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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1986

Low-speed performance of an axisymmetric, mixed-compression, supersonic inlet with auxiliary inlets

A test program was conducted to determine the aerodynamic performance and acoustic characteristics associated with the low-speed operation of a supersonic, axisymmetric, mixed-compression inlet with auxiliary inlets. Blow-in-auxiliary doors were installed on the NASA Ames P inlet. One door per quadrant was located on the cowl in the subsonic diffuser selection of the inlet. Auxiliary inlets with areas of 20 and 40 percent of the inlet capture area were tested statically and at free-stream Mach numbers of 0.1 and 0.2. The effects of boundary layer bleed inflow were investigated. A JT8D fan simulator driven by compressed air was used to pump inlet flow and to provide a characteristic noise signature. Baseline data were obtained at static free-stream conditions with the sharp P-inlet cowl lip replaced by a blunt lip. Auxiliary inlets increased overall total pressure recovery of the order of 10 percent.

Trefny, C. J.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Making Fillets by Electrical-Discharge Machining

Shaped graphite electrode eliminates many hours of hand work. Hardened-steel forming tool transfers fillet shape to internal lip of electrode. Lip shape transferred to base of post in EDM procedure to form fillet. Array of electrodes produces many fillets simultaneously.

Burley, R.↗
NASA NTRS1986

LANDSAT imagery of the Central Andes

The central Andes of South America extend from approximately 14 deg. S to 28 deg. S as an unbroken chain of mountains and volcanoes over 2000 km long. It is here that the Nazca plate dives under the South American plate at angles varying from 10 deg to 30 deg. Very little is known about the volcanoes comprising this classic, subduction-type plate margin. A catalogue of the volcanoes in the central Andes is being prepared by Dr. P.W. Francis and Dr. C.A. Wood at the NASA Lunar and Planetary Institute. At present, more than 800 volcanoes of Cenozoic age have been recognized in the chain, with an estimated 75-80 major, active Quarternary volcanoes. Approximately one hundred 1536 x 1536 pixel color composite Optronics positives were produced from six full LANDSAT Thermatic Mapper scenes and three partial TM scenes. These positives cover a large portion of the central Andes. The positives were produced from LANDSAT data using the VAX imaging package, LIPS. The scenes were first transferred from magnetic tape to disk. The LIPS package was then used to select volcanically interesting areas which were then electronically enhanced. Finally, the selected areas were transferred back to tape and printed on the Optronics equipment. The pictures are color composites using LANDSAT TM bands 7,4, and 2 in the red, green, and blue filters, respectively.

Komer, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Intergration effects of D-shaped, underwing, aft-mounted, separate-flow, flow-through nacelles on a high-wing transport

An experimental investigation was conducted in the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel at freestream Mach numbers from 0.70 to 0.82 and angles of attack from -3.0 to 4.0 deg to determine the integration effects of D-shaped, underwing, aft-mounted, separate-flow, flow-through nacelles on a high-wing transonic transport configuration. The results showed that the aft-mounted nacelle/pylon produced an increase in lift over that of the wing-body configuration by pressurizing much of the wing lower surface in front of the pylon. For the D-shaped nacelle, a substantial region of supersonic flow over the wing, aft of the lip of the nacelle, cancelled the reduction in drag caused by the increase in pressures ahead of the lip, to increase interference and form drag compared with a similar circular-shaped nacelle. The installed drag of the D=shaped nacelle was essentially the same as that of an aft-mounted circular nacelle from a previous investigation.

Lamb, Milton↗
NASA NTRS1988

Interference effects on the hypersonic, rarefied flow about a flat plate

The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method is used to study the hypersonic, rarified flow interference effects on a flat plate caused by nearby surfaces. Calculations focus on shock-boundary-layer and shock-lip interactions in hypersonic inlets. Results are presented for geometries consisting of a flat plate with different leading-edge shapes over a flat lower wall and a blunt-edge flat plate over a 5-degree wedge. The problems simulated correspond to a typical entry flight condition of 7.5 km/s at altitudes of 75 to 90 km. The results show increases in predicted local heating rates for shock-boundary-layer and shock-lip interactions that are quantitatively similar to those observed experimentally at much higher densities.

Wilmoth, Richard G.↗
NASA NTRS1986

An experimental evaluation of S-duct inlet-diffuser configurations for turboprop offset gearbox applications

A test program, utilizing a large scale model, was run in the NASA Lewis Research Center 10- by 10-ft wind tunnel to examine the influence on performance of design parameters of turboprop S-duct inlet/diffuser systems. The parametric test program investigated inlet lip thickness, inlet/diffuser cross-sectional geometry, throat design Mach number, and shaft fairing shape. The test program was run at angles of attack to 15 deg and tunnel Mach numbers to 0.35. Results of the program indicate that current design techniques can be used to design inlet/diffuser systems with acceptable total pressure recovery, but several of the design parameters, notably lip thickness (contraction ratio) and shaft fairing cross section, must be optimized to prevent excessive distortion at the compressor face.

Mcdill, Paul L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The effects of initial jet exit conditions on plume resonance

The acoustic emission and boundary layer of a cold jet issuing from an underexpanded sonic nozzle have been measured for lip thicknesses of the nozzle exit varying from 0.015-0.625 nozzle diameters. Near-field acoustic data demonstrate that the amplitude and frequency of certain modes of screech and the dominant mode of instability which exists in the shear layer are dependent on nozzle lip thickness. Changes in momentum thickness due to variations in the nozzle exit were also quantified.

Ponton, Michael K.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Interference effects on the hypersonic, rarefied flow about a flat plate

The Direct Simulatiaon Monte Carlo method is used to study the hypersonic, rarefied flow interference effects on a flat plate caused by nearby surfaces. Calculations focus on shock-boundary-layer and shock-lip interactions in hypersonic inlets. Results are presented for geometries consisting of a flat plate with different leading-edge shapes over a flat lower wall and a blunt-edge flat plate over a 5-degree wedge. The problems simulated correspond to a typical entry flight condition of 7.5 km/s at altitudes of 75 to 90 km. The results show increases in predicted local heating rates for shock-boundary-layer and shock-lip interactions that are quantitatively similar to those observed experimentally at much higher densities.

Wilmoth, Richard G.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Production of organic compounds in plasmas: A comparison among electric sparks, laser-induced plasmas and UV light

In order to study the production of organic compounds in plasmas (and shocks), various mixtures of N2, CH4, and H2, modeling the atmosphere of Titan, were exposed to discrete sparks, laser-induced plasmas (LIP) and ultraviolet light. The yields of HCN and simple hydrocarbons were measured and compared to those calculated from a simple quenched thermodynamic equilibrium model. The agreement between experiment and theory was fair for HCN and C2H2. However, the yields of C2H6 and other hydrocarbons were much higher than those predicted by the model. Our experiments suggest that photolysis by ultraviolet light from the plasma is an important process in the synthesis. This was confirmed by the photolysis of gas samples exposed to the light, but not to the plasma or shock waves. The results of these experiments demonstrate that, in addition to the well-known efficient synthesis of organic compounds in plasmas, the yields of saturated species, e.g., ethane, may be higher than predicted by theory and that LIP provide a convenient and clean way of simulating planetary lightning and impact plasmas in the laboratory.

Scattergood, T. W.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Monte Carlo simulation of a near-continuum shock-shock interaction problem

A complex shock interaction is calculated with direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC). The calculation is performed for the near-continuum flow produced when an incident shock impinges on the bow shock of a 0.1 in. radius cowl lip for freestream conditions of approximately Mach 15 and 35 km altitude. Solutions are presented both for a full finite-rate chemistry calculation and for a case with chemical reactions suppressed. In each case, both the undisturbed flow about the cowl lip and the full shock interaction flowfields are calculated. Good agreement has been obtained between the no-chemistry simulation of the undisturbed flow and a perfect gas solution obtained with the viscous shock-layer method. Large differences in calculated surface properties when different chemical models are used demonstrate the necessity of adequately representing the chemistry when making surface property predictions. Preliminary grid refinement studies make it possible to estimate the accuracy of the solutions.

Carlson, Ann B.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Enhanced mixing of a rectangular supersonic jet by natural and induced screech

The influence of shear layer excitation on the mixing of supersonic rectangular jets was studied experimentally. Two methods of excitation were used to control the jet mixing. The first used the natural screech of an underexpanded supersonic jet from a converging nozzle. The level of the screech excitation was controlled by the use of a pair of baffles located to block the acoustic feedback path between the downstream shock structure and the nozzle lip. A screech level variation of over 30 decibels was achieved and the mixing was completely determined by the level of screech attained at the nozzle lip. The second form of self-excitation used the induced screech caused by obstacles or paddles located in the shear layers on either long side of the rectangular jet. With sufficient immersion of the paddles intense jet mixing occurred and large flapping wave motion was observed using a strobed focused Schlieren system. Each paddle was instrumented with a total pressure tap and strain gages to determine the pressure and drag force on the square cross-section paddle. Considerable drag was observed in this initial exploratory study. Future studies using alternate paddle geometries will be conducted to maximize jet mixing with minimum drag.

Rice, Edward J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Viscous hypersonic shock-shock interaction on a blunt body at high altitude

The shock interaction produced when an incident oblique shock impinges on a blunt body, such as an engine inlet cowl lip of a hypersonic vehicle, is investigated for high altitude flight conditions. A perfect gas, Navier-Stokes numerical simulation of this problem at various altitudes representing continuum through transitional conditions is performed using the modified flux vector splitting method of Steger and Warming (1979). Two series of solutions are produced. First, a number-of-shock-positions are studied at a particular altitude and Mach number. Second, given a fixed shock position and Mach number, the interaction is investigated at several altitudes ranging from continuum to transitional flow conditions. It is shown that the interaction becomes fundamentally different as the density is lowered, and its effect on the overheating problem is progressively diminished. The maximum stagnation point heating at the highest altitude is reached only when the incident shock misses the cowl lip completely, and any interaction with the cowl bow shock that does occur takes place downstream and thus has little effect on the conditions at the stagnation point.

Comeaux, Keith A.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Installed F/A-18 inlet flow calculations at 60 deg angle-of-attack and 10 deg side slip

This paper presents the results of PARC3D numerical calculations on a 19.78 percent scale forebody/inlet model of the F/A-18 at a Mach number of 0.20, an angle-of-attack of 60 deg, and a side-slip angle of 10 deg. The main purpose of these calculations is to support an upcoming wind-tunnel test program in the prediction of engine inlet compressor face total pressure recovery and flow distortion. The GRIDGEN system was used to generate a grid which includes the inlet and lip, and other aircraft components which are considered to be important to inlet performance, such as the ramp/splitter plate, the diverter and slot, and the deflected leading edge flap. PARC3D shows complex flow patterns on the fuselage surfaces below the leading edge extensions, on the ramp/splitter plate, inlet lip, and inside the inlet. PARC3D tends to underpredict total pressure recovery and overpredict the flow distortion at the inlet compressor face.

Podleski, S. D.↗
NASA NTRS1938

Wind-tunnel of three lateral-control devices in combination with a full-span slotted flap on an NACA 23012 airfoil

A large-chord NACA 23012 airfoil was tested. The airfoil extended completely across the test section, and two-dimensional flow was approximated. The model was fitted with a full-span slotted flap having a chord 25.66 percent of the airfoil chord. The ailerons investigated extended over the entire span and each had a chord 10 percent of the airfoil chord. The types of ailerons tested were: retractable ailerons, slot-lip ailerons using the lip of the slot for ailerons, and plain ailerons on the trailing edge of the slotted flap. The data are presented in the form of curves of section lift, drag, and pitching-moment coefficients for the airfoil with flap deflected but with ailerons neutral, and of rolling-moment, yawing-moment, and hinge-moment coefficients calculated for a rectangular wing of aspect ratio 6 with a semi-span aileron and a full-span flap. For the ailerons investigated the data indicate that, from considerations of rolling and yawing moments produced and of stick forces desired, the retractable aileron is the most satisfactory means of lateral control for use with a full-span slotted flap.

Wenzinger, Carl J↗
NASA NTRS1952

Performance of supersonic scoop inlets

A brief summary is made of the performance of a series of variable-geometry type scoop inlets investigated at the Lewis Laboratory on a model of the X-3 airplane fuselage. Data are presented for a range of inlet mass-flow ratios over a Mach number range from 0 to 2 and from 0 degrees to 12 degrees angle of attack. Rounded-lip inlets are found to give satisfactory performance to a Mach number of 1.5. Use of sharp rather than blunt lip configurations is shown to provide considerable gains in available thrust at Mach number 2.0 but penalize take-off performance to the extent that auxiliary air intakes may be required. No one inlet type was found to be superior over the entire range of operating variables. Thus, the choice of a specific inlet design will be influenced by structural and mechanical as well as aerodynamic considerations.

DIFFUSERS, SUPERSONIC↗
NASA NTRS1952

Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Inlet-engine Matching for Turbojet-powered Aircraft at Mach Numbers up to 2.0

An analysis of inlet-turbojet-engine matching for a range of Mach numbers up to 2.0 indicates large performance penalties when fixed-geometry inlets are used. Use of variable-geometry inlets, however, nearly eliminates th The analysis was confirmed experimentally by investigating at Mach numbers of 0, 0.63, and 1.5 to 2.0 two single oblique-shock-type inlets of different compression-ramp angles, which simulated a variable-geometry configuration. The experimental investigation indicated that total-pressure recoveries comparable withose attainable with well designed nose inlets were obtained with the side inlets when all the boundary layer ahead of the inlets was removed. Serious drag penalties resulted at a Mach number of 2.0 from the use of blunt-cowl leading edges. However, sharp-lip inlets produced large losses in thrust for the take-off condition. These thrust penalties which are associated with the the low-speed operation of the sharp-lip inlet designs can probably be avoided without impairing the supersonic performance of the inlet by the use of auxiliary inlets or blow-in doors.

Esenwein, Fred T↗
NASA NTRS1956

Performance Characteristics of Cylindrical Target-type Thrust Reversers

From tests on cylindrical target-type thrust reversers, it was found that the reverser frontal area, lip angle, end-plate angle, and end-plate depth had important effects on reverse-thrust performance. Frontal area, reverser depth, lip angle, and end-plate angele had important effects on the spacing required for unrestricted nozzle flow. For reverse-thrust ratios greater than 64 percent, the reversed flow attached to the 7 degree cowl in quiescent air. Swept-type cylindrical reversers were generally unstable. The thrust-modulation characteristics of a cylindrical target-type thrust reverser were found to be satisfactory.

Steffen, Fred W↗
NASA NTRS1956

Effects of external stream flow and afterbody variations on the performance of a plug nozzle

The off-design operation of an isentropic plug nozzle designed for a jet pressure ratio of 15 was investigated experimentally at subsonic Mach numbers up to 0.9 and jet pressure ratios up to 5. When installed in a cylindrical nacelle with a sharp turn at the nozzle lip, the interaction of the jet and the external stream produced low pressures on the base formed by the high lip angle. These low pressures increased the nacelle drag and caused an overexpansion of the jet, which resulted in lower pressures on the plug and, hence, reduced thrust. With a boattail ahead of the plug nozzle, the base pressures were increased and the jet overexpansion significantly reduced.

Salmi, R J↗