Remote sensing applications to hydrologic modeling in the southern Sierra Nevada and portions of the San Joaquin Valley, volume 2
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Consideration is given to the following types of high energy physics instrumentation: drift chambers, multiwire proportional chambers, calorimeters, optical detectors, ionization and scintillation detectors, solid state detectors, and electronic and digital subsystems. Attention is also paid to reactor instrumentation, nuclear medicine instrumentation, data acquisition systems for nuclear instrumentation, microprocessor applications in nuclear science, environmental instrumentation, control and instrumentation of nuclear power generating stations, and radiation monitoring. Papers are also presented on instrumentation for the High Energy Astronomy Observatory.
The problems of airport access are examined and recommendations are made based on current transportation availability, public costs, and future transportation demand. Major conclusions presented include: (1) access must be considered in the contex of the overall urban transportation system, (2) expensive and inflexible travel modes designed primarily for airport access are not justifiable, (3) VTOL and STOL are presently too expensive for large-scale commercial use, and (4) the automobile will continue to be the predominant access mode in the future.
The outcomes of three analytical studies are presented. Areas of concentration presented include: (1) Zonal Airport Transit System designed to address the problem of airport access options, (2) the issues and problems of airport parking and circulation, and (3) the problems of effectively providing airport access information.
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Instrumentation used in optical polarimetry is discussed with reference to high-resolution spectropolarimetry, an orbiter cloud photopolarimeter, X-ray polarimeters, and the design of a self-nulling ellipsometer. Consideration is given to surface and thin-film ellipsometry noting studies of electrochemical surface layers, surface anisotropy, polish layers on infrared window materials, and anodic films. Papers on biological, chemical, and physical polarimetry are presented including birefringence in biological materials, vibrational optical activity, and the optical determination of the thermodynamic phase diagram of a metamagnet. Remote sensing is discussed in terms of polarization imagery, the optical polarimetry of particulate surfaces, and techniques and applications of elliptical polarimetry in astronomy and atmospheric studies.
These papers deal with recent research, developments, and applications in laser and electrooptics technology, particularly with regard to atmospheric effects in imaging and propagation, laser instrumentation and measurements, and particle measurement. Specific topics include advanced imaging techniques, image resolution through atmospheric turbulence over the ocean, an efficient method for calculating transmittance profiles, a comparison of a corner-cube reflector and a plane mirror in folded-path and direct transmission through atmospheric turbulence, line-spread instrumentation for propagation measurements, scaling laws for thermal fluctuations in the layer adjacent to ocean waves, particle sizing by laser photography, and an optical Fourier transform analysis of satellite cloud imagery. Other papers discuss a subnanosecond photomultiplier tube for laser application, holography of solid propellant combustion, diagnostics of turbulence by holography, a camera for in situ photography of cloud particles from a hail research aircraft, and field testing of a long-path laser transmissometer designed for atmospheric visibility measurements.
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The paper covers the studies presented on nuclear science and nuclear power systems symposiums. The studies deal with nuclear radiation detectors, nuclear circuits and systems, space and medical instrumentation, as well as with environmental and reactor instrumentation. Data preprocessing and acquisition are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the engineered safety features of nuclear systems.
Satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is evaluated in terms of its geologic applications. The benchmark to which the SAR images are compared is LANDSAT, used both for structural and lithologic interpretations.
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Papers are presented on remote sensing applications in resource monitoring and management, data classification and modeling procedures, and the use of remote sensing techniques in developing nations. The subjects of land use/land cover, soil mapping, crop identification, mapping of geological resources, renewable resource analysis, and oceanographic applications are discussed. Papers from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, the Syrian Arab Republic, the People's Republic of China, the Phillipines, Italy, Upper Volta and the United States are included.
The considered investigations deal with some of the more important present day and future bearing requirements, and design methodologies available for coping with them. Solutions to many forthcoming bearing problems lie in the utilization of the most advanced materials, design methods, and lubrication techniques. Attention is given to materials for rolling element bearings, numerical analysis techniques and design methodology for rolling element bearing load support systems, lubrication of rolling element bearings, journal bearing design for high speed turbomachinery, design and energy losses in the case of turbulent flow bearings, and fluid film bearing response to dynamic loading.
A thorough evaluation of all LANDSAT coverage of the study area (considering atmospheric clarity, seasonal aspects, specific swath location, and digital quality) resulted in the selection of two consecutive (continuously recorded) scenes for detailed analyses. The acquisition of HCMM and SEASAT imagery as well as high altitude U-2 uniform coverage is being considered. A bibliography of previous geological studies and methodological examples is estimated to be 70% complete.
The SWT-3 wind turbine, a microprocessor controlled three bladed variable speed upwind machine with a 3MW rating that is presently operational and undergoing system testing, is discussed. The tower, a rigid triangular truss configuration, is rotated about its vertical axis to position the wind turbine into the prevailing wind. The blades rotate at variable speed in order to maintain an optimum 6 to 1 tip speed ratio between cut in and fated wind velocity, thereby maximizing power extraction from the wind. Rotor variable speed is implemented by the use of a hydrostatic transmission consisting of fourteen fixed displacement pumps operating in conjunction with eighteen variable displacement motors. Full blade pitch with on-off hydraulic actuation is used to maintain 3MW of output power.
Applications of superconductivity are considered, taking into account MHD and fusion, generators, transformers, transmission lines, magnets for physics, cryogenic techniques, electrtronics, and aspects of magnet stability. Advances related to heat transfer in He I are discussed along with subjects related to theat transfer in He II, refrigeration of superconducting systems, refrigeration and liquefaction, dilution and magnetic refrigerators, refrigerators for space applications, mass transfer and flow phenomena, and the properties of fluids. Developments related to cryogenic applications are also explored, giving attention to bulk storage and transfer of cryogenic fluids, liquefied natural gas operations, space science and technology, and cryopumping. Topics related to cryogenic instrumentation and controls include the production and use of high grade silicon diode temperature sensors, the choice of strain gages for use in a large superconducting alternator, microprocessor control of cryogenic pressure, and instrumentation, data acquisition and reduction for a large spaceborne helium dewar.
The analytical simulation of deployment dynamics of these two axis concepts as well as the evolution of practical designs for the add on deployable inertia boom units is described. With the boom free to swing back in response to Coriolis forces as well as outwards in response to centrifugal forces, the kinematics of motion are complex but admit the possibility of absorbing deployment energy in frictional or other damping devices about the radial axis, where large amplitude motions can occur and where the design envelope allows more available volume. An acceptable range is defined for frictional damping for any given spin rate. Inadequate damping allows boom motions which strike the spacecraft; excessive damping causes the boom to swing out and latch with damaging violence. The acceptable range is a design parameter and must accommodate spin rate tolerance and also the tolerance and repeatability of the damping mechanisms.