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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

First Penning trap mass measurement of 36 Ca

Background: Isobaric quintets provide the best test of the isobaric multiplet mass equation (IMME) and can uniquely identify higher order corrections suggestive of isospin symmetry breaking effects in the nuclear Hamilto nian. The Generalized IMME (GIMME) is a novel microscopic interaction theory that predicts an extension to the quadratic form of the IMME. Only the A = 20, 32 T = 2 quintets have the exotic T z = –2 member ground state mass determined to high-precision by Penning trap mass spectrometry. Purpose: To establish A = 36 as the third high-precision T = 2 isobaric quintet with the T z = –2 member ground state mass measured by Penning trap mass spectrometry and provide the first test of the predictive power of the GIMME. Method: Here, a radioactive beam of neutron-deficient 36 Ca was produced by projectile fragmentation at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. The beam was thermalized and the mass of 36 Ca + and 36 Ca 2+ measured by the Time of Flight - Ion Cyclotron Resonance method in the LEBIT 9.4 T Penning trap. Results: We measure the mass excess of 36 Ca to be ME= –6483.6(56) keV, an improvement in precision by a factor of 6 over the literature value. The new datum is considered together with evaluated nuclear data on the A = 36, T = 2 quintet. We find agreement with the quadratic form of the IMME given by isospin symmetry, but only coarse qualitative agreement with predictions of the GIMME. Conclusion: A total of three isobaric quintets have their most exotic members measured by Penning trap mass spectrometry. The GIMME predictions in the T = 2 quintet appear to break down for A = 32 and greater.

20 ≤ A ≤ 38↗
DOE OSTI2023

Description of the multinucleon transfer mechanism for Ca 48 + Pu 244 and Kr 86 + Pt 198 reactions in a quantal transport approach

Multinucleon transfer (MNT) reactions involving heavy projectile and target combinations stand as a promising method for synthesizing new neutron-rich exotic nuclei, which may not be possible using hot or cold fusion reactions or fragmentation. Exploring the mechanisms behind MNT reactions is essential and it requires a comprehensive theoretical framework that can explain the physical observables in these reactions. This work aims to show that the quantal diffusion approach based on the stochastic mean-field (SMF) theory is capable of explaining the reaction dynamics observed in MNT reactions. Primary product mass distributions in 48 Ca + 244 Pu reaction at E c.m. = 203.2 MeV and 86 Kr + 198 Pt reaction at E c.m. = 324.2 MeV are calculated and compared with the available experimental data. In this work, we utilize the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) calculations to analyze the mean-field reaction dynamics computationally in the reactions 48 Ca + 244 Pu and 86 Kr + 198 Pt for a broad range of initial angular momenta. Quantal transport description based on the SMF approach is used to calculate quantal diffusion coefficients and mass variances in 48 Ca + 244 Pu and 86 Kr + 198 Pt systems. The primary products arising from quasifission reactions are described by joint probability distribution in the SMF approach and those arising from fusion-fission are estimated by using the statistical deexcitation code gemini + +. Mean values of charge and mass numbers, scattering angles of the primary reaction products, and the total kinetic energies after the collision are calculated within the TDHF framework for a broad range of initial angular momenta. Throughout all the collisions, drift toward the mass symmetry and large mass dispersion associated with this drift are observed. Here, the calculated primary fragment and mass distributions using the SMF approach successfully explain experimental observations for the 48 Ca + 244 Pu and 86 Kr + 198 Pt systems. The primary mass distributions, mean values of binary products, and mass dispersions are determined and results are compared with the available experimental data. The observed agreement between the experimental data and SMF results highlights the effectiveness of the quantal diffusion mechanism based on the SMF approach, which does not include any adjustable parameters other than standard parameters of Skyrme energy density functional.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Coupled-Cluster Calculations of Neutrinoless Double- β Decay in Ca 48

We use coupled-cluster theory and nuclear interactions from chiral effective field theory to compute the nuclear matrix element for the neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay of $^{48}$Ca. Benchmarks with the no-core shell model in several light nuclei inform us about the accuracy of our approach. For $^{48}$Ca we find a relatively small matrix element. We also compute the nuclear matrix element for the two-neutrino double-$\beta$ decay of $^{48}$Ca with a quenching factor deduced from two-body currents in recent ab initio calculation of the Ikeda sum rule in $^{48}$Ca [Gysbers et al., Nat. Phys. 15, 428 (2019)].

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Crystalline Silicotitanate Batch Contact Testing with Ba, Ca, Pb, and Sr

Washington River Protection Solutions is working to support initial production of immobilized low-activity waste (LAW) by feeding Hanford tank supernate from tank farms to the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) LAW Facility. This goal incorporates the design of a Tank Side Cesium Removal system, which filters tank waste supernate to remove suspended solids and then removes Cs by processing it through crystalline silicotitanate (CST) ion exchange media manufactured by Honeywell UOP, LLC. The 137 Cs-depleted product is intended to be sent to the WTP for vitrification. Processing of actual tank waste supernate showed effectively complete uptake of Sr and Ba by CST and significant uptake of Ca. Further, Campbell et al. (2019) analyzed CST post-column testing and found significant (>1E-2 mmoles/g) uptake of Ca and Pb along with some Ba, Cd, Fe, Sr, and U. This led to concern that selected metals, particularly the +2 cations, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Pb may be consuming Cs exchange sites and possibly reducing CST capacity for Cs. Exchange of +2 cations was assumed to be associated with the M(OH) + species for the metal (M) ion in the caustic solution. A series of batch contact testing was conducted to evaluate the exchange behavior of Ba, Ca, Pb, and Sr onto CST. The Cs exchange behavior was also tested as a benchmark for direct comparisons. The CST was provided in the sodium form by Honeywell UOP, as IONSIV TM R9140-B, Lot 2002009604, 18 x 50 mesh. A <30-mesh aliquot was collected to match the sieve fraction expected for use in upcoming small column test configurations. Kinetic exchange rate and isotherms were measured at metal concentrations benchmarked from the AP-107 tank waste feed composition and as limited by the metal solubility in the alkaline solution. Two simplified matrices were tested: 1) 1.0 M NaOH/4.6 M NaNO 3 and 2) 0.1 M NaOH/5.5 M NaNO 3 ; these matrices represented the expected 5.6 M Na concentration of process feed and served to address the hydroxide concentration effect on exchange behavior.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(GaSe2)2 by Materials Project

CaGa2Se4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fddd space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se2- atoms. There are four shorter (3.16 Å) and four longer (3.21 Å) Ca–Se bond lengths. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se2- atoms. There are four shorter (3.14 Å) and four longer (3.22 Å) Ca–Se bond lengths. In the third Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Se bond distances ranging from 3.15–3.23 Å. There are two inequivalent Ga3+ sites. In the first Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Se2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing GaSe4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ga–Se bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.46 Å. In the second Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Se2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing GaSe4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ga–Se bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.47 Å. There are four inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two equivalent Ga3+ atoms. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two equivalent Ga3+ atoms. In the third Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to two Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeCa2Ga2 trigonal pyramids. In the fourth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to two Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SeCa2Ga2 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(AlS2)2 by Materials Project

CaAl2S4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fddd space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight S2- atoms. There are six shorter (3.03 Å) and two longer (3.07 Å) Ca–S bond lengths. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight S2- atoms. There are four shorter (3.03 Å) and four longer (3.06 Å) Ca–S bond lengths. In the third Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight S2- atoms. There are four shorter (3.03 Å) and four longer (3.05 Å) Ca–S bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Al3+ sites. In the first Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing AlS4 tetrahedra. There are one shorter (2.25 Å) and three longer (2.28 Å) Al–S bond lengths. In the second Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing AlS4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Al–S bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.28 Å. There are four inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two Al3+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two equivalent Al3+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two equivalent Al3+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two Al3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(GaS2)2 by Materials Project

CaGa2S4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fddd space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight S2- atoms. There are four shorter (3.03 Å) and four longer (3.06 Å) Ca–S bond lengths. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight S2- atoms. There are four shorter (3.01 Å) and four longer (3.08 Å) Ca–S bond lengths. In the third Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight S2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–S bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.09 Å. There are two inequivalent Ga3+ sites. In the first Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing GaS4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ga–S bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.32 Å. In the second Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing GaS4 tetrahedra. There are one shorter (2.27 Å) and three longer (2.32 Å) Ga–S bond lengths. There are four inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded to two Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SCa2Ga2 trigonal pyramids. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two equivalent Ga3+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two equivalent Ga3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(MnGe)2 by Materials Project

CaMn2Ge2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ca is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Ge atoms. All Ca–Ge bond lengths are 3.14 Å. Mn is bonded to four equivalent Ge atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MnGe4 tetrahedra. All Mn–Ge bond lengths are 2.44 Å. Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Ca, four equivalent Mn, and one Ge atom. The Ge–Ge bond length is 2.73 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(HO)2 by Materials Project

Ca(OH)2 crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Ca(OH)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Ca2+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form edge-sharing CaO6 octahedra. All Ca–O bond lengths are 2.39 Å. H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three equivalent Ca2+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(AuF6)2 by Materials Project

Ca(AuF6)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P-4m2 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Ca(AuF6)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Ca2+ is bonded to twelve F1- atoms to form distorted CaF12 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent CaF12 cuboctahedra and faces with four equivalent AuF6 octahedra. There are eight shorter (2.58 Å) and four longer (2.87 Å) Ca–F bond lengths. Au5+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form AuF6 octahedra that share faces with two equivalent CaF12 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Au–F bond distances ranging from 1.93–1.96 Å. There are three inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Ca2+ and one Au5+ atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Au5+ atom. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ca2+ and one Au5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(MgBi)2 by Materials Project

CaMg2Bi2 crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ca is bonded to six equivalent Bi atoms to form CaBi6 octahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent MgBi4 tetrahedra, edges with six equivalent CaBi6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent MgBi4 tetrahedra. All Ca–Bi bond lengths are 3.33 Å. Mg is bonded to four equivalent Bi atoms to form MgBi4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent CaBi6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent MgBi4 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent CaBi6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent MgBi4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 13–56°. There are three shorter (2.96 Å) and one longer (3.01 Å) Mg–Bi bond lengths. Bi is bonded to three equivalent Ca and four equivalent Mg atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing BiCa3Mg4 pentagonal bipyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(AlGe)2 by Materials Project

CaAl2Ge2 crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ca is bonded to six equivalent Ge atoms to form CaGe6 octahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent AlGe4 tetrahedra, edges with six equivalent CaGe6 octahedra, and edges with six equivalent AlGe4 tetrahedra. All Ca–Ge bond lengths are 3.06 Å. Al is bonded to four equivalent Ge atoms to form AlGe4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent CaGe6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent AlGe4 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent CaGe6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent AlGe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 19–53°. There are three shorter (2.56 Å) and one longer (2.65 Å) Al–Ge bond lengths. Ge is bonded to three equivalent Ca and four equivalent Al atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing GeCa3Al4 pentagonal bipyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(BO2)2 by Materials Project

CaB2O4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pna2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.92 Å. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.97 Å. In the third Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.70 Å. There are six inequivalent B3+ sites. In the first B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.45–1.57 Å. In the second B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.46–1.52 Å. In the third B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.46–1.54 Å. In the fourth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.35–1.45 Å. In the fifth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.39 Å. In the sixth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.45–1.56 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and one B3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted tetrahedral geometry to three Ca2+ and one B3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Ca2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Ca2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Ca2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Ca2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Ca2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Ca2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Ca2+ and two B3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(PO3)2 by Materials Project

Ca(PO3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.76 Å. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.73 Å. There are four inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.62 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.62 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing PO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.51 Å) and two longer (1.60 Å) P–O bond length. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ca2+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ca2+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ca2+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ca2+ and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(HO)2 by Materials Project

Ca(OH)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Ca(OH)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Ca2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing CaO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.41 Å. There are two inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three equivalent Ca2+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three equivalent Ca2+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(HO)2 by Materials Project

Ca(OH)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ca2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to two equivalent H1+ and seven O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.44 Å) and one longer (2.62 Å) Ca–H bond lengths. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.64 Å. There are two inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Ca2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three equivalent Ca2+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four equivalent Ca2+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(La2Se3)4 by Materials Project

Ca(La2Se3)4 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with eight LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, and faces with eight LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Ca–Se bond distances ranging from 3.01–3.29 Å. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with eight LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, and faces with eight LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Ca–Se bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.28 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent La+2.75+ sites. In the first La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, corners with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, edges with three LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, a faceface with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, and faces with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.27 Å. In the second La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with two CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, corners with six LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, a faceface with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, and faces with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.26 Å. In the third La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, corners with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, edges with three LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, a faceface with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, and faces with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.25 Å. In the fourth La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with two CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, corners with six LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, a faceface with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, and faces with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.26 Å. In the fifth La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with eight LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with two LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, and faces with eight LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.26 Å. In the sixth La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, corners with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, a faceface with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, and faces with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.03–3.25 Å. In the seventh La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with eight LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, faces with two CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, and faces with six LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.28 Å. In the eighth La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, corners with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, a faceface with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, and faces with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.29 Å. In the ninth La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with eight LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with two LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, and faces with eight LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.25 Å. In the tenth La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with two CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, corners with six LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, a faceface with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, and faces with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.28 Å. In the eleventh La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, corners with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, edges with three LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, a faceface with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, and faces with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.29 Å. In the twelfth La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with two CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, corners with six LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, a faceface with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, and faces with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.03–3.27 Å. In the thirteenth La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, corners with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, a faceface with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, and faces with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.27 Å. In the fourteenth La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share corners with eight LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, faces with two CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, and faces with six LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.26 Å. In the fifteenth La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, corners with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, edges with four LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, a faceface with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, and faces with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.26 Å. In the sixteenth La+2.75+ site, La+2.75+ is bonded to eight Se2- atoms to form distorted LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, corners with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, edges with three LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids, a faceface with one CaSe8 hexagonal bipyramid, and faces with seven LaSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are a spread of La–Se bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.26 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to six La+2.75+ atoms to form distorted SeLa6 octahedra that share corners with fifteen SeCaLa5 octahedra, edges with six SeLa6 octahedra, and faces with five SeLa6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–51°. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five La+2.75+ atoms to form distorted SeCaLa5 octahedra that share corners with fifteen SeCaLa5 octahedra, edges with six SeLa6 octahedra, and faces with five SeCaLa5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–50°. In the third Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five La+2.75+ atoms to form distorted SeCaLa5 octahedra that share corners with fifteen SeCaLa5 octahedra, edges with six SeLa6 octahedra, and faces with five SeCaLa5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–51°. In the fourth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five La+2.75+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing SeCaLa5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–51°. In the fifth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to six La+2.75+ atoms to form distorted SeLa6 octahedra that share corners with fifteen SeCaLa5 octahedra, edges with six SeCaLa5 octahedra, and faces with five SeLa6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–51°. In the sixth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five La+2.75+ atoms to form distorted SeCaLa5 octahedra that share corners with fifteen SeCaLa5 octahedra, edges with six SeCaLa5 octahedra, and faces with five SeLa6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–51°. In the seventh Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five La+2.75+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing SeCaLa5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–51°. In the eighth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five La+2.75+ atoms to form distorted SeCaLa5 octahedra that share corners with fifteen SeLa6 octahedra, edges with six SeLa6 octahedra, and faces with five SeCaLa5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–51°. In the ninth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five La+2.75+ atoms to form distorted SeCaLa5 octahedra that share corners with fifteen SeCaLa5 octahedra, edges with six SeLa6 octahedra, and faces with five SeCaLa5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–50°. In the tenth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five La+2.75+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing SeCaLa5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–51°. In the eleventh Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to six La+2.75+ atoms to form distorted SeLa6 octahedra that share corners with fifteen SeCaLa5 octahedra, edges with six SeCaLa5 octahedra, and faces with five SeLa6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–51°. In the twelfth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five La+2.75+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing SeCaLa5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–50°. In the thirteenth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five La+2.75+ atoms to form distorted SeCaLa5 octahedra that share corners with fifteen SeCaLa5 octahedra, edges with six SeCaLa5 octahedra, and faces with five SeLa6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 18–51°. In the fourteenth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to six La+2.75+ atoms to form distorted SeLa6 octahedra that share corners with fifteen SeCaLa5 octahedra, edges with six SeCaLa5 octahedra, and faces with five SeLa6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–51°. In the fifteenth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five La+2.75+ atoms to form distorted SeCaLa5 octahedra that share corners with fifteen SeLa6 octahedra, edges with six SeCaLa5 octahedra, and faces with five SeCaLa5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 16–51°. In the sixteenth Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to one Ca2+ and five La+2.75+ atoms to form distorted SeCaLa5 octahedra that share corners with fifteen SeLa6 octahedra, edges with six SeLa6 octa

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca(Ga3Te5)2 by Materials Project

Ca(Ga3Te5)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form distorted CaTe6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CaTe6 octahedra, corners with four GaTe4 tetrahedra, and edges with four GaTe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–24°. There are a spread of Ca–Te bond distances ranging from 3.22–3.37 Å. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form distorted CaTe6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent CaTe6 octahedra, corners with four GaTe4 tetrahedra, and edges with four GaTe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–24°. There are a spread of Ca–Te bond distances ranging from 3.22–3.36 Å. There are twelve inequivalent Ga3+ sites. In the first Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CaTe6 octahedra, corners with four GaTe4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one CaTe6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one GaTe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 60°. There are a spread of Ga–Te bond distances ranging from 2.64–2.69 Å. In the second Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CaTe6 octahedra and corners with six GaTe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 69°. There are a spread of Ga–Te bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.73 Å. In the third Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with six GaTe4 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one CaTe6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ga–Te bond distances ranging from 2.65–2.73 Å. In the fourth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four GaTe4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one CaTe6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one GaTe4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ga–Te bond distances ranging from 2.63–2.72 Å. In the fifth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CaTe6 octahedra, corners with four GaTe4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one GaTe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 58°. There are a spread of Ga–Te bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.74 Å. In the sixth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CaTe6 octahedra, corners with four GaTe4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one GaTe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 58°. There are a spread of Ga–Te bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.74 Å. In the seventh Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CaTe6 octahedra, corners with six GaTe4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one CaTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 69°. There are a spread of Ga–Te bond distances ranging from 2.65–2.71 Å. In the eighth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CaTe6 octahedra and corners with six GaTe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 69°. There are a spread of Ga–Te bond distances ranging from 2.61–2.73 Å. In the ninth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CaTe6 octahedra, corners with six GaTe4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one CaTe6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 69°. There are a spread of Ga–Te bond distances ranging from 2.65–2.71 Å. In the tenth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with six GaTe4 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one CaTe6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ga–Te bond distances ranging from 2.65–2.73 Å. In the eleventh Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share corners with four GaTe4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one CaTe6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one GaTe4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ga–Te bond distances ranging from 2.63–2.72 Å. In the twelfth Ga3+ site, Ga3+ is bonded to four Te2- atoms to form GaTe4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CaTe6 octahedra, corners with four GaTe4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one CaTe6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one GaTe4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 60°. There are a spread of Ga–Te bond distances ranging from 2.64–2.69 Å. There are twenty inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Ga3+ atoms. In the third Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Ga3+ atoms. In the fourth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the fifth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the sixth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two Ga3+ atoms. In the seventh Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Ga3+ atoms. In the eighth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Ga3+ atoms. In the ninth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two Ga3+ atoms. In the tenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the eleventh Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Ga3+ atoms. In the twelfth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the thirteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the fourteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Ga3+ atoms. In the fifteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the sixteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Ga3+ atoms. In the seventeenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the eighteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms. In the nineteenth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Ga3+ atoms. In the twentieth Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+ and two Ga3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗