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At least 235 records · Page 13

Diffusivities of Redox-Sensitive Elements in Basalt vs. Oxygen Fugacity Determined by LA-ICP-MS

Several diffusion experiments were conducted in a piston cylinder device across a range of oxygen fugacities (FMQ-3 FMQ-1.2, FMQ+6) at 1 GPa and 1300 C. This was done to explore the effects of oxygen fugacity (fO2) on diffusivity of redox sensitive trace elements. This allows investigation of how these elements diffuse across the fO2 range encountered in different reservoirs on planets and moons in our solar system. The University of Rochester LA-ICP-MS system was used for analysis of samples. Analyses were conducted using an Agilent 7900 quadrupole mass spectrometer connected to a Photon Machines 193 nm G2 laser ablation (LA) system equipped with a HelEx 2-volume sample chamber. Spots used were 35 micrometers circles spaced at 65 micrometers intervals. Laser fluence was 7.81 J/cm^2 with a rep rate of 10 Hz. The iolite software package was used to reduce data collected from laser ablation analysis of experiments with Si-29 used as the internal standard isotope. Iolite's global fit module was used to simultaneously fit elements' diffusivities in each experiment while keeping the Matano interface constant. Elements analysed include V, Nb, W, Mo, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Ta, and W. Figures

Szumila, Ian↗

Application of High-Spatial Resolution LA-MC-ICP-MS in Planetary Materials

High-precision stable and radiogenic isotopic measurements of planetary materials can help elucidate processes taking place during early Solar System formation, as well as during subsequent planetary differentiation. Laser Ablation Multi Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) adds the valuable ability of preserving the spatial context of these isotopic measurements, by sampling small sample volumes (~10 – 60 um diameter) using a pulsed laser system. In the Center for Isotope Cosmochemistry and Geochronology (CICG) at NASA Johnson Space Center, these in-situ isotopic measurements are primarily made using the Applied SpectraTM iX-fs-Tandem LA-LIBS Instrument coupled to the Nu InstrumentsTM SP1700 MC-ICP-MS. The instrumental set-up also provides simultaneous Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) measurements and the potential use of a low energy path with a collision/reaction cell for additional interference removal, though we focus here on the typical high-energy LA-MC-ICP-MS operation. We will provide examples of stable (e.g., Mg) and radiogenic (e.g., Lu-Hf) isotopic systems measured in planetary materials and their terrestrial analogs. The measurement of mass dependent Mg isotopic variations is an important tool for reconstructing processes such as evaporation and condensation of solids in the solar nebula. For early Solar System samples, Mg isotope measurements are also important for the short-lived (t1/2 = 0.7 Ma) Al-Mg chronometer. During laser ablation analyses, the measurement of the Al-Mg isotopic system is made in medium mass resolution (RP ~9500 at ~20% transmission) to limit interferences from 48Ti2+ and 48Ca2+ on 24Mg+, in addition to 52Cr2+ and 12C14N+ on 26Mg+. Measured in the mineral zircon, the 176Lu-176Hf decay system is often used for understanding the growth of continents on Earth, and is also a vital aid in deciphering early large-scale planetary differentiation processes, such as the crystallization of the lunar magma ocean, which is thought to be responsible for much of the Moon’s crust. Lu-Hf measurements are made in low resolution mode (RP <2000), with 10 ion masses (from 171Yb to 180Hf) measured simultaneously to facilitate corrections for isobaric interferences from 176Yb and 176Lu on 176Hf.

Jacob B Setera↗

Materials Data on La(SiIr)2 by Materials Project

La(IrSi)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/nmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Si4- atoms. There are four shorter (3.22 Å) and four longer (3.25 Å) La–Si bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ir3+ sites. In the first Ir3+ site, Ir3+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Si4- atoms. All Ir–Si bond lengths are 2.46 Å. In the second Ir3+ site, Ir3+ is bonded to four equivalent Si4- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing IrSi4 tetrahedra. All Ir–Si bond lengths are 2.47 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4- sites. In the first Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La2+ and five Ir3+ atoms. In the second Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La2+ and four equivalent Ir3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(Ni2B)6 by Materials Project

La(Ni2B)6 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmc2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a distorted hexagonal planar geometry to six B3- atoms. There are a spread of La–B bond distances ranging from 3.08–3.30 Å. There are seven inequivalent Ni+1.25+ sites. In the first Ni+1.25+ site, Ni+1.25+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three B3- atoms. There are a spread of Ni–B bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.10 Å. In the second Ni+1.25+ site, Ni+1.25+ is bonded to four B3- atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing NiB4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ni–B bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.12 Å. In the third Ni+1.25+ site, Ni+1.25+ is bonded to four B3- atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing NiB4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ni–B bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.13 Å. In the fourth Ni+1.25+ site, Ni+1.25+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three B3- atoms. There are a spread of Ni–B bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.15 Å. In the fifth Ni+1.25+ site, Ni+1.25+ is bonded to four B3- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing NiB4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ni–B bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.10 Å. In the sixth Ni+1.25+ site, Ni+1.25+ is bonded in a T-shaped geometry to three B3- atoms. There are two shorter (2.00 Å) and one longer (2.06 Å) Ni–B bond lengths. In the seventh Ni+1.25+ site, Ni+1.25+ is bonded in a T-shaped geometry to three B3- atoms. There are two shorter (2.09 Å) and one longer (2.17 Å) Ni–B bond lengths. There are four inequivalent B3- sites. In the first B3- site, B3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to one La3+ and seven Ni+1.25+ atoms. In the second B3- site, B3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to one La3+ and seven Ni+1.25+ atoms. In the third B3- site, B3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to one La3+ and seven Ni+1.25+ atoms. In the fourth B3- site, B3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to one La3+ and seven Ni+1.25+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(AuF4)3 by Materials Project

La(AuF4)3 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine F1- atoms. There are three shorter (2.43 Å) and six longer (2.49 Å) La–F bond lengths. Au3+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four F1- atoms. There are a spread of Au–F bond distances ranging from 1.94–1.99 Å. There are three inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a linear geometry to one La3+ and one Au3+ atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Au3+ atom. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one La3+ and one Au3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(NO2)3 by Materials Project

La(NO2)3 crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.56–2.66 Å. N3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.26 Å) and one longer (1.29 Å) N–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one La3+ and one N3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent La3+ and one N3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(C2N3)3 by Materials Project

La(C2N3)3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine N3- atoms. There are a spread of La–N bond distances ranging from 2.57–3.03 Å. There are two inequivalent C4+ sites. In the first C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two N3- atoms. There is one shorter (1.18 Å) and one longer (1.30 Å) C–N bond length. In the second C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two N3- atoms. There is one shorter (1.18 Å) and one longer (1.30 Å) C–N bond length. There are four inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one La3+ and one C4+ atom. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one La3+ and two equivalent C4+ atoms. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one La3+ and one C4+ atom. In the fourth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one La3+ and two equivalent C4+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(SbO3)3 by Materials Project

La(SbO3)3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.44–2.72 Å. There are two inequivalent Sb5+ sites. In the first Sb5+ site, Sb5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 34–52°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.04 Å. In the second Sb5+ site, Sb5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 51–52°. There are two shorter (2.02 Å) and four longer (2.03 Å) Sb–O bond lengths. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one La3+ and two equivalent Sb5+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one La3+ and two equivalent Sb5+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sb5+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one La3+ and two Sb5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(SiIr)2 by Materials Project

La(IrSi)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La2+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Si4- atoms. All La–Si bond lengths are 3.21 Å. Ir3+ is bonded to four equivalent Si4- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing IrSi4 tetrahedra. All Ir–Si bond lengths are 2.43 Å. Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La2+, four equivalent Ir3+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.63 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(SiOs)2 by Materials Project

La(OsSi)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Os+1.50- atoms. All La–Os bond lengths are 3.29 Å. Os+1.50- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La3+ and four equivalent Si atoms. All Os–Si bond lengths are 2.41 Å. Si is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Os+1.50- and one Si atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.73 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(HO)3 by Materials Project

La(OH)3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine equivalent O2- atoms. There are three shorter (2.58 Å) and six longer (2.60 Å) La–O bond lengths. H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three equivalent La3+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(HO)3 by Materials Project

La(OH)3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine equivalent O2- atoms. There are a spread of La–O bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.68 Å. H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three equivalent La3+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(ZnAs)3 by Materials Project

La(ZnAs)3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded to seven As3- atoms to form distorted LaAs7 pentagonal bipyramids that share corners with thirteen ZnAs4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent LaAs7 pentagonal bipyramids, edges with seven ZnAs4 tetrahedra, and faces with two equivalent LaAs7 pentagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–As bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.23 Å. There are three inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four As3- atoms to form ZnAs4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent LaAs7 pentagonal bipyramids, corners with nine ZnAs4 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent LaAs7 pentagonal bipyramids, and an edgeedge with one ZnAs4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–As bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.58 Å. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four As3- atoms to form ZnAs4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent LaAs7 pentagonal bipyramids, corners with eight ZnAs4 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent LaAs7 pentagonal bipyramids, and edges with two equivalent ZnAs4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–As bond distances ranging from 2.49–2.80 Å. In the third Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four As3- atoms to form ZnAs4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent LaAs7 pentagonal bipyramids, corners with five ZnAs4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one LaAs7 pentagonal bipyramid, and edges with five ZnAs4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (2.58 Å) and one longer (2.63 Å) Zn–As bond lengths. There are three inequivalent As3- sites. In the first As3- site, As3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to two equivalent La3+ and five Zn2+ atoms. In the second As3- site, As3- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent La3+ and four Zn2+ atoms. In the third As3- site, As3- is bonded to three equivalent La3+ and three Zn2+ atoms to form distorted edge-sharing AsLa3Zn3 octahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(CuO2)2 by Materials Project

La(CuO2)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4_1/a space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent O2- atoms. There are four shorter (2.52 Å) and four longer (2.53 Å) La–O bond lengths. Cu+2.50+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.91 Å) and two longer (1.93 Å) Cu–O bond length. O2- is bonded to two equivalent La3+ and two equivalent Cu+2.50+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OLa2Cu2 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(ErS2)3 by Materials Project

La(ErS2)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Er3+ sites. In the first Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to seven S2- atoms to form distorted ErS7 pentagonal bipyramids that share corners with three ErS6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent ErS6 octahedra, and edges with four equivalent ErS7 pentagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 38–51°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.91 Å. In the second Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent ErS6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one ErS7 pentagonal bipyramid, edges with four equivalent ErS6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent ErS7 pentagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–62°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.77 Å. In the third Er3+ site, Er3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form ErS6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent ErS6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ErS7 pentagonal bipyramids, and edges with four equivalent ErS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–62°. There are a spread of Er–S bond distances ranging from 2.65–2.79 Å. La3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight S2- atoms. There are a spread of La–S bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.07 Å. There are six inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Er3+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded to three Er3+ and one La3+ atom to form distorted SLaEr3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two equivalent SLa2Er3 square pyramids, corners with four SLa3Er2 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two equivalent SLaEr3 trigonal pyramids, edges with three equivalent SLa2Er3 square pyramids, and edges with two equivalent SLa3Er2 trigonal bipyramids. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Er3+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded to two equivalent Er3+ and three equivalent La3+ atoms to form distorted SLa3Er2 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with four equivalent SLa2Er3 square pyramids, corners with two equivalent SLa2Er3 trigonal bipyramids, a cornercorner with one SLaEr3 trigonal pyramid, an edgeedge with one SLa2Er3 square pyramid, edges with seven SLa3Er2 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two equivalent SLaEr3 trigonal pyramids. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded to three Er3+ and two equivalent La3+ atoms to form distorted SLa2Er3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent SLa2Er3 square pyramids, corners with two equivalent SLa3Er2 trigonal bipyramids, corners with three equivalent SLaEr3 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one SLa2Er3 square pyramid, and edges with five SLa3Er2 trigonal bipyramids. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded to three equivalent Er3+ and two equivalent La3+ atoms to form distorted SLa2Er3 square pyramids that share corners with six SLa2Er3 trigonal bipyramids, corners with two equivalent SLaEr3 trigonal pyramids, edges with four equivalent SLa2Er3 square pyramids, edges with two SLa2Er3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with three equivalent SLaEr3 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(CeB8)3 by Materials Project

La(CeB8)3 is Calcium hexaboride-derived structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ce3+ sites. In the first Ce3+ site, Ce3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to twenty-four B+0.50- atoms. There are a spread of Ce–B bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.04 Å. In the second Ce3+ site, Ce3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to twenty-four B+0.50- atoms. All Ce–B bond lengths are 3.03 Å. La3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to twenty-four B+0.50- atoms. There are four shorter (3.03 Å) and twenty longer (3.04 Å) La–B bond lengths. There are seven inequivalent B+0.50- sites. In the first B+0.50- site, B+0.50- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Ce3+ and five B+0.50- atoms. There is one shorter (1.64 Å) and four longer (1.76 Å) B–B bond length. In the second B+0.50- site, B+0.50- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Ce3+, one La3+, and five B+0.50- atoms. There is one shorter (1.64 Å) and four longer (1.76 Å) B–B bond length. In the third B+0.50- site, B+0.50- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ce3+, two equivalent La3+, and five B+0.50- atoms. There is one shorter (1.65 Å) and four longer (1.76 Å) B–B bond length. In the fourth B+0.50- site, B+0.50- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Ce3+ and five B+0.50- atoms. There is one shorter (1.64 Å) and two longer (1.76 Å) B–B bond length. In the fifth B+0.50- site, B+0.50- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ce3+, two equivalent La3+, and five B+0.50- atoms. There are a spread of B–B bond distances ranging from 1.64–1.76 Å. In the sixth B+0.50- site, B+0.50- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ce3+, two equivalent La3+, and five B+0.50- atoms. There is one shorter (1.75 Å) and one longer (1.77 Å) B–B bond length. In the seventh B+0.50- site, B+0.50- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Ce3+ and five B+0.50- atoms. The B–B bond length is 1.76 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(AlSi)2 by Materials Project

La(AlSi)2 crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La2+ is bonded to six equivalent Si4- atoms to form LaSi6 octahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent AlSi4 tetrahedra, edges with six equivalent LaSi6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent AlSi4 tetrahedra. All La–Si bond lengths are 3.11 Å. Al3+ is bonded to four equivalent Si4- atoms to form AlSi4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent LaSi6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent AlSi4 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent LaSi6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent AlSi4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–52°. There are three shorter (2.53 Å) and one longer (2.54 Å) Al–Si bond lengths. Si4- is bonded to three equivalent La2+ and four equivalent Al3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SiLa3Al4 pentagonal bipyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on La(BOs)2 by Materials Project

La(OsB)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fddd space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Os+1.50- atoms. All La–Os bond lengths are 3.06 Å. Os+1.50- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent La3+ and four equivalent B atoms. There are two shorter (2.11 Å) and two longer (2.18 Å) Os–B bond lengths. B is bonded to four equivalent Os+1.50- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing BOs4 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗