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Design tools for reporter strands and DNA origami scaffold strands
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On the feasibility of future colliders: report of the Snowmass'21 Implementation Task Force
Colliders are essential research tools for particle physics. Numerous future collider proposal were discussed in the course of the US high energy physics community strategic planning exercise Snowmass'21. The Implementation Task Force (ITF) has been established to evaluate the proposed future accelerator projects for performance, technology readiness, schedule, cost, and environmental impact. Corresponding metrics has been developed for uniform comparison of the proposals ranging from Higgs/EW factories to multi-TeV lepton, hadron and ep collider facilities, based on traditional and advanced acceleration technologies. Here, this article describes the metrics and approaches, and presents evaluations of future colliders performed by the ITF.
Project X Energy Station Workshop Report. Report by the Organizers and Co-Conveners of the Project X Energy Station Workshop
On January 29–30, 2013, Fermilab hosted a workshop with the objective to identify and explore the nuclear energy relevant research and development that would be possible in a nuclear energy station associated with the Project X Linear Accelerator (linac). Recognizing that the U.S. Nuclear Energy mission will always require the use of test reactors, the hypotheses that a nuclear energy station associated with Project X could accelerate and enhance the ability to test and evaluate new materials and advanced reactor fuels was explored. Forty-five of the invited participants including staff from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), DOE Laboratories, universities, and other institutes attended the workshop. These participants were invited based on their technical expertise and relevant experience.
Computational Science - Scientific Visualization: Closeout Certifications; CSSV Newsletter Volume I; CSSV Newsletter Volume II; CSSV Activity Journal; CSSV Final Financial Report (Final Technical Progress Report)
This Project's third year of implementation in 2007-2008, the final year, as designated by Elizabeth City State University (ECSU), in cooperation with the National Association of Mathematicians (NAM) Inc., in an effort to promote research and research training programs in computational science & scientific visualization (CSSV). A major goal of the Project was to attract the energetic and productive faculty, graduate and upper division undergraduate students of diverse ethnicities to a program that investigates science and computational science issues of long-term interest to the Department of Energy (DoE) and the nation. The breadth and depth of computational science & scientific visualization and the magnitude of resources available are enormous for permitting a variety of research activities. ECSU's Computational Science-Science Visualization Center will serve as a conduit for directing users to these enormous resources.
Evaluation and Analysis of a Few International Periodic Safety Review Summary Reports (Technical Letter Report)
At the request of the United States (U.S.) government, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) assembled a team of 20 senior safety experts to review the regulatory framework for the safety of operating nuclear power plants in the United States. This review focused on the effectiveness of the regulatory functions implemented by the NRC and on its commitment to nuclear safety and continuous improvement. One suggestion resulting from that review was that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) incorporate lessons learned from periodic safety reviews (PSRs) performed in other countries as an input to the NRC’s assessment processes.
Final Report for DOE SciDAC-2 IUSV Project Report (UTK site)
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FY 2013 Progress Report on the Cleanup of Irradiated 130 g-U/L Uranyl Sulfate SHINE Target Solutions (Final Report)
In fiscal year (FY) 2012, Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) developed a method for cleaning up uranium from a Subcritical Hybrid Intense Neutron Emitter (SHINE) Target Solution (STS) using a sulfate-to-nitrate conversion step (Bowers and Vandegrift 2013) followed by a UREX (uranium recovery by extraction) process flowsheet for purifying the uranium (Vandegrift et al. 2012a,b; Candido and Vandegrift 2012). In FY 2013, Argonne has refined the cleanup process for irradiated STS.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Radionuclide Air Emission Report for 2013 (NESHAPs 2013 Annual Report)
Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC operates facilities at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) where radionuclides are handled and stored. These facilities are subject to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) in Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 40, Part 61, Subpart H, which regulates radionuclide emissions to air from Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. Specifically, NESHAPs limits the emission of radionuclides to the ambient air to levels resulting in an annual effective dose equivalent of 10 mrem (100 μSv) to any member of the public. Using measured and calculated emissions, and building-specific and common parameters, LLNL personnel applied the EPA-approved computer code, CAP88-PC, Version 4.0.0.570, to calculate the dose to the maximally exposed individual member of the public for the Livermore Site and Site 300.
Report Documenting the Speciation of Metals in Homogeneous Reactor Solutions : RERTR Milestone Report
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Project Management Plan/Progress Report: UT/GTKS Training Program Development for Commercial Building Operators (Final Report)
Universidad del Turabo (UT), in a collaborative effort with Global Turn Key Services, Inc. (GTKS), proposed to develop a training program and a commercialization plan for the development of Commercial Building Operators (CBOs). The CBOs will operate energy efficient buildings to help maintain existing buildings up to their optimal energy performance level, and ensure that net-zero-energy buildings continuously operate at design specifications, thus helping achieve progress towards meeting BTP Strategic Goals of creating technologies and design approaches that enable net-zero-energy buildings at low incremental costs by 2025. The proposed objectives were then: (1) Develop a Commercial Building Operator (CBO) training program and accreditation that will in turn provide a certification to participants recognized by Accreditation Boards such as the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) and Leadership in Energy & Environmental Designs (LEED). (2) Develop and implement a commercialization and sustainability plan that details marketing, deployment, financial characterization, job placement, and other goals required for long-term sustainability of the project after the funding period. (3) After program development and deployment, provide potential candidates with the knowledge and skill sets to obtain employment in the commercial building green energy (net-zero-energy building) job market. The developed CBO training program will focus on providing skills for participants, such as displaced and unemployed workers, to enter the commercial building green energy (net-zeroenergy building) job market. This course was designed to allow a participant with minimal to no experience in commercial building green technology to obtain the required skill sets to enter the job market in as little as 12 weeks of intensive multi-faceted learning. After completion of the course, the CBO staff concluded the participant will meet minimum established accreditation standards established by UT and will complete the contact hours required of training to apply to the Certification on Energy Management (CEM) offered by the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE). The CBO training program consists of a combination of theory (classroom), online & computer simulation, laboratory & hands on (onsite) training lessons. The training is addressed four basic learning elements: (1) Learn the Technology; (2) Practice Skills with hands-on the Energy Simulation Builder program; (3) Final Project and Presentation; and, (4) Accreditation and Certifications.
Cellulosic Biomass Sugars to Advantage Jet Fuel: Catalytic Conversion of Corn Stover to Energy Dense, Low Freeze Point Paraffins and Naphthenes (CRADA CRD-12-462 Final Report)
NREL will provide scientific and engineering support to Virent Energy Systems in three technical areas: Process Development/Biomass Deconstruction; Catalyst Fundamentals; and Technoeconomic Analysis. The overarching objective of this project is to develop the first fully integrated process that can convert a lignocellulosic feedstock (e.g., corn stover) efficiently and cost effectively to a mix of hydrocarbons ideally suited for blending into jet fuel. The proposed project will investigate the integration of Virent Energy System's novel aqueous phase reforming (APR) catalytic conversion technology (BioForming) with deconstruction technologies being investigated by NREL at the 1-500 L scale. Corn stover was chosen as a representative large volume, sustainable feedstock.
Equipment Loan for Concentrated PV Cavity Converter (PVCC) Research: (CRADA CRD-08-285 Final Report)
Interest in High Concentration Photovoltaics (HCPV) for terrestrial applications has significantly grown in recent years. A major driver behind this growth trend is the availability of high efficiency multi-junction (MJ) cells that promise reliable operation under high concentrations (500 to 1000 suns). The primary impact of HCPV on the solar electricity cost is the dramatic reduction in cell cost. For terrestrial HCPV systems, operating at concentrations >/=500 suns, the expensive MJ cells are marginally affordable. Most recently, triple-junction test cells have achieved a conversion efficiency of over 40% under concentrated sunlight. Photovoltaic Cavity Converter (PVCC) is a multi-bandgap, high concentration PV device developed by United Innovations, Inc., under subcontract to NREL. The lateral- (2- dimensional) structure of PVCC, as opposed to vertical multi-junction (MJ) structure, helps to circumvent most of the developmental challenges MJ technology has yet to overcome. This CRADA will allow the continued development of this technology by United Innovations. cost. For terrestrial HCPV systems, operating at concentrations >/=500 suns, the expensive MJ cells are marginally affordable. Most recently, triple-junction test cells have achieved a conversion efficiency of over 40% under concentrated sunlight. Photovoltaic Cavity Converter (PVCC) is a multi-bandgap, high concentration PV device developed by United Innovations, Inc., under subcontract to NREL. The lateral- (2- dimensional) structure of PVCC, as opposed to vertical multi-junction (MJ) structure, helps to circumvent most of the developmental challenges MJ technology has yet to overcome. This CRADA will allow the continued development of this technology by United Innovations. cost. For terrestrial HCPV systems, operating at concentrations >/=500 suns, the expensive MJ cells are marginally affordable. Most recently, triple-junction test cells have achieved a conversion efficiency of over 40% under concentrated sunlight. Photovoltaic Cavity Converter (PVCC) is a multi-bandgap, high concentration PV device developed by United Innovations, Inc., under subcontract to NREL. The lateral- (2- dimensional) structure of PVCC, as opposed to vertical multi-junction (MJ) structure, helps to circumvent most of the developmental challenges MJ technology has yet to overcome. This CRADA will allow the continued development of this technology by United Innovations. cost. For terrestrial HCPV systems, operating at concentrations >/=500 suns, the expensive MJ cells are marginally affordable. Most recently, triple-junction test cells have achieved a conversion efficiency of over 40% under concentrated sunlight. Photovoltaic Cavity Converter (PVCC) is a multi-bandgap, high concentration PV device developed by United Innovations, Inc., under subcontract to NREL. The lateral- (2- dimensional) structure of PVCC, as opposed to vertical multi-junction (MJ) structure, helps to circumvent most of the developmental challenges MJ technology has yet to overcome. This CRADA will allow the continued development of this technology by United Innovations.
Report 1: International Cooperation to Development of Strategy and R&D Collaboration for Substitution of Rare Earth Resources and Report 2: Development of Magnetocaloric Alloys without Critical Elements
A Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Ames Laboratory and Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) in April of 2011 to establish a close cooperative relationship of research on Rare Metals. The Ames Laboratory through its operating contractor, Iowa State University, and the KITECH, as one of the goals of a joint Memorandum of Understanding, made agreement on a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) for a personnel exchange in April of 2012. Ames Laboratory and KITECH would be jointly performing collaboration work in this cooperation as the Parties. The individual backgrounds and capabilities of the Parties are ideally suited to the successful execution of this work. The Ames Laboratory has a history spanning more than 60 years of pioneering work in rare-earth (RE) research. With its team of internationally recognized rare-earth experts, the Ames Laboratory is uniquely positioned to provide the knowledge, expertise and training necessary to help ensure a global leadership position for the United States in rare-earth research, development and applications. The KITECH was founded to promote technological capability of small and medium-sized enterprises in Korea and has a mission of supporting research on materials science and engineering in Korea. In 2009, Korea Institute for Rare Metals (KIRAM) at KITECH was established. KIRAM makes selection and funding decisions for technology projects for strategic rare metals, and provides oversight of R&D programs. The KIRAM is focusing on the commercialization and recycling of particular rare metals. In addition KIRAM will be coordinating government, local universities, and small to medium enterprises to facilitate R&D support for core technologies. KIRAM will be carrying them through to commercialization, and establishing new industry.
Green Ocean Amazon 2014/15 Terrestrial Ecosystem Project (Geco). Field Campaign Report
In conjunction with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility GoAmazon campaign, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science (TES)-funded Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon 2014/15) terrestrial ecosystem project (Geco) was designed to: evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of leaf-level algorithms for biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions in Amazon forests near Manaus, Brazil, and conduct mechanistic field studies to characterize biochemical and physiological processes governing leaf- and landscape-scale tropical forest BVOC emissions, and the influence of environmental drivers that are expected to change with a warming climate.
Department of Energy Project DE-SC0012198: Probing Electron-Molecule Scattering with HHG: Theory and Experiment (Final Report)
The study of the motion of atoms in molecules is important to understanding many areas of physical and life sciences. Such motion occurs on many different times scales, with electronic motion occurring on a sub-femtosecond time scale, and simple vibrational motion in tens to hundreds of femtoseconds. One way to follow such processes in real time is by the use of shortpulsed lasers, and in particular by studying time-resolved photoionization and the related process of high-harmonic generation (HHG). Thus there has been much effort to develop the tools necessary to probe molecular systems using short pulse lasers and understanding the sensitivity of the different possible probes to the time dependent geometric structure as well as the electronic structure of molecules. Our research has particularly focused on the connection between high-field processes and the more traditional weak field photoionization processes. Strong field and weak field processes can be connected through models that involve the same matrix elements. We have demonstrated in our study of HHG from SF 6 that the spectrum is sensitive to the interplay between the angular dependence of the ionization step and recombination step. In our study of rescattering spectroscopy, we have shown that with a combination of experiment and theory, we can use this high-field spectroscopy to determine molecular structure in molecules such as C 2 H 4 . We have also developed new computational tools based on overset grids to enable studies on larger molecular systems which use much more robust numerical approaches so that the resulting code can be a tool that non-specialists can use to study related systems.