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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Model-independent determination of the axial mass parameter in quasielastic neutrino-nucleon scattering

Quasielastic neutrino-nucleon scattering is a basic signal process for neutrino oscillation studies. At accelerator energies, the corresponding cross section is subject to significant uncertainty due to the poorly constrained axial-vector form factor of the nucleon. A model-independent description of the axial-vector form factor is presented. Data from the MiniBooNE experiment for quasielastic neutrino scattering on {sup 12}C are analyzed under the assumption of a definite nuclear model. The value of the axial mass parameter, m{sub A}=0.85{sub -0.07}{sup +0.22}{+-}0.09 GeV, is found to differ significantly from extractions based on traditional form factor models. Implications for future neutrino scattering and pion electroproduction measurements are discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Generation and regulation of electromagnetic pulses induced by hybrid laser pulses interacting with solid targets

In inertial confinement fusion, electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) can be produced during high-power laser interacting with solid targets, which are intimately related to laser intensity and laser energy. In this study, EMPs generated by hybrid laser pulses coupling with targets are recorded and analyzed. The results indicate that a single picosecond laser gives birth to the most intense EMPs, but they are remarkably suppressed when a nanosecond laser-shooting target is triggered before the picosecond and femtosecond laser. One possible hypothesis is proposed based on x-rays inducing pre-ablation that generates pre-plasma at the surfaces of the picosecond target and femtosecond target, leading to a sharp drop both in the energy and number of the emitting hot electrons and protons. Here, the findings will deepen our understanding of the mechanism of EMPs' generation and will also open a new avenue to regulate EMPs by hybrid laser pulses.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Superscaling in electron-nucleus scattering and its link to CC and NC QE neutrino-nucleus scattering

The superscaling approach (SuSA) to neutrino-nucleus scattering, based on the assumed universality of the scaling function for electromagnetic and weak interactions, is reviewed. The predictions of the SuSA model for bot CC and NC differential and total cross sections are presented and compared with the MiniBooNE data. The role of scaling violations, in particular the contribution of meson exchange currents in the two-particle two-hole sector, is explored.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Striking behavior of photoneutron cross sections for {sup 90}Zr near threshold

Photoneutron cross sections for {sup 90}Zr near neutron threshold were examined with a photon difference technique using laser Compton scattering {gamma}-ray beams. The cross section decreasing in the vicinity of neutron threshold exhibited a steep rise within 150 keV above the threshold. We draw attention to a possible relation of this striking behavior to the 3P valence neutron resonance known in neutron capture in the mass region A{approx_equal}90.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

What did we learn about GPDs from hard exclusive electroproduction of mesons

It is reported on an analysis of electroproduction of light mesons at small Bjorken-x (x{sup Bj}) within the handbag approach. The partonic subprocesses, meson electroproduction off quarks or gluons, are calculated within the modified per-turbative approach (m.p.a.) in which quark transverse momenta are retained. The soft hadronic matrix elements, generalized parton distributions (GPDs), are constructed by means of double distributions. The constraints from parton distributions and sum rules are taken into account. Various moments of these GPDs are compared to recent results from lattice gauge theories.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

The energy dependence of the pp {yields} K{sup +}n{Sigma}{sup +} reaction

The energy dependence of the total cross section for the pp {yields} K{sup +}n{Sigma}{sup +} reaction has been investigated at the magnetic spectrometer COSY-ANKE. Signals from the production of the {Sigma}{sup +} hyperon were searched for in three simultaneously measured spectra. The values obtained for the total production cross section {sigma}({Sigma}{sup +}) are slightly below those of {sigma}({Sigma}{sup 0}) at the same excess energies. They follow a phase space dependence and do not show any evidence for strong threshold effects or a significant n{Sigma}{sup +} final state interaction.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Exclusive {pi}{sup 0},{eta} electroproduction in the resonance region at high Q{sup 2}

We present preliminary results from {pi}{sup 0} and {eta} electroproduction data taken with CLAS at Jefferson Lab. These and other CLAS measurements, coupled with recent theoretical developments, will allow non-perturbative approaches to shed lights on the role of quarks and gluons in nuclei and address issues such as confinement and the non-zero quark mass in the chiral limit.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Backward-meson photoproduction at SPring-8/LEPS

Photoproductions of {pi}{sup 0} and {eta} mesons from protons were measured at backward angles. Bump structures were observed in both reaction, and a strong angular distribution of photon asymmetries was found in {pi}{sup 0} production. These structures are discussed connecting with baryon resonances.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Self-consistent interaction of linear gravitational and electromagnetic waves in non-magnetized plasma

Here, this paper explores the hybridization of linear metric perturbations with linear electromagnetic (EM) perturbations in non-magnetized plasma for a general background metric. The local wave properties are derived from first principles for inhomogeneous plasma, without assuming any symmetries of the background metric. First, we derive the effective (“oscillation-center”) Hamiltonian that governs the average dynamics of plasma particles in a prescribed quasimonochromatic wave that involves metric perturbations and EM fields simultaneously. Then, using this Hamiltonian, we derive the backreaction of plasma particles on the wave itself and obtain gauge-invariant equations that describe the resulting self-consistent gravito-electromagnetic (GEM) waves in a plasma. The transverse tensor modes of gravitational waves are found to have no interaction with the plasma and the EM modes in the geometrical-optics limit. However, for $longitudinal$ GEM modes with large values of the refraction index, the interplay between gravitational and EM interactions in plasma can have a strong effect. In particular, the dispersion relation of the Jeans mode is significantly affected by electrostatic interactions. As a spin-off, our calculation also provides an alternative resolution of the so-called Jeans swindle.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Simultaneous Observation of Two Isolated Proton Auroras at Subauroral Latitudes by a Highly Sensitive All-Sky Camera and Van Allen Probes

Isolated proton auroras (IPAs) appearing at subauroral latitudes are generated by energetic protons precipitating from the magnetosphere through interaction with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. An IPA thus indicates the spatial scale and temporal variation of wave-particle interactions in the magnetosphere. In this study, a unique event of simultaneous ground and magnetospheric satellite observations of two IPAs were conducted on March 16, 2015, using an all-sky imager at Athabasca, Canada and Van Allen Probes. The Van Allen Probes observed two isolated EMIC waves with frequencies of ~1 and 0.4 Hz at L ≈ 5.0 when the satellite footprint crossed over the two IPAs. This suggests that the IPAs were caused by localized EMIC waves. Proton flux at 5–20 keV increased locally when the EMIC waves appeared. Electron flux at energies below ~500 eV also increased. Temperature anisotropy of the energetic protons was estimated at 1.5–2.5 over a wide L-value range of 3.0–5.2. Electron density gradually decreased from L = 3.5 to 5.4, suggesting that the EMIC wave at L ≈ 5.0 was located in the gradual plasmapause. From these observations, we conclude that the localized IPAs and associated EMIC waves took place because of localized enhancement of energetic proton flux and plasma density structure near the plasmapause. Furthermore, the magnetic field observed by the satellite showed small variation during the wave observation, indicating that the IPAs were accompanied by the weak field-aligned current.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Physical Behavior of Quantum Metamaterials (Final Report)

We are on the cusp of creating artificial quantum matter through engineered structures that mimic natural atoms and create new electronic and electromagnetic behavior not observed in nature. My objective is to explore new quantum states of matter through creation of engineered quantum meta-atoms and their arrangement into structures that create qualitatively new types of quantum coherent behavior, especially in terms of their interaction with electromagnetic fields. The technical approach involves assembly of superconducting quantum devices that are nominally identical and strongly interacting with each other, and with a bath of microwave photons, and measuring their emergent behavior through their electromagnetic response. The results will give fundamental insights into the nature of condensed matter and specific outcomes include investigation of proposed but un-realized states of matter, emergent quantum phenomena, and controlled super-radiant behavior.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Photoproduction of Mesons off Light Nuclei

During the last few years, a series of experiments has been done at the ELSA accelerator in Bonn with the Crystal Barrel/TAPS setup and at the MAMI accelerator in Mainz with the Crystal Ball/TAPS setup. Photoproduction of light mesons off the deuteron and {sup 3}He-nuclei has been studied in detail. We will report some of the most interesting results.A completely unexpected finding, is the pronounced structure in the excitation function of the {gamma}n {yields} n{eta} reaction around 1 GeV, which has no counterpart for the proton. Recent measurements at GRAAL, Sendai, ELSA [1] and MAMI estimate it's width below 50 MeV, which would be extremely narrow for a nucleon resonance at this excitation energy. In the experiment with the {sup 3}He target, special attention was given to the threshold behavior of the {gamma}He{sup 3} reactions in view of possible indications for the formation of (quasi-)bound {eta}-nucleus states, so-called {eta}-mesic nuclei. A very strong threshold enhancement of coherent {eta}-photoproduction off {sup 3}He was found. In a new experiment, this reaction was measured with much better statistical accuracy compared to an earlier experiment at MAMI-B using the TAPS detector [2].

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Near-field heat transfer between gold nanoparticle arrays

The radiative heat transfer between gold nanoparticle layers is presented using the coupled dipole method. Gold nanoparticles are modelled as effective electric and magnetic dipoles interacting via electromagnetic fluctuations. The effect of higher-order multipoles is implemented in the expression of electric polarizability to calculate the interactions at short distances. Our findings show that the near-field radiation reduces as the radius of the nanoparticles is increased. Also, the magnetic dipole contribution to the heat exchange becomes more important for larger particles. When one layer is displayed in parallel with respect to the other layer, the near-field heat transfer exhibits oscillatory-like features due to the influence of the individual nanostructures. Further details about the effect of the nanoparticles size are also discussed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Theoretical highlights on neutrino-nucleus interactions: current challenges

The present theoretical status of neutrino interactions in the few-GeV region is reviewed. Quasielastic scattering, pion production and their importance for neutrino oscillation studies are discussed, making emphasis on the open questions that arise in the comparison with new experimental data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

A measurement of double spin asymmetry A{sub LT} in semi-inclusive pion electroproduction on a transversely polarized {sup 3}He target

The double spin asymmetry A{sub LT} for {sup 3}He was measured for the first time at Jefferson Lab Hall A in the semi-inclusive {sup 3}He{up_arrow}({sup {yields}e},{pi}{sup +/-}X reactions, using a 6 GeV polarized electron beam on a transversely polarized {sup 3}He target. The produced charged pions were detected in coincidence with the scattered electrons by the high-resolution spectrometer and the BigBite spectrometer, respectively. The kinematic coverage was focused on the valence quark region, x {approx} 0.13-0.41, Q{sup 2}{approx} 1.31-3.10 (GeV/c){sup 2}. When combined with the world data, this new data will provide constraints on the g{sub 1T}{sup q} distribution functions, which describe the longitudinal polarization of quarks in a transversely polarized nucleon. The status of the current analysis and the preliminary results are presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Regge-plus-resonance predictions for neutral-kaon photoproduction from the deuteron

We present a Regge-inspired effective-Lagrangian framework for neutral-kaon photo-production from the deuteron. Quasi-free kaon production is investigated using the Regge-plus-resonance elementary operator within the relativistic plane-wave impulse approximation. The Regge-plus-resonance model was developed to describe photoinduced and electroinduced charged-kaon production off protons. We show how this elementary operator can be transformed to account for the production of neutral kaons from both protons and neutrons. Our results compare favourably to the sole {sup 2}H({gamma},K{sup 0})YN dataset published to date.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Hyperon forward spin polarizabilty {gamma}{sub 0}

We present the results of a systematic leading-order calculation of hyperon Compton scattering and extract the forward spin polarizability--{gamma}{sub 0}--of hyperons within the framework of SU(3) heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory (HBChPT). The results obtained for {gamma}{sub 0} in the case of nucleons agree with that of the known results of SU(2) HBChPT when kaon loops are not considered.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Kinetic theory of the electron bounce instability in two dimensional current sheets—Full electromagnetic treatment

In the general context of understanding the possible destabilization of a current sheet with applications to magnetospheric substorms or solar flares, a kinetic model is proposed for studying the resonant interaction between electromagnetic fluctuations and trapped bouncing electrons in a 2D current sheet. Tur et al. [A. Tur et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 102905 (2010)] and Fruit et al. [G. Fruit et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 022113 (2013)] already used this model to investigate the possibilities of electrostatic instabilities. Here, the model is completed for full electromagnetic perturbations. Starting with a modified Harris sheet as equilibrium state, the linearized gyrokinetic Vlasov equation is solved for electromagnetic fluctuations with period of the order of the electron bounce period. The particle motion is restricted to its first Fourier component along the magnetic field and this allows the complete time integration of the non local perturbed distribution functions. The dispersion relation for electromagnetic modes is finally obtained through the quasineutrality condition and the Ampere's law for the current density. It is found that for mildly strechted current, undamped modes oscillate at typical electron bounce frequency with wavelength of the order of the plasma sheet half thickness. As the stretching of the plasma sheet becomes more intense, the frequency of these normal modes decreases and beyond a certain threshold in ε = B{sub z}/B{sub lobes}, the mode becomes explosive with typical growth rate of a few tens of seconds. The free energy contained in the bouncing motion of the electrons may trigger an electromagnetic instability able to disrupt the cross-tail current in a few seconds. This new instability–electromagnetic electron-bounce instability–may explain fast and global scale destabilization of current sheets as required to describe substorm phenomena.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗