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At least 235 records · Page 13

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NASA NTRS1977

Characterization of gigahertz (GHz) bandwidth photomultipliers

The average impulse response, root-mean-square times jitter as a function of signal level, single photoelectron distribution, and multiphotoelectron dark-count distribution have been measured for two static crossed-field and five electrostatic photomultipliers. The optical signal source for the first three of these tests was a 30 picosecond mode-locked laser pulse at 0.53 micron. The static crossed-field detectors had 2-photoelectron resolution, less than 200 ps rise times, and rms time jitters of 30 ps at the single photoelectron level. The electrostatic photomultipliers had rise times from 1 to 2.5 nanoseconds, and rms time jitters from 160 to 650 ps at the same signal level. The two static crossed-field photomultipliers had ion-feedback-generated dark pulses to the 50-photoelectron level, whereas one electrostatic photomultiplier had dark pulses to the 30-photoelectron level.

Abshire, J. B.↗

NASA NTRS1978

A wide bandwidth CCD buffer memory system

A prototype system was implemented to demonstrate that CCD's can be applied advantageously to the problem of low power digital storage and particularly to the problem of interfacing widely varying data rates. CCD shift register memories (8K bit) were used to construct a feasibility model 128 K-bit buffer memory system. Serial data that can have rates between 150 kHz and 4.0 MHz can be stored in 4K-bit, randomly-accessible memory blocks. Peak power dissipation during a data transfer is less than 7 W, while idle power is approximately 5.4 W. The system features automatic data input synchronization with the recirculating CCD memory block start address. System expansion to accommodate parallel inputs or a greater number of memory blocks can be performed in a modular fashion. Since the control logic does not increase proportionally to increase in memory capacity, the power requirements per bit of storage can be reduced significantly in a larger system.

Siemens, K.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Efficiency enhancement of octave-bandwidth traveling wave tubes by use of multistage depressed collectors

Small, three- and five-stage depressed collectors were evaluated in conjunction with a 4.8- to 9.6-GHz TWT of 325- to 675-W power output and a beam of 0.5 microperv. The multistage depressed collector (MDC) performed well even though its design had been optimized for a TWT of identical design but considerably less output power. Despite large, fixed losses significant efficiency enhancement was demonstrated with both the three- and five-stage depressed collectors. At saturated rf power output, the improvement in the overall efficiency ranged from a factor of 2.5 to 3.0 for the three-stage collector and a factor of 3.0 to 3.5 for the five-stage collector. At saturation three-stage collector efficiencies of 77 to 80 percent and five-stage collector efficiencies of 81 to 84 percent were obtained across the frequency band. An overall efficiency of 37.0 to 44.3 percent across the frequency band of 4.8 to 9.6 GHz was demonstrated with the use of harmonic injection. For operation below saturation, even larger relative improvements in the overall TWT efficiency were demonstrated. Collector performance was relatively insensitive to the degree of regulation of the collector power supply.

Ramins, P.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Extended-bandwidth X-ray observations of Cygnus X-1

An energy- and time-resolved observation of Cyg X-1, sensitive from 0.15 to 20 keV, is reported which was performed to investigate the spectrum and time variability of the flux at low X-ray energies. Data in the band from 1.5 to 42 keV, obtained in two previous rocket flights, are reanalyzed to search for any energy dependence of the time signature. No such energy dependence is found, so the explanation of the observed low-energy excess of Cyg X-1 as emission from an extended region separate from the high-energy source is rendered untenable. The evident stability of the power-law spectrum of Cyg X-1 through the observed shot-noise variation is shown to suggest that the spectrum has a Comptonization origin. It is concluded that there is no obvious analogy to be made between Cyg X-1 and X-ray bursters.

Priedhorsky, W.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Bandwidth compression of color video signals

The different encoder/decoder strategies to digitally encode video using an adaptive delta modulation are described. The techniques employed are: (1) separately encoding the R, G, and B components; (2) separately encoding the I, Y, and Q components; and (3) encoding the picture in a line sequential manner.

Schilling, D. L.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Narrow channel bandwidth receiver for VLBI

An introduction to the phase four receiver subsystem to be implemented into the DSN for VLBI applications is presented. The key design areas are discussed along with the design approach. Preliminary evaluation data indicate a feasible, straightforward design may be obtained.

Sosa, E. N.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Analytical and flight investigation of the influence of rotor and other high-order dynamics on helicopter flight-control system bandwidth

The increasing use of highly augmented digital flight-control systems in modern military helicopters prompted an examination of the influence of rotor dynamics and other high-order dynamics on control-system performance. A study was conducted at NASA Ames Research Center to correlate theoretical predictions of feedback gain limits in the roll axis with experimental test data obtained from a variable-stability research helicopter. Feedback gains, the break frequency of the presampling sensor filter, and the computational frame time of the flight computer were systematically varied. The results, which showed excellent theoretical and experimental correlation, indicate that the rotor-dynamics, sensor-filter, and digital-data processing delays can severely limit the usable values of the roll-rate and roll-attitude feedback gains.

Chen, R. T. N.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Reduced-Bandwidth Coding for Mobile Communication

Fade-resistant mobile systems use power and spectrum efficiently. Transmission system employs tone-calibrated technique (TCT). Residual carrier used in technique to reduce fading-induced effects and coherently demodulate received signal. TCT potentially efficient in use of power and of frequency spectrum. Coding technique, intended for residual-carrier transmission system, alleviates fading and spectrum crowding that hamper mobile communications.

Davarian, F.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Influence of high-order dynamics on helicopter flight-control system bandwidth

The increasing use of highly augmented digital flight-control systems in modern military helicopters prompted an examination of the influence of the influence of rotor dynamics and other high-order dynamics on control-system performance. A study was conducted at NASA Ames Research Center to correlate theoretical predictions of feedback gain limits in the roll axis with experimental test data obtained from a variable-stability research helicopter. Feedback gains, the break frequency of the presampling sensor filter, and the computational frame time of the flight computer were systematically varied. The results, which showed excellent theoretical and experimental correlation, indicate that the rotor-dynamics, sensor-filter, and digital-data processing delays can severely limit the usable values of the roll-rate and roll-attitude feedback gains.

Chen, R. T. N.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Adaptive Bandwidth Compression For Moving Images

Data compressed in images with fast motion and expanded when motion slows. Proposed data-compression scheme adapts transmission rate for moving image to speed of motion of image. Laser rangefinder measures speed of target. Adaptive sampler determines required resolution of target image on basis of measured speed and provides decommutator at control station with more or fewer partial image fields per unit time. When monitor displays maximum number of fields simultaneously, resolution is highest.

Graham, Olin L.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Radiation and scattering from loaded microstrip antennas over a wide bandwidth

The integral equation and moment method solution is developed for two different antennas in the presence of an infinite grounded dielectric substrate. The first antenna is a rectangular microstrip patch antenna. This antenna is analyzed for excitation by an incident plane wave in free space and a vertical filament of uniform current in the dielectric. This antenna can be loaded by a lumped impedance in a vertical filament of uniform current extending from the patch through the dielectric to the ground plane. The radar cross section of the microstrip antenna is found from the plane wave excitation and shows good agreement to measurement for both an unloaded and loaded antenna. The input impedance is found from the current filament excitation. This is compared to the measured input impedance of a coaxially fed microstrip antenna and shows good agreement for both unloaded and loaded antennas when the dielectric substrate is much less than a wavelength. The second antenna is a vertical thin wire extending from the ground plane into or through the dielectric substrate. The mutual impedance between two imbedded monopoles is compared to a previous calculation.

Forrai, D. P.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Multi-level bandwidth efficient block modulation codes

The multilevel technique is investigated for combining block coding and modulation. There are four parts. In the first part, a formulation is presented for signal sets on which modulation codes are to be constructed. Distance measures on a signal set are defined and their properties are developed. In the second part, a general formulation is presented for multilevel modulation codes in terms of component codes with appropriate Euclidean distances. The distance properties, Euclidean weight distribution and linear structure of multilevel modulation codes are investigated. In the third part, several specific methods for constructing multilevel block modulation codes with interdependency among component codes are proposed. Given a multilevel block modulation code C with no interdependency among the binary component codes, the proposed methods give a multilevel block modulation code C which has the same rate as C, a minimum squared Euclidean distance not less than that of code C, a trellis diagram with the same number of states as that of C and a smaller number of nearest neighbor codewords than that of C. In the last part, error performance of block modulation codes is analyzed for an AWGN channel based on soft-decision maximum likelihood decoding. Error probabilities of some specific codes are evaluated based on their Euclidean weight distributions and simulation results.

Lin, Shu↗

NASA NTRS1989

High rate concatenated coding systems using multidimensional bandwidth-efficient trellis inner codes

A concatenated coding system using two-dimensional trellis-coded MPSK inner codes and Reed-Solomon outer codes for application in high-speed satellite communication systems was proposed previously by the authors (1989). The authors extend their results to systems using symbol-oriented, multidimensional, trellis-coded MPSK inner codes. The concatenated coding systems are divided into two classes according to their achievable effective information rates. The first class uses multidimensional trellis-coded 8-PSK inner codes and achieves effective information rates around 1 b/dimension (spectral efficiency 2 b/s/Hz). The second class employs multidimensional trellis-coded 16-PSK inner codes and provides effective information rates around 1.5 b/dimension (spectral efficiency 3 b/s/Hz). Both classes provide significant coding gains over an uncoded reference system with the same effective information rate as the coded system. The results show that the symbol-oriented nature of multidimensional inner codes can provide an improvement of up to 1 dB in the overall performance of a concatenated coding system when these codes replace bit-oriented two-dimensional codes.

Deng, Robert H.↗

NASA NTRS1989

Bandwidth efficient coding for fading channels - Code construction and performance analysis

The authors apply a general method of bounding the event error probability of trellis-coded modulation schemes to fading channels and use the effective length and the minimum-squared-product distance to replace the minimum-free-squared-Euclidean distance as code design parameters for Rayleigh and Rician fading channels with a substantial multipath component. They present 8-PSK trellis codes specifically constructed for fading channels that outperform equivalent codes designed for the additive white Gaussian noise channel when v is greater than or equal to 5. For quasiregular trellis codes there exists an efficient algorithm for evaluating event error probability, and numerical results on Pe which demonstrate the importance of the effective length as a code design parameter for fading channels with or without side information have been obtained. This is consistent with the case for binary signaling, where the Hamming distance remains the best code design parameter for fading channels. The authors show that the use of Reed-Solomon block codes with expanded signal sets becomes interesting only for large values of E(s)/N(0), where they begin to outperform trellis codes.

Schlegel, Christian↗

NASA NTRS1990

Demonstration of a low bandwidth 1.06-micron optical phase-locked loop for coherent homodyne communication

A type II 1.06-micron optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) for use in a coherent homodyne receiver is discussed. Diode-laser-pumped solid-state lasers are used for both the local oscillator and transmitter, because their phase noise is significantly lower than that of diode lasers. Closed-loop RMS phase noise of less than 12 mrad (0.69 deg) is achieved, and modulation-demodulation in bulk modulators at rates from 20 kHz to 20 MHz with less than 19 deg of modulation depth is demonstrated.

Day, T.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Designing low bandwidth propulsive-only flight controllers

Results from an investigation of using engine commands to control flight attitude are described. In-flight operation with simulated failed flight controls is reviewed and ground simulations of piloted propulsive-only control to touchdown are analyzed. A design of an optimal control law to assist the pilot is presented. Recommendations are made for more robust design and implementation. Results to date indicate that simple and effective augmented control can be achieved in a wide variety of failed configurations.

Biezad, Daniel J.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Reduced electrical bandwidth receivers for direct detection 4-ary PPM optical communication intersatellite links

This interim progress report consists of copies of three reports written for NASA's Flight System Development and Demonstration (FSDD) project on optical intersatellite links. The first report, 'Test results of the PlessCor avalanche photodiode (APD) preamplifier for use in the 50 Mbps quaternary pulse position modulator (QPPM) receiver,' was prepared for NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The second, 'Performance of Q-ary PPM receiver under additive white Gaussian noise,' was prepared at the request of NASA Lewis Research Center for testing the electronic systems for the FSDD project. The third, 'Use of a Bessel lowpass filter as an approximate raised cosine filter,' was written for raised cosine filter implementation in the FSDD QPPM receiver.

Davidson, Frederic M.↗

NASA NTRS1992

The investigation of bandwidth efficient coding and modulation techniques

The New Mexico State University Center for Space Telemetering and Telecommunications systems has been, and is currently, engaged in the investigation of trellis-coded modulation (TCM) communication systems. In particular, TCM utilizing M-ary phase shift keying is being studied. The study of carrier synchronization in a TCM environment, or in MPSK systems in general, has been one of the two main thrusts of this grant. This study has involved both theoretical modelling and software simulation of the carrier synchronization problem.

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