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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator (FASTSim) Validation Report - 2021

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator (FASTSim) captures the most important factors influencing vehicle power demands and performs large-scale fuel efficiency calculations very quickly. These features make FASTSim well suited to evaluate a representative distribution of real-world fuel efficiency over a large quantity of in-use driving profiles, which have become increasingly available in recent years owing to incorporation of Global Positioning System data collection into various travel surveys and studies. In addition, by being open source, computationally lightweight, freely available, and free from expensive third-party software requirements, analyses conducted using FASTSim may be easily replicated and critiqued in an open forum. This is highly desirable for situations in which technical experts seek to reach consensus over questions about what vehicle development plans or public interest strategies could maximize fuel savings and minimize adverse environmental impacts with an evolving vehicle fleet. While FASTSim continues to be refined and improved on an ongoing basis, this report compiles available runs using versions of the tool from the past few years to provide illustrative comparisons of the model results against measured data.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
NASA NTRS2019

Sub-Kelvin Cooling Systems for Quantum Computers

Future large-scale quantum processors (i.e. 100s of qubits), especially those based on superconducting circuits, will require large cooling powers (~10s of microW) at very low temperatures (<50 mK) with stringent temperature stabilities to avoid quantum decoherence and thus guarantee successful operation of such systems. One attractive option for providing this cooling is through Continuous Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerators (CADR). Scalable state-of-the-art CADRs at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center have successfully shown to lift 6 W of heat at 50 mK with a 1 K temperature stability while rejecting its heat to a cryocooler at 4K. Carefully planned and proper heat sinking of cables, attenuators, and microwave components at various temperature stages (between 4K and base temperature) is critical in the cooling architecture of quantum computers and can be provided through proper staging of each unit within the CADR system. As an alternative method of cooling, dilution refrigerators with the potential to meet cooling requirements of emerging large-scale quantum processors are also discussed.

quantum cooling↗
DOE OSTI2022

High-Power and Flexible Low-Frequency AC Transmission for Renewable Integration

This project develops a steady-state, dynamic, and production cost models of a multi-terminal, high-power, flexible low-frequency ac (LF-HVac) transmission system with grid-forming converters. Through both numerical analysis and EMTP simulation, the project goal is to demonstrate the feasibility of such an innovative and transformative LF-HVac system to support bulk integration of large-scale, cheap, and steady renewable resources from remote locations such as offshore wind farms to meet recent clean energy goals from DOE. The proposed adoption of low-frequency ac transmission aims to improve power transfer capability for remote large-scale renewable integration. In addition, the control for power electronics converters provides grid-support functions to improve the flexibility and resilience the existing 60-Hz HVac system. Future projects on this topic can be supported by both Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DOEEE) and Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability (DOEOE) offices.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development Status of Powered Descent for High-Mass Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing Systems

Retropropulsion, initiated at supersonic conditions, provides both deceleration and control authority as an enabling capability for the delivery of human-scale payloads to the surface of Mars. There are no other presently viable approaches to the descent phase of flight for vehicles of such scales. NASA continues to dedicate investment in the maturation of powered descent in atmospheric environments, for the express application to large-scale entry, descent, and landing systems. Efforts focus on parametric, subscale, inert gas ground testing, rigorous validation of computational modeling approaches against these data, and the implementation of highly efficient, scalable simulation tools. This paper summarizes the current maturity of retropropulsion in a free-flight, atmospheric environment for vehicles with significant aerodynamic surface area, as well as the current status of efforts within NASA for ground testing, computational simulation, and flight testing.

Mars↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development Status of Powered Descent for High-Mass Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing Systems

Retropropulsion, initiated at supersonic conditions, provides both deceleration and control authority as an enabling capability for the delivery of human-scale payloads to the surface of Mars. There are no other presently viable approaches to the descent phase of flight for vehicles of such scales. NASA continues to dedicate investment in the maturation of powered descent in atmospheric environments, for the express application to large-scale entry, descent, and landing systems. Efforts focus on parametric, subscale, inert gas ground testing, rigorous validation of computational modeling approaches against these data, and the implementation of highly efficient, scalable simulation tools. This paper summarizes the current maturity of retropropulsion in a free-flight, atmospheric environment for vehicles with significant aerodynamic surface area, as well as the current status of efforts within NASA for ground testing, computational simulation, and flight testing.

Ashley Korzun↗
NASA NTRS1985

Solar-Power System Produces High-Pressure Steam

Combination of three multistaged solar collectors produces highpressure steam for large-scale continuously operating turbines for generating mechanical or electrical energy. Superheated water vapor drives turbines, attaining an overall system efficiency about 22 percent.

Lansing, F. L.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Multiscale modeling of microwave-heated multiphase systems

Modeling of microwave heating of multiphase systems requires resolving the electromagnetic field from the single particle to the entire cavity. We introduce a multiscale methodology for computationally affordable simulations of microwave heating of multiphase systems consisting of one phase dispersed in a continuum phase. The methodology homogenizes the original multiphase system, by taking advantage of the large separation of length scales, to calculate the effective permittivity, effective thermal conductivity, and volumetric power absorbed in each phase. The methodology is rigorously assessed against particle-resolved detailed numerical simulations of model systems. We demonstrate a significant reduction in computational cost while retaining the accuracy of detailed simulations. Lastly, the present methodology enables high throughput exploration of novel multiphase system designs utilizing microwave heating.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Queued Up: Characteristics of Power Plants Seeking Transmission Interconnection As of the End of 2020

Proposed large-scale electric generation and storage projects must apply for interconnection to the bulk power system via interconnection queues. While many projects that apply for interconnection are not subsequently built, data from these queues nonetheless provide a general indicator for mid-term trends in developer interest. Berkeley Lab compiled and analyzed data from all seven ISOs/RTOs in concert with 35 non-ISO utilities, representing an estimated 85% of all U.S. electricity load. We include all "active" projects in these generation interconnection queues through the end of 2020, as well as data on "completed" and "withdrawn" projects for five of the ISOs (CAISO, ISO-NE, MISO, NYISO, PJM). We find that the total capacity active in the queues is growing year-over-year, with over 750 GW of generation and an estimated 200 GW of storage capacity as of the end of 2020. Solar (462 GW) accounts for a large – and growing – share of generator capacity in the queues. Substantial wind (209 GW) capacity is also in development, 29% of which is for offshore projects (61 GW). In total, about 680 GW of zero-carbon capacity is currently seeking transmission access, as is 74 GW of natural gas capacity. Hybrids now comprise a large – and increasing – share of proposed projects, particularly in CAISO and the non-ISO West. 159 GW of solar hybrids (primarily solar+battery) and 13 GW of wind hybrids are currently active in the queues. However, much of this proposed capacity will not ultimately be built. Among a subset of queues for which data are available, only 24% of the projects seeking connection from 2000 to 2015 have subsequently been built. Completion percentages appear to be declining, and are even lower for wind and solar than other resources. Additionally, wait times are on the rise: in four ISOs, the typical duration from connection request to commercial operation increased from ~1.9 years for projects built in 2000-2009 to ~3.5 years for those built in 2010-2020. There are growing calls for queue reform to reduce cost, lead times, and speculation.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2026

SynthEsizing Novel H2 Sensors for Operational Resilience in Pipeline Infrastructure (SENSOR) (CRADA Final Report)

Hydrogen (H₂) is gaining attention as a versatile energy carrier with potential applications across industrial processes, power generation, and transportation. However, its practical deployment, particularly in large-scale distribution systems, faces significant infrastructure challenges. Transporting hydrogen through dedicated pipelines or blending it into existing natural gas networks can lead to serious issues, such as leakage due to the small size of hydrogen molecules and material degradation in pipelines through embrittlement. These technical risks raise safety concerns and could limit the integration of hydrogen into current energy infrastructures. Additionally, using hydrogen-enriched gas mixtures in combustion systems like turbines and engines introduces new performance and compatibility challenges that must be resolved before widespread use becomes feasible.

08 HYDROGEN↗
NASA NTRS1988

One-megawatt solar pumped and electrically driven lasers for space power transmission

High power lasers in space could provide power for a variety of future space missions such as spacecraft electric power requirements and laser propulsion. This study investigates four electrically pumped laser systems, krypton fluoride, copper vapor, laser diode array, and the carbon dioxide laser, all scaled to 1-MW laser output. Each system obtained its primary power from a large solar photovoltaic array which, in turn, provides power for the appropriate laser power conditioning subsystem. Each system was block-diagrammed, and the power and efficiency were found for each subsystem. The laser diode array had the highest solar-to-laser efficiency (6 percent) and smallest radiator area making it the most advantageous of the electrically driven lasers studied. This system was then compared with an iodine solar pumped laser system previously studied. The diode array had a better wavelength with regard to transmission optics mass, but it also had a heavier radiator because of its lower temperature radiator requirement. A more advanced solar pumped laser could emerge as the preferred laser system for space applications.

Deyoung, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Satellites Would Transmit Power By Laser Beams

Arrays of diode lasers concentrate power into narrow beams. Baseline design of system formulated with regard to two particular missions that differ greatly in power requirements, thus showing scalability and attributes of basic system. Satellite system features large-scale array amplifier of high efficiency, injection-locked amplifiers, coherent combination of beams, and use of advanced lithographic technology to fabricate diode lasers in array. Extremely rapid development of applicable technologies make features realizable within decade.

Williams, M. D.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Analysis and Mitigation of Cascading Outages Using an Interaction Graph Addressing Transient Stability

Cascading outages of power systems pose great threats to system security and reliability, potentially leading to large-scale blackouts. For analysis and mitigation of cascading outages, this paper proposes a transient stability-incorporated interaction graph. This graph statistically quantifies the interactions among line outages and instabilities of generators, which can model propagation paths and patterns of cascading outages. Compared with an interaction graph that only models line outages, this new interaction graph provides important insights on how transient instability occurs along with cascading outages. It also offers more effective strategies for mitigating outage propagation. The proposed interaction graph can be constructed from datasets of historical or simulated cascading events. It is demonstrated on an NPCC 140-bus system with mitigation strategies.

Guo, Zhenping↗
DOE OSTI2024

Architecture for Web-Based Visualization of Large-Scale Energy Domains: Preprint

With the growing penetration of inverter-based distributed energy resources and increased loads through electrification, power systems analyses are becoming more important and more complex. Moreover, these analyses increasingly involve the combination of interconnected energy domains with data that are spatially and temporally increasing in scale by orders of magnitude, surpassing the capabilities of many existing analysis and decision-support systems. We present the architectural design, development, and application of a high-resolution web-based visualization environment capable of cross-domain analysis of tens of millions of energy assets, focusing on scalability and performance. Our system supports the exploration, navigation, and analysis of large data from diverse domains such as electrical transmission and distribution systems, mobility and electric vehicle charging networks, communications networks, cyber assets, and other supporting infrastructure. We evaluate this system across multiple use cases, describing the capabilities and limitations of a web-based approach for high-resolution energy system visualizations.

grid modernization↗
DOE OSTI2022

Queued Up: Characteristics of Power Plants Seeking Transmission Interconnection As of the End of 2021 [Slides]

Proposed large-scale electric generation and storage projects must apply for interconnection to the bulk power system via interconnection queues. While most projects that apply for interconnection are not subsequently built, data from these queues nonetheless provide a general indicator for mid-term trends in developer interest. Berkeley Lab compiled and analyzed data from all seven ISOs/RTOs in concert with 35 non-ISO utilities, representing an estimated 85% of all U.S. electricity load. We include all "active" projects in these generation interconnection queues through the end of 2021, as well as data on "operational" and "withdrawn" projects where those data are available. We find that the amount of new electric capacity in these queues is growing dramatically, with over 1,400 gigawatts (GW) of total generation and storage capacity now seeking connection to the grid (over 90% of which is for zero-carbon resources like solar, wind, and battery storage). Solar (676 GW) and battery storage (~420 GW) are – by far – the fastest growing resources in the queues; combined they accounted for nearly 85% of new capacity entering the queues in 2021. Substantial wind (247 GW) capacity is also seeking interconnection, 31% of which is for offshore projects (77 GW). In total, about 930 GW of zero-carbon generating capacity is currently seeking transmission access, as is 74 GW of natural gas capacity. Hybrids now comprise a large – and increasing – share of proposed projects, particularly in CAISO and the non-ISO West. 286 GW of solar hybrids (primarily solar+battery) and 19 GW of wind hybrids are currently active in the queues; nearly half of battery storage in the queues is paired with generation. However, much of this proposed capacity will be withdrawn from the queues and not built. Among a subset of queues for which data are available, only 23% of the projects seeking connection from 2000 to 2016 have subsequently been built. Completion percentages appear to be declining and are even lower for wind and solar than other resources. Additionally, wait times are on the rise: for the regions with available data, the typical duration from connection request to commercial operation increased from ~2.1 years for projects built in 2000-2010 to ~3.7 years for those built in 2011-2021.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Queued Up: Characteristics of Power Plants Seeking Transmission Interconnection As of the End of 2022 [Slides]

Proposed large-scale electric generation and storage projects must apply for interconnection to the bulk power system via interconnection queues. While most projects that apply for interconnection are not subsequently built, data from these queues nonetheless provide a general indicator for mid-term trends in developer interest. Berkeley Lab compiled and analyzed data from all seven ISOs/RTOs in concert with 35 non-ISO utilities, representing an estimated 85% of all U.S. electricity load. We include all "active" projects in these generation interconnection queues through the end of 2022, as well as data on "operational" and "withdrawn" projects where those data are available. We find that the amount of new electric capacity in these queues is growing dramatically, with over 2,000 gigawatts (GW) of total generation and storage capacity now seeking connection to the grid (over 95% of which is for zero-carbon resources like solar, wind, and battery storage). Solar (947 GW) and battery storage (~680 GW) are – by far – the fastest growing resources in the queues; combined they accounted for over 80% of new capacity entering the queues in 2022. Substantial wind (300 GW) capacity is also seeking interconnection, 38% of which is for offshore projects (113 GW). In total, about 1,250 GW of zero-carbon generating capacity is currently seeking transmission access, as is 82 GW of natural gas capacity. Hybrids projects (co-locating multiple generation and/or storage types) comprise a large – and increasing – share of proposed projects, particularly in CAISO and the non-ISO West. 457 GW of solar hybrids (primarily solar+battery) and 24 GW of wind hybrids are currently active in the queues; over half of battery storage in the queues is paired with generation. However, much of this proposed capacity will be withdrawn from the queues and not built. Among a subset of queues for which data are available, only 21% of the projects (and 14% of capacity) seeking connection from 2000 to 2017 have been built as of the end of 2022. Additionally, interconnection wait times are on the rise: The typical duration from connection request to commercial operation increased from <2 years for projects built in 2000-2007 to nearly 4 years for those built in 2018-2022 (with a median of 5 years for projects built in 2022).

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Learning-Based Real-Time Event Identification Using Rich Real PMU Data

A large-scale deployment of phasor measurement units (PMUs) that reveal the inherent physical laws of power systems from a data perspective enables an enhanced awareness of power system operation. However, the high-granularity and non-stationary nature of PMU data and imperfect data quality could bring great technical challenges for real-time system event identification. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a two-stage learning-based framework. In the first stage, a Markov transition field (MTF) algorithm is exploited to extract the latent data features by encoding temporal dependency and transition statistics of PMU data in graphs. Then, a spatial pyramid pooling (SPP)-aided convolutional neural network (CNN) is established to efficiently and accurately identify power events. The proposed method fully builds on and is also tested on a large real-world dataset from several tens of PMU sources (and the corresponding event logs), located across the U.S., with a time span of two consecutive years. We report the numerical results validate that our method has high identification accuracy while showing good robustness against poor data quality.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗