Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “PIONS”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Simulation of dependence of the cross section of deuterons beam fragmentation into cumulative pions and protons on the mass of the target nucleus

We have studied the mechanisms influencing production of cumulative pions and protons in the fragmentation of the incident deuterons into cumulative pions and protons emitted at zero angle. We argue that the peripheral dependence on the atomic mass of the target nucleus, which was obtained in the experiments for medium and heavy nuclei, can be explained by scattering on target nucleons without introducing additional parameters.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Quark degrees of freedom in the production of soft pion jets

Experimental results obtained by studying the properties of soft jets in the 4-velocity space at √s ∼ 2 to 20 GeV are presented. The changes in the mean distance from the jet axis to the jet particles, the mean kinetic energy of these particles, and the cluster dimension in response to the growth of the collision energy are consistent with the assumption that quark degrees of freedom manifest themselves in processes of pion-jet production at intermediate energies. The energy at which quark degrees of freedom begin to manifest themselves experimentally in the production of soft pion jets is estimated for the first time. The estimated value of this energy is 2.8 ± 0.6 GeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Yields of hydrogen isotopes in stopped-pion absorption by light nuclei

The spectra of p, d, and t charged particles produced in stopped-pion absorption by nuclei are analyzed. Respective measurements were performed for 17 nuclei by means of a semiconductor spectrometer. A phenomenological model developed previously for medium-heavy and heavy nuclei was applied to describing the spectra and yields of charged particles originating from light nuclei ({sup 6,7}Li, {sup 9}Be, {sup 10,11}B, and {sup 12}C). The contribution of intranuclear clusters (such as pp and {sup 3,4}He) to pion absorption was estimated.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Form factor of the longitudinal component of weak vector current in pion beta decay

The form factor f{sub -} of the longitudinal component of the weak vector current in pion β-decay is derived using the generalized Ward identity. The form factor is expressed through the pion mass difference and mean-square radii in the channels with angular momenta J = 1, 0 and isospins T = 1, 2.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Exclusive Single Pion off the Proton: Results from CLAS

Exclusive meson electroproduction off protons is a powerful tool to probe the effective degrees of freedom in excited nucleon states at the varying distance scale where the transition from the contributions of both quark core and meson-baryon cloud to the quark core dominance. During the past decade, the CLAS collaboration has executed a broad experimental program to study the excited states of the proton using polarized electron beam and both polarized and unpolarized proton targets. The measurements covered a broad kinematic range in the invariant mass $W$ and photon virtuality $Q^2$ with nearly full coverage in polar and azimuthal angles in the hadronic CM system. As results, several low-lying nucleon resonance states in particular from pion threshold to $W < 1.6$ GeV have been explored. These include $\Delta$(1232)$\frac{3}{2}^+$, $N(1440)\frac{1}{2}^+$, $N(1520)\frac{3}{2}^-$, and $N(1535)\frac{1}{2}^-$ states. In addition, we recently published the differential cross sections and helicity amplitudes of the reaction $\gamma^*p\to n\pi^+$ at higher $W$ (1.6 to 2.0 GeV) which are the $N(1675)\frac{5}{2}^-$, $N(1680)\frac{5}{2}^+$, and $N(1710)\frac{1}{2}^+$ states. These excited states with isospin $1/2$ and with masses near 1.7 GeV can be accessed in single $n\pi^+$ production as there are no isospin $3/2$ states present in this mass range with the same spin-parity assignments. As a result, I will briefly discuss these states from CLAS results of the single charged pion electroproduction data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1966

Pion production in high-energy cosmic-ray collisions.

High energy cosmic ray collisional pion production spectrum and pion energy and angle distributions in CMS and laboratory frames from Landau- Milekhin hydrodynamic model of very high energy nucleon

NUCLEON-NUCLEON SCATTERING↗
NASA NTRS1965

Pion studies with silicon detectors.

Most probable energy loss in silicon for pions with energies from 365 to 50 mev, examining pion beam behavior through different absorption material thicknesses

MUON↗
DOE OSTI2024

The three-pion K -matrix at NLO in ChPT

The three-particle K-matrix, Κ df,3 , is a scheme-dependent quantity that parametrizes short-range three-particle interactions in the relativistic-field-theory three-particle finite-volume formalism. In this work, we compute its value for systems of three pions in all isospin channels through next-to-leading order in Chiral Perturbation Theory, generalizing previous work done at maximum isospin. We obtain analytic expressions through quadratic order (or cubic order, in the case of zero isospin) in the expansion about the three-pion threshold.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Implementing the finite-volume three-pion scattering formalism across all non-maximal isospins

We present a numerical exploration of the relativistic-field-theory (RFT) formalism for three pions with all possible values of non-maximal isospin, I πππ = 2, 1 and 0. Using the generic-isospin extension of the RFT formalism [1] and applying our open-source Python library to implement the framework, we predict a range of three-pion energies for illustrative values of the two-to-two scattering amplitudes for various finite-volume irreps also with non-zero total momentum P in the finite-volume frame. The results restrict attention to the case of a vanishing intrinsic three-body interaction so that the spectra can be understood as a baseline. In future lattice QCD calculations, deviations from these values will be translated into evidence for intrinsic three-body effects in the various scattering channels.

hadronic spectroscopy↗
DOE OSTI2023

Heavy Neutral Leptons from Stopped Muons and Pions

Stopped muons, which are generic in pion-at-rest experiments, can shed light on heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) in unexplored parameter spaces. If the HNL is lighter than the muon, the HNL can be produced from decays of muons and pions. The HNL will travel from the production location and decay into visible Standard Model (SM) modes, leaving signals inside downstream detectors. We find that in the case that the HNL dominantly mixes with muon neutrinos, the LSND constraint on the mixing angle squared is stronger than all the previous constraints by more than an order of magnitude. In this study, we recast the LSND measurement of the ν – e scattering. Future experiments such as PIP2-BD could further improve the sensitivity, provided they can distinguish the HNL events from backgrounds induced by the SM neutrinos.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Study of the Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign pions in proton-lead collisions

Correlations of same-sign charged pions are analysed using proton-lead collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.06 nb -1 . Bose-Einstein correlations are observed in the form of an enhancement of pair production for same-sign charged pions with a small four-momentum difference. The dependence of the correlation radius and the intercept parameter on the reconstructed charged-particle multiplicity is investigated. The measured correlation radii scale linearly with the cube root of the reconstructed charged-particle multiplicity, being compatible with predictions of hydrodynamic models on the collision system evolution.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Quark mass functions and pion structure in Minkowski space

We present a study of the dressed quark mass function and the pion structure in Minkowski space using the Covariant Spectator Theory (CST). The quark propagators are dressed with the same kernel that describes the interaction between different quarks. We use an interaction kernel in momentum space that is a relativistic generalization of the linear confining q-qbar potential and a constant potential shift that defines the energy scale. The confining interaction has a Lorentz scalar part that is not chirally invariant by itself but decouples from the equations in the chiral limit and therefore allows the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) mechanism to work. We adjust the parameters of our quark mass function calculated in Minkowski-space to agree with LQCD data obtained in Euclidean space. Results of a calculation of the pion electromagnetic form factor in the relativistic impulse approximation using the same mass function are presented and compared with experimental data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Atmospheric pion, kaon, and muon fluxes for sub-orbital experiments

Cosmic rays interacting with the Earth's atmosphere generate extensive air showers, which produce Cherenkov, fluorescence and radio emissions. These emissions are key signatures for detection by ground-based, sub-orbital, and satellite-based telescopes aiming to study high energy cosmic ray and neutrino events. However, detectors operating at ground and balloon altitudes are also exposed to a background of atmospheric charged particles, primarily pions, kaons, and muons, that can mimic or obscure the signals from astrophysical sources. In this work, we use coupled cascade equations to calculate the atmospheric pion, kaon and muon fluxes reaching detectors at various altitudes. Our analysis focuses on energies above 10 GeV, where the influence of the Earth's magnetic field on particle trajectories is minimal. We provide angular and energy-resolved flux estimates and discuss their relevance as background for extensive air shower detection. Furthermore, our results are potentially relevant for interpreting data from current and future balloon-borne experiments such as EUSO-SPB2 and for refining trigger and veto strategies in Cherenkov and fluorescence telescopes.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Azimuthally differential pion femtoscopy relative to the second and third harmonic in Pb–Pb 2.76 TeV collision from ALICE

Azimuthally differential femtoscopic measurements, being sensitive to spatio-temporal characteristics of the source as well as to the collective velocity fields at freeze-out, provide very important information on the nature and dynamics of the system evolution. While the HBT radii modulations relative to the second harmonic event plane reflect mostly the spatial geometry of the source, the third harmonic results are mostly defined by the velocity fields. Radii variations with respect to the third harmonic event plane unambiguously signal a collective expansion and anisotropy in the flow fields. Event shape engineering (ESE) is a technique proposed to select events corresponding to a particular shape. Azimuthally differential HBT combined with ESE allows for a detailed analysis of the relation between initial geometry, anisotropic flow and the deformation of source shape. We present azimuthally differential pion femtoscopy with respect to second and third harmonic event planes as a function of the pion transverse momentum for different collision centralities in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV. All these results are compared to existing models. Thus, the effects of the selection of the events with high elliptic or triangular flow are also presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Probing the scalar WIMP-pion coupling with the first LUX-ZEPLIN data

Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) may interact with a virtual pion that is exchanged between nucleons. This interaction channel is important to consider in models where the spin-independent isoscalar channel is suppressed. Using data from the first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment, containing 60 live days of data in a 5.5 tonne fiducial mass of liquid xenon, we report the results on a search for WIMP-pion interactions. We observe no significant excess and set an upper limit of 1.5 × 10$^{−46}$ cm$^{2}$ at a 90% confidence level for a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c$^{2}$ for this interaction.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Low-energy pion-nucleon scattering and the Δ resonance in lattice QCD

We report on our investigation of low-energy pion-nucleon scattering from lattice QCD with Wilson type fermions. Our focus is on the isospin I = 3/2 channel, which couples to the Delta resonance. We discuss our calculations aiming at the extraction of the Delta resonance mass, width and effective coupling at pion mass 250 MeV, using the Lüscher finite-volume method to extract the phase shift δ J=3/2,l=1 .

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

The first pion-Ar cross-section measurement with the LArIAT experiment

A complete understanding of neutrinos properties requires a study and a characterization of the interactions of the daughter particles created in a neutrino-nucleus interaction. The Liquid Argon In A Testbeam (LArIAT) experiment is a small-scale liquid argon detector situated in the Fermilab Test Beam Facility. The LArIAT experiment is exposed to a tertiary beam comprised of mostly pions along with a mix of muons, protons, kaons, and electrons. LArIAT's goal is to characterize the response of the LArTPC to known incoming charged particles and measure their interactions in Argon, in order to understand their cross-sections and to help developing and tuning simulations and reconstruction algorithms for LArTPC neutrino experiments. The world's rst measurement of a pion cross-section on an Argon target, made with the LArIAT detector, is presented here.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗