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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Radiological Monitoring Plan for the Oak Ridge Y-12 National Security Complex: Surface Water

DOE Order 458.1 requires that dose estimates consider contributions from all facilities. In the Y-12 Radiological Monitoring Plan (RMP), surface water is monitored at points that reflect individual facilities, as well as at points that reflect the combined contributions of all facilities. This monitoring plan does not consider other potential routes (i.e., airborne releases and food chains). Thus, a complete determination of total effective dose (TED) cannot be made based on this plan alone. The other routes from Y-12, and all routes from other DOE facilities on the Oak Ridge Reservation (e.g., Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and The Heritage Center), must be considered in order to satisfy DOE Order 458.1 requirements. Determination of TED from all sites and pathways is done through the use of dose-assessment models and is documented in the Annual Site Environmental Report. This monitoring plan provides adequate monitoring goals for Y-12 surface water releases to provide input of sufficient sensitivity and accuracy to reliably determine the Y-12 surface water component of the TED. The routine radiological monitoring program is designed to monitor effluents at four types of locations: (1) treatment facilities, (2) other point and area source discharges, (3) instream locations, and (4) production building roof run-off. With this sampling and analysis program, data will be obtained on primary point sources as well as on locations that represent the composite of other potential sources. This plan will be reviewed periodically to determine necessary modifications to the sampling frequencies, parameters, and locations. Modifications, if any, will be based on the analysis of the previous data and its effectiveness in satisfying the objectives of this plan. Appendix A contains graphs of the sum of the DCS fractions for locations and frequencies contained in a previous version of this plan. The data was collected from January 2009 through December 2019. Each sample was analyzed, and each result was divided by the appropriate DCS to compute a DCS fraction. These fractions were summed for all isotopes. According to DOE –STD-1196-2011, the annual average of these sums should be below 1.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Annual Stormwater Report for the Y-12 National Security Complex Oak Ridge, Tennessee

This is the eighth annual stormwater report prepared in accordance with the modified National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit issued to the Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12) on April 1, 2014. This modified permit removed the authorization to augment flow in East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) and thus removed the requirement to sample this effluent in conjunction with other major outfalls on EFPC. The general condition of the site continues to improve. The repair of Outfall 014 is complete and sampling was performed in 2020 from the new Outfall 014 structure. This repair marks a significant improvement in the storm drain network infrastructure. There are several construction and demolition activities currently in progress at Y-12. These include the construction of the Uranium Processing Facility, the Mercury Treatment Facility on EFPC, the site-wide power grid upgrade, and the demolition of the Biology Complex. Current stormwater protections have proven effective in 2020; however, moving forward, these projects will present challenges for the protection of stormwater. Therefore, oversight of these activities, and all other construction and demolition projects, will continue to be a priority in 2021. Y-12 will continue to implement appropriate best management practices and reduce outside material storage areas where possible.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Section 106 Recordation, Interpretation, and Documentation for the Demolition of Buildings 9201-5 and 9204-4, Y-12 National Security Complex, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

In 2019 and 2020, Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc. (CRA), began preparing recordation packages for 18 World War II and Cold War Era buildings slated for demolition at the request of Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC (CNS), on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). The recordations for these 18 buildings, which are located within what is now known as the Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, were prepared and submitted in two separate packages. The first report (EC-NP-004) was prepared as a mitigation measure to address adverse effects that will result from the proposed demolition of 16 support and ancillary buildings. The current report is the second of the two packages and addresses the last two of the 18 buildings slated for demolition (9201-5 and 9204-4), which are two of the large process buildings located at Y-12. All 18 of these buildings have previously been determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The two buildings, Building 9201-5 and Building 9204-4, are located south of Bear Creek Road and west of the main Y-12 entrance gate. Both buildings were constructed as uranium enrichment facilities in support of the Manhattan Project, a top-secret World War II mission to develop the world’s first nuclear weapons. Building 9201-5, completed in October 1944, is the Alpha-5 process facility and Building 9204-4, completed in Fall 1945, is the Beta-4 process facility. Over the years, these facilities were repurposed for a number of different functions.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Annual Stormwater Report for the Y-12 National Security Complex Oak Ridge, Tennessee

This is the ninth annual stormwater report prepared in accordance with the modified National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit issued to the Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12) on April 1, 2014. This modified permit removed the authorization to augment flow in East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) and thus removed the requirement to sample this effluent in conjunction with other major outfalls on EFPC. There are several construction and demolition activities currently in progress at Y-12. These include the construction of the Uranium Processing Facility (UPF), the Mercury Treatment Facility (MTF) on EFPC, the site-wide power grid upgrade, construction of an Emergency Operations Center, construction of a new Fire Station, Security Improvement Revitalization Program (SIRP), West End Protection Area Reduction (WEPAR) Project, and the demolition of the Biology Complex. Current stormwater protections have proven effective in 2021. However, moving forward, challenges to protect stormwater will continue from these projects. Therefore, oversight of these activities, and all other construction and demolition projects, will continue to be a priority in 2022. Y-12 will continue to implement appropriate Best Management Practices and reduce outside material storage areas where possible.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

Nuclear Material Process Modeling at the Y-12 National Security Complex

Dynamic simulation modeling is used at Y-12 to evaluate and forecast nuclear material inventories and production capacities to ensure that future supply can meet mission demand. Model outputs are analyzed by numerous Y-12 organizations and programs and coordinated with NNSA’s Office of Secondary Stage Production Modernization. Data-driven decisions for both short-term and long-term strategic planning for Y-12 mission execution are informed by the model. Dynamic simulation modeling capabilities for Y-12 nuclear material production continue to be expanded and refined.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Final Design for Thermal/Epithermal eXperiments (TEX) with Chloride Absorbers to Provide Validation Benchmarks for Y-12 Electrorefining Facility

Uranium electrorefining operations at Y-12 require validation for chlorine absorption and reflection. Plutonium chloride solution operations at Los Alamos National Laboratory require chlorine absorption validation. The growing need for chlorine validation is evident to the wider criticality safety community, with multiple attendees at the recent TEX 2.0 meeting at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (May 2023) requesting validation for chlorine (Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Institute de radioprotection et de surete nucleaire (IRSN), Savannah River Nuclear Site (SRNS), LANL, and Y-12). Los Alamos National Laboratory has recently performed, and benchmarked, an experiment titled Chlorine Worth Study (CWS) for the internal operations at the lab, but due to the difficulties in precisely characterizing the material compositions of the chlorine absorbers it is advantageous to perform a complimentary study with a different chlorine-based absorber material. Furthermore, having a uranium-based vs plutonium-based experiment provides a separate and important validation basis for criticality safety and nuclear data evaluation. The original final design report for the study of chlorine absorption using the TEX-HEU experimental base was presented in 2022, but used the same chlorine-bearing materials that were found to be difficult to characterize in the LANL benchmark. A complete redesign of the experiment has been performed looking at alternative absorber materials in various forms to produce an experiment that is fully characterizable. This report presents five novel chlorine experiments using the TEX-HEU test bed which provides direct comparison to the Y-12 and INL/Terrapower application needs, utilizing sodium chloride (NaCl) absorber plates. The absorber plates will consist of granulated NaCl (≥99.5% pure), which will be fully encapsulated in aluminum tins, providing a simple but effective chlorine-based absorber material that can be completely characterized. Of the five configurations presented in this report, it is expected that two or three configurations will be down selected for the actual experiment, with the other configurations being alternates. Three of the configurations are in the standard configuration, where the absorber is placed directly on the HEU fuel plates, and two in the sandwich configuration, where the absorber is surrounded by polyethylene moderators to force additional neutron thermalization prior to reaching the absorber. There are two thicknesses of NaCl absorber plates: 3/16” and 1/4” active thicknesses (i.e. not including the encapsulation). Both variations of the absorbers have an active absorber radius of 6” and a total radius of 7.5” to match the diameter of the HEU plates, with the outer 1.5” being aluminum encapsulation. The high-density polyethylene (HDPE) moderators are of the thicknesses: 27/16”, 7/4”, 1/8”, 11/16”, and 3/4”. The final configurations have six (one sandwich and one standard configuration), eight (one sandwich and one standard configuration), and 18 total fuel layers (standard configuration). The standard and sandwich configurations were designed such that the differences in moderator thicknesses are 1” HDPE, which were already procured for the original CED-2. The proposed configurations were precisely tuned to closely match the sensitivity profiles and neutron spectra of the Y-12 upset cases and were also compared to the INL/Terrapower upset cases. The assessment of experimental uncertainties of the non-absorber components was predicted to be 0.00114 Δk eff . The assessment of uncertainties resulting from the absorbers was predicted to be 0.00029 Δk eff . This results in a total uncertainty of 0.00118 Δk eff . Many of the largest uncertainties, namely the moderator densities, may be reduced with precision dimensional inspection of the components. The 1” HDPE moderators as well as the HDPE reflectors from the original CED-2 were incorporated in the final designs presented here. Additional HDPE moderator plates must be fabricated to complete the configurations. NaCl absorber plates will by fabricated at LLNL. The total additional cost is expected to be $\$$54,250 for the remaining components. Precise inspection, including dimensional, mass, density, and impurity, is recommended for all components. LLNL estimates that these costs are around $\$$12,000. It is expected, based on previous TEX-HEU experiments, that three weeks of experimental facility time is needed to complete the experiments.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

El Estudio de Resiliencia de la Red Electrica de Puerto Rico y Transiciones a Energia 100% Renovable (PR100): Informe Final [Puerto Rico Grid Resilience and Transitions to 100% Renewable Energy Study (PR100): Final Report]

El Estudio de Resiliencia de la Red de Puerto Rico y Transiciones a Energia 100% Renovable (PR100) es un analisis integral basado en amplios aportes de las partes interesadas sobre posibles caminos para que Puerto Rico alcance su meta de 100% de energía renovable para 2050. PR100 fue un esfuerzo integrado que se baso en experiencia y capacidades de los laboratorios nacionales contribuyentes que exploraron posibles caminos para que Puerto Rico logre su objetivo de 100% de energía renovable en el largo plazo (para 2050), aumente la confiabilidad y la resiliencia en el plazo inmediato (dentro de los proximos anos), y trabajar hacia la justicia energetica. El proposito del estudio es brindar apoyo a las decisiones e informar las decisiones de inversion para los implementadores de la transicion energetica de Puerto Rico. See NREL/TP-6A20-88384 for the English translation of this report.

100% renewable energy target↗
DOE OSTI2024

Theoretical Prediction of Thermal Expansion Anisotropy for Y 2 Si 2 O 7 Environmental Barrier Coatings Using a Deep Neural Network Potential and Comparison to Experiment

Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are an enabling technology for silicon carbide (SiC)-based ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in extreme environments such as gas turbine engines. However, the development of new coating systems is hindered by the large design space and difficulty in predicting the properties for these materials. Density Functional Theory (DFT) has successfully been used to model and predict some thermodynamic and thermo-mechanical properties of high-temperature ceramics for EBCs, although these calculations are challenging due to their high computational costs. In this work, we use machine learning to train a deep neural network potential (DNP) for Y 2 Si 2 O 7 , which is then applied to calculate the thermodynamic and thermo-mechanical properties at near-DFT accuracy much faster and using less computational resources than DFT. We use this DNP to predict the phonon-based thermodynamic properties of Y 2 Si 2 O 7 with good agreement to DFT and experiments. We also utilize the DNP to calculate the anisotropic, lattice direction-dependent coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) for Y 2 Si 2 O 7 . Molecular dynamics trajectories using the DNP correctly demonstrate the accurate prediction of the anisotropy of the CTE in good agreement with the diffraction experiments. In the future, this DNP could be applied to accelerate additional property calculations for Y 2 Si 2 O 7 compared to DFT or experiments.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

CAAS-3S Radiation Testing for Y-12 and UPF with Godiva-IV

The Y-12 National Security Complex and the Uranium Processing Facility (UPF) selected the Mirion CAAS-3S as the Criticality Accident Alarm System for UPF and for Y-12 facilities replacing their legacy CAAS as part of efforts to extend the facility lifespans. As part of this process, the CAAS-3S system was exposed to a high radiation dose and dose rate during reactor testing with the Godiva-IV fast burst reactor. The reactor testing was designed around preliminary analyses that determined Y-12 and UPF requirements, and simulations of the radiation field within the reactor facility were used to determine reactor operating parameters, CAAS equipment locations, and the design of a neutron shield wall. This paper presents the design and results of the testing, and discusses how the test results were interpreted by criticality safety engineers at Y-12 and UPF.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(AlSi)2 by Materials Project

YAl2Si2 crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded to six equivalent Si atoms to form distorted YSi6 octahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent AlSi4 tetrahedra, edges with six equivalent YSi6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent AlSi4 tetrahedra. All Y–Si bond lengths are 2.97 Å. Al is bonded to four equivalent Si atoms to form distorted AlSi4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent YSi6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent AlSi4 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent YSi6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent AlSi4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–55°. There are three shorter (2.51 Å) and one longer (2.53 Å) Al–Si bond lengths. Si is bonded to three equivalent Y and four equivalent Al atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SiY3Al4 pentagonal bipyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(AlGe)2 by Materials Project

Al2Ge2Y crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded to six equivalent Ge atoms to form distorted YGe6 octahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent AlGe4 tetrahedra, edges with six equivalent YGe6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent AlGe4 tetrahedra. All Y–Ge bond lengths are 3.01 Å. Al is bonded to four equivalent Ge atoms to form distorted AlGe4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent YGe6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent AlGe4 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent YGe6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent AlGe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 20–55°. There are three shorter (2.56 Å) and one longer (2.57 Å) Al–Ge bond lengths. Ge is bonded to three equivalent Y and four equivalent Al atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing GeY3Al4 pentagonal bipyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(MnGe)2 by Materials Project

YMn2Ge2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Ge atoms. All Y–Ge bond lengths are 3.08 Å. Mn is bonded to four equivalent Ge atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing MnGe4 tetrahedra. All Mn–Ge bond lengths are 2.44 Å. Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y, four equivalent Mn, and one Ge atom. The Ge–Ge bond length is 2.61 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(PO3)3 by Materials Project

Y(PO3)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Y3+ sites. In the first Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form YO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.31 Å. In the second Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form YO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.29 Å. There are four inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent YO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 11–39°. There is two shorter (1.50 Å) and two longer (1.62 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent YO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 11–38°. There is two shorter (1.50 Å) and two longer (1.61 Å) P–O bond length. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two YO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 25–29°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two YO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–38°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. There are eleven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(IO3)3 by Materials Project

Y(O3I)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Y(O3I)3 sheet oriented in the (-1, 0, 2) direction. Y3+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.86 Å. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.82 Å. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. There are three inequivalent I5+ sites. In the first I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. In the second I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. In the third I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(HO)3 by Materials Project

Y(OH)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Y3+ sites. In the first Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.64 Å. In the second Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.62 Å. There are six inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Y3+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Y3+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Y3+ and one H1+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Y3+ and one H1+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Y3+ and one H1+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Y3+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(PO3)3 by Materials Project

Y(PO3)3 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Y3+ sites. In the first Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.87 Å. In the second Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.81 Å. There are six inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.73 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.65 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.63 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.61 Å. In the fifth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.51 Å) and one longer (1.67 Å) P–O bond length. In the sixth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.63 Å. There are eighteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Y3+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and two P5+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Y3+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Y3+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(BiO2)3 by Materials Project

Y(BiO2)3 is Ilmenite-like structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Y3+ sites. In the first Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six equivalent O2- atoms. All Y–O bond lengths are 2.29 Å. In the second Y3+ site, Y3+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six equivalent O2- atoms. All Y–O bond lengths are 2.29 Å. Bi3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Bi–O bond distances ranging from 2.23–2.63 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Y3+ and three equivalent Bi3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OYBi3 trigonal pyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Y3+ and three equivalent Bi3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OYBi3 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y(NO3)3 by Materials Project

Y(NO3)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Y(NO3)3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Y3+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O2- atoms. There are a spread of Y–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.76 Å. There are three inequivalent N5+ sites. In the first N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.25–1.28 Å. In the second N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.26 Å) and two longer (1.27 Å) N–O bond length. In the third N5+ site, N5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.24–1.31 Å. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Y3+ and one N5+ atom.

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