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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

QUIESCENCE CORRELATES STRONGLY WITH DIRECTLY MEASURED BLACK HOLE MASS IN CENTRAL GALAXIES

Roughly half of all stars reside in galaxies without significant ongoing star formation. However, galaxy formation models indicate that it is energetically challenging to suppress the cooling of gas and the formation of stars in galaxies that lie at the centers of their dark matter halos. In this Letter, we show that the dependence of quiescence on black hole and stellar mass is a powerful discriminant between differing models for the mechanisms that suppress star formation. Using observations of 91 star-forming and quiescent central galaxies with directly measured black hole masses, we find that quiescent galaxies host more massive black holes than star-forming galaxies with similar stellar masses. This observational result is in qualitative agreement with models that assume that effective, more-or-less continuous active galactic nucleus feedback suppresses star formation, strongly suggesting the importance of the black hole in producing quiescence in central galaxies.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1985

Are galaxies more strongly correlated than clusters?

Distributions of galaxies and of clusters of galaxies have been investigated using the correlation function, the excess probability over random that there are two objects separated by a distance r. It is shown here that if the amplitudes of the cluster-cluster correlation function are made dimensionless, systematic changes with cluster richness vanish, implying scale invariance in the cluster process. The dimensionless galaxy-galaxy correlation seems stronger, implying gravitational enhancement on smaller scales.

Szalay, A. S.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Thermoelectric properties of strongly correlated compounds AnPd3 (An = Pu, Np)

We present, for the first time, the thermoelectric properties of NpPd3 and PuPd3 compounds. We show that the Seebeck coefficient of these materials is enhanced and its magnitude and temperature dependence are characteristic of dense Kondo systems in which 5f -states are present in the vicinity of the Fermi level. The electrical resistivity also shows characteristic behavior of Kondo lattices in these materials. For cubic NpPd3 a sharp transition in electrical resistivity and thermopower together with a change of sign of S (T) at the Néel temperature, indicate a first order nature of the magnetic transition. This transition is probably accompanied by a large Fermi-surface reconstruction. Further studies, however, are required to better understand the electronic structure of cubic NpPd3 and other AnPd3 phases. We have also estimated power factor (S^2/rho) of the samples studied. We find out that it is relatively high although much smaller than observed in rare-earth-based REPd3 phases, especially CePd3.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

To stack or not to stack: Spectral energy distribution properties of Lyα-emitting galaxies at z = 2.1

We use the Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) GOODS-S multi-wavelength catalog to identify counterparts for 20 Lyα emitting (LAE) galaxies at z = 2.1. We build several types of stacked spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these objects. We combine photometry to form average and median flux-stacked SEDs, and postage-stamp images to form average and median image-stacked SEDs. We also introduce scaled flux stacks that eliminate the influence of variation in overall brightness. We use the SED fitting code SpeedyMC to constrain the physical properties of individual objects and stacks. Our LAEs at z = 2.1 have stellar masses ranging from 2 × 10{sup 7} M {sub ☉} to 8 × 10{sup 9} M {sub ☉} (median = 3 × 10{sup 8} M {sub ☉}), ages ranging from 4 Myr to 500 Myr (median = 100 Myr), and E(B – V) between 0.02 and 0.24 (median = 0.12). Although still low, this represents significantly more dust reddening than has been reported for LAEs at higher redshifts. We do not observe strong correlations between Lyα equivalent width (EW) and age or E(B – V). The Lyα radiative transfer (q) factors of our sample are predominantly close to one and do not correlate strongly with EW or E(B – V). The absence of strong correlations with EW or q implies that Lyα radiative transfer is highly anisotropic and/or prevents Lyα photons from scattering in dusty regions. The SED parameters of the flux stacks match the average and median values of the individual objects, with the flux-scaled median SED performing best with uncertainties reduced by a factor of two. Median image-stacked SEDs provide a poor representation of the median individual object, and none of the stacking methods capture the large dispersion of LAE properties.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Revising the Radiobiological Model of Synchronous Chemotherapy in Head-and-Neck Cancer: A New Analysis Examining Reduced Weighting of Accelerated Repopulation

Purpose: Previous studies of synchronous chemoradiation therapy have modeled the additional effect of chemotherapy as additional radiation therapy biologically effective dose (BED). Recent trials of accelerated versus conventional fractionation chemoradiation have cast doubt on such modeling. The purpose of this study was to identify alternative models. Methods and Materials: Nine trials of platinum-based chemoradiation were identified. In radiation therapy-alone arms, the radiation therapy BED for tumor was calculated using standard parameters. In chemoradiation arms, 3 methods were used to calculate tumor BED (tBED): additional BED, addition of 9.3 Gy BED for tumor to the radiation therapy BED; zero repopulation, BED with no correction for repopulation; variable t{sub p} (the average doubling time during accelerated repopulation), values of t{sub p} 3-10 were used to examine a partial suppression of repopulation. The correlations between the calculated percentage change in tBED for each method and observed percentage change in local control were assessed using the Pearson product moment correlation. Results: Significant correlations were obtained for all 3 methods but were stronger with zero repopulation (P=.0002) and variable t{sub p} (t{sub p} = 10) (P=.0005) than additional BED (P=.02). Conclusions: Radiobiological models using modified parameters for accelerated repopulation seem to correlate strongly with outcome in chemoradiation studies. The variable t{sub p} method shows strong correlation for outcome in local control and is potentially a more suitable model in the chemoradiation setting. However, a lack of trials with an overall treatment time of more than 46 days inhibits further differentiation of the optimal model.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Influence of the Diagonal and Off-Diagonal Electron–Phonon Interactions on the Formation of Local Polarons and Their Band Structure in Materials with Strong Electron Correlations

For systems with strong electron correlations and strong electron–phonon interaction, we analyze the electron–phonon interaction in local variables. The effects of the mutual influence of electron–electron and electron–phonon interactions that determine the structure of local Hubbard polarons are described. Using a system containing copper–oxygen layers as an example, we consider the competition between the diagonal and off-diagonal interactions of electrons with the breathing mode as the polaron band structure is formed within a corrected formulation of the polaron version of the generalized tight-binding method. The band structure of Hubbard polarons is shown to depend strongly on the temperature due to the excitation of Franck–Condon resonances. For an undoped La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4} compound we have described the evolution of the band structure and the spectral function from the hole dispersion in an antiferromagnetic insulator at low temperatures with the valence band maximum at point (π/2, π/2) to the spectrum with the maximum at point (π, π) typical for the paramagnetic phase. The polaron line width at the valence band top and its temperature dependence agree qualitatively with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy for undoped cuprates.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗