence in calculating the melt depth, and a form based on an "impulse" model. Each formula is fit to simulations of spherical asteroids of uniform composition illuminated by black body x-rays.

Managan, RobertA↗
DOE OSTI2023

Computational Analysis of the Impact of Boundary Conditions on a Particle-Laden Flow: A Case Study in a Pressurized Oxy-Coal Combustor

Designing an effective burner is vital for the development of coal combustion technologies. Because of high pressure, the volumetric fraction of the coal particles in the injected fuel in a pressurized oxy-combustion (POC) burner approaches or even exceeds the limitations allowed by the commercial computational fluid dynamics codes (e.g., Ansys Fluent). Consequently, for such high particle volumetric fractions, the interplay between the particles, the fluid flow, and the burner wall needs to be re-evaluated. The present computational work is a first step in a systematic analysis of the roles of various characteristics involved in the POC process, such as the method of particle release, its location, and the particle size. Specifically, pulverized coal is burned under an elevated pressure of 15 bar in an O 2 /CO 2 environment. A 100 kW, a POC combustor, is modeled with Ansys Fluent using the Reynolds-averaged Navier−Stokes approach. It is revealed that for this pilot-scale, pressurized burner, the gas phase flow velocity in the near-wall region exhibits anomalies. With the major focus on POC, this work aims to eliminate/reduce the impact of high particle loading on the gas-phase flow. To scrutinize the role of particle loading in the near-wall region and eliminate the impact of this velocity on POC downstream, the particle−gas interplay in the boundary layer is investigated by means of the computational simulations incorporating the coupling between the turbulent flow and the particles. It is found that the tuning of the particle release location makes the gas-phase flow velocity in the presence of particles consistent with the pure gas flow velocity profile. The particles size is also found to have a significant impact on the particle trajectory.

CFD↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electronic energy loss and ion velocity correlation effects in track production in swift-ion-irradiated LiNbO3: A quantitative assessment between structural damage morphology and energy deposition

The primary motivation for studying how irradiation modifies the structures and properties of solid materials involves the understanding of undesirable phenomena, including irradiation-induced degradation of components in nuclear reactors and space exploration, and beneficial applications, including material performance tailoring through ion beam modification and defect engineering. In this work, the formation mechanism of latent tracks with different damage morphologies in LiNbO 3 crystals under 0.09–6.17 MeV/u ion irradiation with an electronic energy loss from 2.6–13.2 keV/nm is analyzed by experimental characterizations and numerical calculations. Irradiation-induced damage is preliminarily evaluated via the prism coupling technique to analyze the correlation between the dark-mode spectra and energy loss profiles of irradiated regions. Under the irradiation conditions of different ion velocities and electronic energy losses, different damage morphologies, from individual spherical defects to discontinuous and continuous tracks, are experimentally characterized. During ion penetration process, the ion velocity determines the spatiotemporal distribution of deposited irradiation energy induced by electronic energy loss, meaning that the two essential factors including electronic energy loss and ion velocity co-affect the track damage. The inelastic thermal spike model is used to numerically calculate the spatiotemporal evolutions of energy deposition and the corresponding atomic temperature under different irradiation conditions, and a quantitative relationship is proposed by comparison with corresponding experimentally observed track damage morphologies. Additionally, the obtained quantitative relationship between irradiation conditions and track damage provides deep insight and guidance for understanding the damage behavior of crystal materials in extreme radiation environments and selecting irradiation parameters, including ion species and energies, for ion beam technique application in atomic-level defect manipulation, material modification, and micro/nanofabrication.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Evaluating the feasibility of tidal energy extraction at non-operational gas platforms and effects of sedimentation and sea ice in Cook Inlet (Abstract)

Littoral Power Systems (LPS) has been granted a FERC preliminary permit for the Upper Cook Inlet Tidal Energy Project in an area that includes existing non-producing natural gas platforms. LPS is working to understand the feasibility of a 2 MW tidal energy project and is considering multiple technologies, the viability of using the platforms to support deployment and operation of the technologies, as well as the environmental conditions that will interact with tidal energy devices. The proposed TEAMER work will conduct a modeling study to understand 1) current velocity and turbulence; 2) the distribution of sea ice trajectories around the platform; and 3) the likelihood of seabed erosion and deposition through an analysis of shear stress in the seabed near the platforms. The results of this work will contribute to determining the feasibility of the site for tidal energy development.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2021

Generation of the TSL for Zirconium Hydrides from Ab Initio Methods

Zirconium hydride (ZrHx) is a moderator material used in TRIGA and other reactors that may exist in multiple phases with varying stoichiometry, which include the δ phase and the ϵ phase. Current ENDF/B-VIII.0 ZrHx thermal scattering law (TSL) evaluations do not distinguish between phases. These sub-libraries were generated with the LEAPR module of NJOY using historic phonon spectra derived from a central force model and assume incoherent elastic scattering for both bound hydrogen and zirconium, which neglects the effects of crystal structures important for scattering from zirconium bound in ZrHx. In this work, the TSLs for hydrogen and zirconium bound in δ-ZrHx and ϵ-ZrH2 were generated from phonon spectra derived from modern ab initio lattice dynamics methods and ab initio molecular dynamics. Subsequently, TSLs for hydrogen and zirconium in ZrHx and ZrH2 were generated using the Full Law Analysis Scattering System Hub (FLASSH) code. The built-in generalized coherent elastic routine was used to generate the previously neglected elastic contribution from zirconium for this material. The present TSLs provide both a re-evaluation of the current ZrH sub-libraries and expansion of the set of TSLs available for the examination of neutrons in systems with zirconium hydride, permitting explicit treatment of δ and ϵ phases.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

High-Resolution Near-Surface Imaging at the Basin Scale Using Dark Fiber and Distributed Acoustic Sensing: Toward Site Effect Estimation in Urban Environments

Near-surface seismic structure, particularly the shear wave velocity (V s ), can strongly affect local site response, and should be accurately estimated for ground motion prediction during seismic hazard assessment. The Imperial Valley (California), occupying the southern end of the Salton Trough, is a seismically active basin with thick surficial lacustrine sedimentary deposits. In this study, we utilize ambient noise records and local earthquake events for high-resolution near-surface characterization and site effect estimation with an unlit fiber-optic telecommunication infrastructure (dark fiber) in Imperial Valley by using the distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technique. We apply ambient noise interferometry to retrieve coherent surface waves from DAS records, and evaluate performances of three different surface wave methods on DAS ambient noise dispersion imaging. We develop a quality control workflow to improve the dispersion measurement of noisy portions of the DAS data set by using a data selection strategy. Using the joint inversion of both the fundamental mode and higher overtones of Rayleigh waves, a high resolution two-dimensional (2D) V s structure down to 70 m depth is obtained. We successfully achieve an improved V s 30 (the time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m) model with higher spatial-resolution and reliability compared to the existing community model for the area. We also explore the potential for utilizing DAS earthquake events for site amplification estimation. The preliminary results reveal a clear anti-correlation between the approximated site response and the V s 30 profile. In conclusion, our results indicate the potential utility of DAS deployed on dark fiber for near-surface characterization in appropriate contexts.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Nondimensional convection numbers modeling thermally stratified storage tanks: Richardson's number and hot-water tanks

Thermally stratified storage tank studies have spanned over 50 years to increase the thermal storage efficiency and accurate prediction of the outlet temperature particularly for solar applications. The studies have reviewed and modeled the jet and plume flow phenomena inside the tank due to the inlet mixing and stratification level. Kelvin–Helmholtz and Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities are the major drivers of the mixing in these tanks. Momentum jets deflecting off walls at the bottom of the tank also create significant mixing. Reviewing Richardson models shows that the categorization was based on the range of Reynolds numbers at the inlet. Unfortunately, the use of superficial velocity in calculating the Richardson number results in critical values in the literature ranging from below 0.25 to 100. The most used length scale associated with these flows is an inertial scale based on the tank height or diameter although the mixing can occur at a relatively smaller scale. The various inlet devices and a large span of flow rates experienced in thermally stratified storage tanks requisite the use of the Reynolds number in combination with a convection number for accurate one dimensional models that predict performance over the long-term. The evaluation of peak shifting of electric loads leveraging renewable sources for applications, including residential hot-water tanks, commercial water tanks, and large-scale chilled water storage tanks, require these models. Finally, this paper is focused on establishing the significance of the convection numbers in conjunction with the Reynolds number for modeling the thermal stratification in storage tanks.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Multilevel Conditional Disturbance Rejection Control for Satellite Attitude Tracking

Recently, the conditional disturbance rejection controller (CDRC) was proposed to improve control performance by leveraging disturbances that have beneficial effects on the system. However, it only considers disturbances acting on the state variable directly influenced by them. Although fast convergence of this state can be achieved with the CDRC, it may unintentionally affect the convergence of the output (i.e., the primary state). Here, in this article, a multilevel CDRC is proposed to enhance satellite attitude control performance by accounting for the effect of disturbances on both attitude (output) and angular velocity. The extended state observer is employed to estimate the lumped disturbance, including the modeling errors and external disturbances. Then, a backstepping-based controller with the multilevel disturbance rejection law (ML-DRL) is designed for attitude tracking. The ML-DRL is developed to improve the control performance by using a disturbance with a damping effect on both attitude and velocity. Faster convergence of attitude and velocity can be achieved by conditionally compensating for the disturbance. The stability of the proposed control method is analyzed by demonstrating that the errors are bounded as time tends to infinity. The attitude control performance of the proposed method is evaluated through numerical examples conducted using the MATLAB/Simulink Multibody tool.

Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)↗
DOE OSTI2023

Vortex Structure of Head Bubble in Convective Cloud Starting Plume

Abstract A developing cumulus cloud (Cu) was modeled, and dynamic, thermodynamic, and microphysical properties of an ascending head bubble reproducing the upper part of a developing Cu were investigated. The data for analysis are taken from 10-m-resolution LES of trade wind Cu under BOMEX conditions. The detection of a rising bubble is carried out using wavelet filtering of the velocity fields and microphysical fields, while a low-frequency signal of the filtering is associated with the convective-scale structure of cloud. We substantiate and discuss the representation of the bubble as a vortex ring, and estimate the parameters of this vortex ring. The simplest Hill’s vortex was chosen as a model of a vortex ring inside cloud. Analytical approximations of the radial profiles of the vertical velocity and of conservative quantities (such as total water mixing ratio and liquid water potential temperature inside and outside the bubble) are obtained. The spatial structure of these quantities is investigated using analytical expressions. Analytical models for spatial distributions of liquid water content (LWC) and adiabatic fraction (AF) are also designed and analyzed. The results demonstrate the existence of a cloud core with high values of LWC and AF up to the height of 1800 m. The horizontally averaged value of the adiabatic fraction, calculated analytically using the Hill’s vortex concept, is evaluated as 0.39, which is the typical AF value in the upper parts of such Cu. The vertical profiles of different important quantities characterizing cloud structure are presented. The analysis performed in this study allows us to conclude that a rising vortex ring plays the dominating role in formation of the thermodynamic and microphysical structure of developing Cu. Significance Statement 1) Dynamic and thermodynamic fields of a developing cumulus cloud simulated by high-resolution LES with spectral bin microphysics are separated into convective and turbulent components by means of the wavelet technique. 2) The analysis of convective component of the cloud revealed the existence of a vortex ring at the developing stage of the cloud and evaluate its parameters. 3) The analysis performed in this study allows us to conclude that a rising vortex ring plays the important role in formation of the thermodynamic and microphysical structure of developing Cu. 4) The study provides a novel insight into the cloud–environment interaction. 5) The approximating equations describing the vortex ring can be usefully applied for developing new schemes of convective parameterization.

Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences↗
DOE OSTI2026

Computational flow modeling of triply periodic minimal surfaces as feed channel spacers in ultra-high pressure reverse osmosis applications

Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) are a special class of mathematical surfaces characterized by a high surface area-to-volume ratio. They have generated considerable interest in fields such as acoustics, heat transfer, and membrane-based filtration processes. This study evaluates the performance of four different TPMS designs—Schoen Gyroid, Schoen Crossed Layers of Parallels (CLP), Schoen Transverse Crossed Layers of Parallels (tCLP), and Schwarz-Primitive—when used as feed channel spacers under ultra-high pressure reverse osmosis (UHPRO) conditions, at approximately 200 bar. Our experimentally validated computational fluid dynamics model reveal different flow patterns within the feed channels for each of the four TPMS designs, leading to varying hydrodynamic and permeation properties. Under the simulated UHPRO conditions, the Gyroid and tCLP designs yield up to a 23% increase in average permeate velocity and a 14% reduction in average membrane-surface concentration relative to a non-woven spacer of the same porosity. Furthermore, the enhanced performance comes with an increased feed channel pressure drop, although it only constitutes less than 4% of the operating pressure when extrapolated for a meter-long membrane module. Additionally, the study analyzes the effects of varying inlet velocity and spacer porosity on membrane performance. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the potential use of TPMS spacers in UHPRO applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Development of a coupled experimental–computational approach for engineering optimization of spout-fluidized bed particle coating systems

The design of spout-fluidized bed (SFB) coating systems for nuclear particle fuels typically relies on trial-and-error processes, comprising iterative and time-consuming coating deposition experiments and post-deposition characterization. At an engineering scale, this approach to guided SFB system design is inefficient, highlighting the need for streamlined experimental methodologies which can correlate fluidization conditions to downstream coating outcomes. In this study, we combine time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) with CFD–DEM simulations to benchmark hydrodynamic behavior in a 3D spout-fluidized bed. By exploiting easily accessible optical measurements of particle motion at the bed wall and within the spouting region, we obtain quantitative velocity fields that can be directly compared with model predictions of the occluded bed region, without resorting to complex imaging and characterization techniques such as X-ray or magnetic resonance tomography. Experimental benchmarking reveals strong agreement between CFD–DEM and PIV in the spout and annulus regions, while discrepancies near the wall highlight areas for future model development. Here, the proposed integrated experimental–numerical framework will enable a direct connection between measured variables and numerically predicted fluidization performance of dense, surrogate nuclear particle fuel feedstock such that experimental SFB component design can be rapidly evaluated, informing design decisions for nozzle geometry and operating conditions. Future work will extend this framework by correlating quantified fluidization metrics across nozzle geometries and operating conditions with the resulting coating morphology, microstructure, and uniformity. Establishing these correlations will enable predictive links between hydrodynamic performance and coating quality, providing a rational, scalable basis for optimizing SFB design prior to coating deposition.

CFD/DEM↗
DOE OSTI2021

Modeling of carbon pellets disruption mitigation in an NSTX-U plasma

Single carbon pellet disruption mitigation simulations using M3D-C1 were conducted for an NSTX-U-like plasma to support the electromagnetic pellet injection concept (EPI). A carbon ablation model has been implemented in M3D-C1 and tested with available data. 2D simulations were conducted in order to estimate the amount of carbon needed to quench the plasma, finding that the content in a 1 mm radius vitreous carbon pellet (~3.2x10E20 atoms) would be enough if it is entirely ablated. 3D simulations were performed, scanning over pellet velocity and parallel thermal conductivity, as well as different injection directions and pellet concepts (solid pellets and shell pellets). The sensitivity of the thermal quench and other related quantities to these parameters has been evaluated. A 1 mm radius solid pellet only partially ablates at velocities of 300 m/s or higher, thus being unable to fully quench the plasma. To further enhance the ablation, approximations to an array of pellets and the shell pellet concept were also explored. 3D field line stochastization plays an important role in both quenching the center of the plasma and in heat flux losses, thus lowering the amount of carbon needed to mitigate the plasma when compared to the 2D case. This study constitutes an important step forward in `predict-first' simulations for disruption mitigation in NSTX-U and other devices, such as ITER.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Studies of Alternative Ventilation Configurations to Mitigate Airborne Exposure Risks in Office Spaces

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of alternative ventilation configurations on airflow patterns and potential exposure risks in office spaces. Two existing conference rooms at Sandia NM were modeled using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to characterize airflow patterns and potential airborne exposure risks in well-mixed and once-through (through-flow) ventilation conditions. Multiple scenarios were studied to evaluate the impact of occupancy, Plexiglass barriers, and a modified-return airflow configuration. Experimental and visualization tests were also conducted to validate the well-mixed and through-flow models and findings. The simulations demonstrated that the modified-return airflow configuration that promoted through-flow conditions reduced pathogen concentrations within the space compared to the well-mixed airflow configuration; occupancy reduction only reduced the number of exposed individuals, and Plexiglass barriers had almost no effect. The experimentally measured air speeds at nine anemometer locations generally matched the simulated airflow velocities, and a fog-purge visualization test was also consistent with simulated results of plume movement and dissipation. The visualization tests demonstrated improvements in air change rate with the modified return, which promoted through-flow conditions, versus the original well-mixed ventilation configuration. The results of this study demonstrate that minor modifications to a space that promote through-flow conditions can improve air quality and reduce pathogen concentrations. Additional airflow modeling and testing of alternative occupied space configurations are recommended to further inform room designs that mitigate airborne exposure risks for occupants.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Adversarial super-resolution of climatological wind and solar data

Accurate and high-resolution data reflecting different climate scenarios are vital for policy makers when deciding on the development of future energy resources, electrical infrastructure, transportation networks, agriculture, and many other societally important systems. However, state-of-the-art long-term global climate simulations are unable to resolve the spatiotemporal characteristics necessary for resource assessment or operational planning. We introduce an adversarial deep learning approach to super resolve wind velocity and solar irradiance outputs from global climate models to scales sufficient for renewable energy resource assessment. Using adversarial training to improve the physical and perceptual performance of our networks, we demonstrate up to a 50 × resolution enhancement of wind and solar data. In validation studies, the inferred fields are robust to input noise, possess the correct small-scale properties of atmospheric turbulent flow and solar irradiance, and retain consistency at large scales with coarse data. An additional advantage of our fully convolutional architecture is that it allows for training on small domains and evaluation on arbitrarily-sized inputs, including global scale. We conclude with a super-resolution study of renewable energy resources based on climate scenario data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fifth Assessment Report.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗