Balancing conflicting requirements for grid and particle decomposition in continuum-Lagrangian solvers
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Sitaraman, Hariswaran↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “GRIDS”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Fault Contribution of Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Inverters Considering Generic Inverter Controls and Ride-through Requirements
Gradual transformation of the synchronous generator (SG)-dominated power systems to inverter-based resource (IBR)-dominated power systems is bringing new challenges regarding power system protection. Increasing IBR’s penetration will reduce the reliability of protection coordination, originally developed for SG-dominated power systems, potentially leading to less accurate calculation or even mis-operation. Thus, new protection schemes compatible with IBR-dominated power systems should be established. Prior to establishing the protection schemes, research on the fault contribution of generic IBR models should be conducted considering interconnection requirements. This paper conducts fault current contribution analysis of generic grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) inverters considering interconnection requirements using an electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation tool. To do this, EMT-based generic GFL models have been developed with the ride-through requirements from IEEE-1547 standards. In addition, the major functions of the generic models are explained. Then, the fault current analysis was conducted using GFL and GFM inverters in a single-inverter-infinite-bus system and a modified IEEE 34-node system considering different grid, fault, inverter control parameters.
Kim, Jinho [BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)]↗
Modeling Adequacy of Droop-Controlled Grid-Forming Converters for Transient Studies: Singular Perturbation Analysis
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
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Vehicle-to-Grid Automatic Load Sharing with Driver Preference in Micro-Grids
Integration of Electrical Vehicles (EVs) with power grid not only brings new challenges for load management, but also opportunities for distributed storage and generation. This paper comprehensively models and analyzes distributed Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) for automatic load sharing with driver preference. In a micro-grid with limited communications, V2G EVs need to decide load sharing based on their own power and voltage profile. A droop based controller taking into account driver preference is proposed in this paper to address the distributed control of EVs. Simulations are designed for three fundamental V2G automatic load sharing scenarios that include all system dynamics of such applications. Simulation results demonstrate that active power sharing is achieved proportionally among V2G EVs with consideration of driver preference. In additional, the results also verify the system stability and reactive power sharing analysis in system modelling, which sheds light on large scale V2G automatic load sharing in more complicated cases.
Wang, Yubo↗
Hardware Demonstration of Weak Grid Oscillations in Grid-Following Converters
The increasing penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) introduces some unexpected dynamic issues, including low-frequency oscillations. In this paper, a laboratory-scale grid-following voltage-source converter (VSC) system is implemented to demonstrate weak grid oscillations. Grid-following control is applied in VSC to provide active power, reactive power or ac voltage control. The test bed is also replicated in electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation environment (MAT-LAB/SimPowerSystems) for benchmark purpose. Case studies are carried out to demonstrate low-frequency oscillations under real power/ac voltage or real power/reactive power control. The excellent agreement between the simulation and experimental results ensures that the two test beds are exchangeable and can be used for testing oscillation mitigation strategies in future research.
Bao, Li↗
Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Demand Response for Manufacturers in the Smart Grid
Not provided.
Engineering↗
Grid-Edge resource controller to enhance distribution grid resilience [SWR-19-70]
This Grid-Edge resource controller provides an unprecedented operational resilience enhancement solution for distribution grids to achieve the lowest system degradation and fast service restoration during extreme events. Specifically, it involves integrated planning and operation approaches that provide distribution grids with a self-evolving capability on dynamically altering system topology and adjusting the operations of edge-intelligent resources in response to dynamic weather disruptions.
Ding, Fei↗
Maui Smart Grid Demonstration Project Managing Distribution System Resources for Improved Service Quality and Reliability, Transmission Congestion Relief, and Grid Support Functions
The Maui Smart Grid Project (MSGP) is under the leadership of the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. The project team includes Maui Electric Company, Ltd. (MECO), Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. (HECO), Sentech (a division of SRA International, Inc.), Silver Spring Networks (SSN), Alstom Grid, Maui Economic Development Board (MEDB), University of Hawaii-Maui College (UHMC), and the County of Maui. MSGP was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Cooperative Agreement Number DE-FC26-08NT02871, with approximately 50% co-funding supplied by MECO. The project was designed to develop and demonstrate an integrated monitoring, communications, database, applications, and decision support solution that aggregates renewable energy (RE), other distributed generation (DG), energy storage, and demand response technologies in a distribution system to achieve both distribution and transmission-level benefits. The application of these new technologies and procedures will increase MECO’s visibility into system conditions, with the expected benefits of enabling more renewable energy resources to be integrated into the grid, improving service quality, increasing overall reliability of the power system, and ultimately reducing costs to both MECO and its customers.
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Performance Year 1 Technical Report - OPEN COG Grid: Extendable Coherent Models-Datasets for Cognitive Power Grids
The OPEN COG Grid project is a collaborative effort between LLNL, NREL, and Texas A&M University (TAMU) to develop synthetic power system datasets that (i) contain all technical information that would be available in a real system, allowing to conduct studies ranging from dynamic simulation to long term planning studies; ii) are accessible to researchers from the broader data sciences community, as oppossed to power system experts only; and (iii) This report summarizes the work conducted during the first 15 months of execution of the project. These activities encompassed: 1. Conduct a survey of existing open data sets and open source power systems simulators, their supported use cases, and accessibility (Chapter 1). 2. Define a new extensible specification for power system data, covering all parameters necessary for most computational use cases (Chapter 2). 3. Collecting real technical system data to complete missing parameters in existing open source datasets (Chapter 3). 4. Develop models that capture the behavior of emergent actors in power grids, neglected by existing datasets; aggregated residential demand response (Chapter 4) and demand response of cryptocurrency miners (Chapter 5). 5. Collect detailed spatial information on distributed energy resources, particular, solar photovoltaic facilities (Chapter 6). The following chapters provide detailed descriptions of these tasks, the assumptions taken, and their findings. In conducting these tasks, the project team produced: two (accepted) conference papers; one journal paper under submission; one draft journal paper pending submission; released one repository with the developed power system data specification, with documentation and examples; and one extended dataset for the Texas power grid under review for release. The team hopes these contributions will enhance access to power system data and remove barriers to the development of new computational techniques for power systems, particularly, those inspired by cognitive sciences.
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TASTI-GRID: a holistic view of Florida's grid resilience opportunities
In December of 2025, the American Society of Civil Engineers updated Florida’s infrastructure grade to a ”C+” – reflecting overall investments in recent years. With the recommendation to further strengthen the electric grid and establish consistent building standards, extreme weather, aging infrastructure, and population in-migration are still compounding Florida’s grid vulnerabilities. Key challenges related to hurricane and other tropical & marine weather events are not unique to Florida. However, the state’s topography, location, demographics, and variation among rural and urban centers for tourism and industry, demonstrate the need for unique approaches to advancing critical infrastructure resilience, particularly for large concentrations of elderly residents or in areas of historic underinvestment. Florida’s grid asset advancements are credited with a reduction in average power outage durations. Yet, improvements since 2021 have set the stage for future resilience activities – as modernization efforts have greatly improved data collection – enabling better understanding of vulnerabilities and trends across counties and localities (particularly in Central Florida).
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Life Prediction Model for Grid-Connected Li-ion Battery Energy Storage System
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are being deployed on the electrical grid for a variety of purposes, such as to smooth fluctuations in solar renewable power generation. The lifetime of these batteries will vary depending on their thermal environment and how they are charged and discharged. To optimal utilization of a battery over its lifetime requires characterization of its performance degradation under different storage and cycling conditions. Aging tests were conducted on commercial graphite/nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) Li-ion cells. A general lifetime prognostic model framework is applied to model changes in capacity and resistance as the battery degrades. Across 9 aging test conditions from 0oC to 55oC, the model predicts capacity fade with 1.4% RMS error and resistance growth with 15% RMS error. The model, recast in state variable form with 8 states representing separate fade mechanisms, is used to extrapolate lifetime for example applications of the energy storage system integrated with renewable photovoltaic (PV) power generation.
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Analysis of Grid-Forming Inverter Controls for Grid-Connected and Islanded Microgrid Integration
Autonomous grid-forming (GFM) inverter testbeds with scalable platforms have attracted interest recently. In this study, a self-synchronized universal droop controller (SUDC) was adopted, tested, and scaled in a small network and a test feeder using a real-time simulation tool to operate microgrids without synchronous generators. We presented a novel GFM inverter control adoption to better understand the dynamic behavior of the inverters and their scalability, which can impact the distribution system (DS). This paper provides a steady-state and transient analysis of the GFM power inverter controller via simulation to better understand voltage and frequency stabilization and ensure that the critical electric loads are not affected during a prolonged power outage. The controllers of the GFM inverter are simulated in HYPERSIM to examine voltage and frequency fluctuations. This analysis includes assessing the black start capability for photovoltaic microgrids, both grid-connected and islanded, during transient fault conditions. The high photovoltaic PV penetration levels open exciting opportunities and challenges for the DS. The GFM inverter control demonstrated appropriate response times for synchronization, connection, and disconnection to the grid. The DS has become more resilient and independent of fossil fuels by increasing the penetration of inverter-based distributed energy resources (DERs).
Ward, Laura (ORCID:0000000345501581)↗
Evaluating the Information Power Grid using the NAS Grid Benchmarks
The NAS Grid Benchmarks (NGB) are a collection of synthetic distributed applications designed to rate the performance and functionality of computational grids. We compare several implementations of the NGB to determine programmability and efficiency of NASA's Information Power Grid (IPG), whose services are mostly based on the Globus Toolkit. We report on the overheads involved in porting existing NGB reference implementations to the IPG. No changes were made to the component tasks of the NGB can still be improved.
VanderWijngaartm Rob F.↗
Grid regulation services for energy storage devices based on grid frequency
Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for charging and discharging an energy storage device connected to an electrical power distribution system. In one exemplary embodiment, a controller monitors electrical characteristics of an electrical power distribution system and provides an output to a bi-directional charger causing the charger to charge or discharge an energy storage device (e.g., a battery in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)). The controller can help stabilize the electrical power distribution system by increasing the charging rate when there is excess power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid exceeds an average value), or by discharging power from the energy storage device to stabilize the grid when there is a shortage of power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid is below an average value).
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Grid regulation services for energy storage devices based on grid frequency
Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for charging and discharging an energy storage device connected to an electrical power distribution system. In one exemplary embodiment, a controller monitors electrical characteristics of an electrical power distribution system and provides an output to a bi-directional charger causing the charger to charge or discharge an energy storage device (e.g., a battery in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)). The controller can help stabilize the electrical power distribution system by increasing the charging rate when there is excess power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid exceeds an average value), or by discharging power from the energy storage device to stabilize the grid when there is a shortage of power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid is below an average value).
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Grid regulation services for energy storage devices based on grid frequency
Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for charging and discharging an energy storage device connected to an electrical power distribution system. In one exemplary embodiment, a controller monitors electrical characteristics of an electrical power distribution system and provides an output to a bi-directional charger causing the charger to charge or discharge an energy storage device (e.g., a battery in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)). The controller can help stabilize the electrical power distribution system by increasing the charging rate when there is excess power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid exceeds an average value), or by discharging power from the energy storage device to stabilize the grid when there is a shortage of power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid is below an average value).
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Grid regulation services for energy storage devices based on grid frequency
Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for charging and discharging an energy storage device connected to an electrical power distribution system. In one exemplary embodiment, a controller monitors electrical characteristics of an electrical power distribution system and provides an output to a bi-directional charger causing the charger to charge or discharge an energy storage device (e.g., a battery in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)). The controller can help stabilize the electrical power distribution system by increasing the charging rate when there is excess power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid exceeds an average value), or by discharging power from the energy storage device to stabilize the grid when there is a shortage of power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid is below an average value).
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Grid stabilization using adjusted voltage regulator response to grid characteristics
Apparatus and methods are disclosed for control systems for improving stability of electrical grids by temporarily reducing voltage output of electrical generators responsive to transient events on an electrical grid. In one example of the disclosed technology, a controller is coupled is to an automatic voltage regulator, which in turn adjusts excitation current of an electrical generator responsive to changes in frequency detected for the electrical grid. Reducing the output voltage temporarily allows for smaller generators to provide power to the microgrid. Methods for selecting parameters determining how the controller generates a regulation signal used to adjust the excitation current are further disclosed.
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