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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Effects of baryonic feedback on the cosmic web

Here, we study the effect of baryons on the cosmic web—halos, filaments, walls, and voids. To do so, we apply a modified version of NEXUS, a cosmic web morphological analysis algorithm, to the IllustrisTNG simulations. We find that halos lose more than 10% of their mass due to baryons, mostly to filaments and a small portion to walls and voids. However, the mass transfer does not significantly shift the boundaries of structures, leaving the volume fractions of the cosmic structures largely unaffected. We quantify the effects of baryonic feedback on the power spectrum and the probability density function of the density field for individual cosmic structures. For the power spectrum, most suppression due to feedback can be accounted for by including M ≥ 10 12 M ⊙ /h halos, without considering other cosmic structures. However, when examining the probability density function of the density field, we find nearly 100% suppression of the emptiest regions and 10%-level effects (boost or suppression) in the remaining regions of filaments, walls, and voids. Our results indicate the importance of modeling the effects of baryons in the whole cosmic web, not just halos, for cosmological analysis beyond two-point statistics or field-based inferences.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Dynamical generation of the baryon asymmetry from a scale hierarchy

We propose a novel baryogenesis scenario where the baryon asymmetry originates directly from a hierarchy between two fundamental mass scales: the electroweak scale v and the Planck scale M P , in the form of Y B ∼ v M P . This relation straightforwardly gives the observed baryon yield today Y B , which can be a hint for underlying fundamental physics. We provide an example of baryogenesis models that yield this relation. Our model is based on the neutrino-portal Affleck-Dine mechanism, which generates the asymmetry of the Affleck-Dine sector during the radiation-dominated era and subsequently transfers it to the baryon number before the electroweak phase transition. The observed baryon asymmetry is then a natural outcome of this scenario. The model is testable as it predicts the existence of a Majoron with a keV mass and an electroweak scale decay constant. The impact of the relic Majoron on the effective number of neutrinos ( Δ N eff ) can be measured through near-future cosmic microwave background observations. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Noble dark matter: Surprising elusiveness of dark baryons

Dark matter could be a baryonic composite of stronglyc upled constituents transforming under SU⁡(2) 𝐿 . We classify the SU⁡(2) 𝐿 representations of baryons in a class of simple confining dark sectors and find that the lightest state can be a pure singlet or a singlet that mixes with other neutral components of SU⁡(2) 𝐿 representations, which strongly suppresses the dark matter candidate’s interactions with the Standard Model. We focus on models with a confining SU⁡(𝑁 𝑐 ) and heavy dark quarks constituting vectorlike 𝑁 𝑓 -plet of SU⁢(2) 𝐿 . For benchmark 𝑁 𝑐 and 𝑁 𝑓 , we calculate baryon mass spectra, incorporating electroweak gauge boson exchange in the nonrelativistic quark model, and demonstrate that above TeV mass scales, dark matter is dominantly a singlet state. The combination of this singlet nature with the recently discovered ℋ-parity results in an inert state analogous to noble gases, hence we coin the term noble dark matter. Our results can be understood in the nonrelativistic effective theory that treats the dark baryons as elementary states, where we find singlets accompanying triplets, 5-plets, or more exotic representations. This generalization of WIMP-like theories is more difficult to find or rule out than dark matter models that include only a single SU⁡(2) 𝐿 multiplet (such as a wino), motivating new searches in colliders and a reanalysis of direct and indirect detection prospects in astrophysical observations.

dark matter direct detection↗
DOE OSTI2025

Direct detection of dark baryons naturally suppressed by ℋ-parity

We identify symmetries in a broad class of vectorlike confining dark sectors that forbid the leading electromagnetic moments that would ordinarily mediate dark baryon scattering with the Standard Model. The absence of these operators implies dark baryon dark matter has much smaller cross sections for elastic scattering off nuclei, leading to suppressed direct detection signals. In the confined description, we identify an “ℋ-parity” symmetry that exists in any dark sector with dark quarks transforming under a vectorlike representation of a new confining SU(𝑁 𝑐 ) gauge theory as well as a vectorlike representation of the electroweak group SU⁡(2) 𝐿 . The parity is independent of 𝑁 𝑐 and 𝑁 𝑓 , though it is essential that the dark quarks are neutral under hypercharge. This parity forbids dark hadron electric and magnetic dipole moments, charge radius, and anapole moment, while permitting dimension-7 operators that include polarizability, electroweak loop-induced interactions, and lower-dimensional electromagnetic transition moments between different neutral dark baryon states. We work out an explicit example, 𝑁 𝑐 = 𝑁 𝑓 = 3, that is the most minimal theory with fermionic dark baryons. In this specific model, we use the nonrelativistic quark model to show the magnetic dipole moment and charge radius vanish, while the transition moments are nonzero, consistent with ℋ-parity. We discuss the implications of a suppressed direct detection signal, emphasizing that this broad class of models provide a well-motivated target for future colliders.

composite models↗
DOE OSTI2014

Constraining dark matter-baryon scattering with linear cosmology

Here, we derive constraints on elastic scattering between baryons and dark matter using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from the Planck satellite and the Lyman- α forest data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Elastic scattering provides baryons and dark matter to exchange momentum, affecting the dynamics of linear density perturbations in the early universe. We derive constraints to scattering cross sections of the form σ ∝ v n , allowing for a wide range of velocity dependencies with - 4 ≤ n ≤ 2 . We improve and correct previous estimates where they exist, including velocity-independent cross section as well as dark matter millicharge and electromagnetic dipole moments. Lyman- α forest data dominate the constraints for n > - 3 , where the improvement over CMB data alone can be several orders of magnitude. Dark matter-baryon scattering cannot affect the halo mass function on mass scales M > 10 12 M ⊙ . Our results imply, model independently, that a baryon in the halo of a galaxy like our own Milky Way does not scatter from dark matter particles during the age of the galaxy.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Study of decuplet baryon resonances from lattice QCD

Here, a lattice QCD study of the strong decay width and coupling constant of decuplet baryons to an octet baryon-pion state is presented. The transfer matrix method is used to obtain the overlap of lattice states with decuplet baryon quantum numbers on the one hand and octet baryon-pion quantum numbers on the other as an approximation of the matrix element of the corresponding transition. By making use of leading-order effective field theory, the coupling constants as well as the widths for the various decay channels are determined. The transitions studied are Δ → π N , Σ* → Λπ, Σ* → Σπ and Ξ* → Ξπ. We obtain results for two ensembles of N f = 2 + 1 dynamical fermion configurations: one using domain wall valence quarks on a staggered sea at a pion mass of 350 MeVand a box size of 3.4 fm and a second one using domain wall sea and valence quarks at pion mass 180 MeV and box size 4.5 fm.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Poincaré-covariant analysis of heavy-quark baryons

We use a symmetry-preserving truncation of meson and baryon bound-state equations in quantum field theory in order to develop a unified description of systems constituted from light and heavy quarks. In particular, we compute the spectrum and leptonic decay constants of ground-state pseudoscalar and vector mesons: q'(q) over bar, Q'(Q) over bar, with q', q = u, d, s and Q', Q = c, b, and the masses of J P = 3/2 + baryons and their first positive-parity excitations, including those containing one or more heavy quarks. This Poincare covariant analysis predicts that such baryons have a complicated angular momentum structure. For instance, the ground states are all primarily S wave in character, but each possesses P -, D - and F -wave components, with the P -wave fraction being large in the qqq states, and the first positive-parity excitation in each channel having a large D -wave component, which grows with increasing current-quark mass, but also exhibits features consistent with a radial excitation. In conclusion, the configuration space extent of all such baryons decreases as the mass of the valence-quark constituents increases.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Search for Baryon-Number Violating Ξ b 0 Oscillations

A search for baryon-number violating Ξ 0 b oscillations is performed with a sample of pp collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb -1 . The baryon number at the moment of production is identified by requiring that the Ξ 0 b come from the decay of a resonance Ξ* b - → Ξ 0 b π - or Ξ' b - → Ξ 0 b π - , and the baryon number at the moment of decay is identified from the final state using the decays Ξ 0 b → Ξ + c π - , Ξ + c → pK - π + . No evidence of baryon-number violation is found, and an upper limit at the 95% confidence level is set on the oscillation rate of ω < 0.08 ps -1 , where ω is the associated angular frequency.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Pion-nucleon scattering in baryon chiral perturbation theory combined with the 1/𝑁 𝑐 expansion

This work implements the combined baryon chiral perturbation theory (BChPT) and 1/𝑁 𝑐 expansions for pion-nucleon elastic scattering. The effective theory is based on the baryon sector dynamical spin-flavor 𝑆⁢𝑈⁡(4) symmetry emergent in the large 𝑁 𝑐 limit, whose breaking is controlled by the 1/𝑁 𝑐 expansion. The noncommutativity of the chiral and 1/𝑁 𝑐 expansions in unitarity corrections (loops) requires a linking of both expansions. As it was shown in the case of baryon masses and currents, the natural linking is the 𝜉 expansion, in which 𝒪⁡(𝑝) = 𝒪⁡(1/𝑁 𝑐 ) = 𝒪⁡(𝜉). The spin-flavor symmetry requires that the ground state baryons span an 𝑆⁢𝑈⁡(4) symmetric irreducible representation which implies that in particular 𝑁 and Δ are active degrees of freedom in the effective theory. The scattering amplitude is expanded to the next-to-next-to leading order in the 𝜉 expansion, corresponding to the one-loop contributions with the leading-order Lagrangian. The results are given for generic 𝑁 𝑐 in order to demonstrate the consistency of the framework. The spin-flavor symmetry plays a central role in maintaining the consistency of the effective theory with respect to the 1/𝑁 𝑐 expansion. This consistency manifests itself in an improvement in the convergence of the low energy expansion with respect to the case of the ordinary BChPT without an explicit dynamical Δ, which is known to be inconsistent with the constraints of 𝑁 𝑐 scaling. Fits to the 𝜋⁢𝑁 → 𝜋⁢𝑁, 𝑆, 𝑃, and 𝐷 partial wave amplitudes from the SAID data base are finally used to test the framework and to determine the energy range of its applicability.

Jayakodige, D. [Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United↗
DOE OSTI2025

Parametric coincidence in the baryon to dark matter ratio from Affleck-Dine baryogenesis and UV freeze-in dark matter

We highlight that the observed concurrence between the baryon and dark matter relic densities can be explained via a parametric coincidence between two distinct production mechanisms: Affleck-Dine baryogenesis and dark matter UV freeze-in. In the Affleck-Dine mechanism, the baryon asymmetry is naturally proportional to the inflationary reheating temperature 𝑇 rh , which also plays a critical role in setting the relic abundance of UV freeze-in dark matter. Since Affleck-Dine baryogenesis requires flat directions in the potential, the framework is inherently supersymmetric, offering compelling UV freeze-in dark matter candidates such as the gravitino. We outline scenarios in which 𝑇 rh simultaneously determines both relic abundances, resulting in a baryon-to-dark matter ratio of order unity that is largely insensitive to 𝑇 rh . We also discuss the conditions required to avoid Q-ball formation or dark matter production by other mechanisms, such as next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle decays, to preserve the parametric coincidence between baryon and dark matter abundances.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Feynman scaling violation on baryon spectra in pp collisions at LHC and cosmic ray energies

A significant asymmetry in baryon/antibaryon yields in the central region of high energy collisions is observed when the initial state has nonzero baryon charge. This asymmetry is connected with the possibility of baryon charge diffusion in rapidity space. Such a diffusion should decrease the baryon charge in the fragmentation region and translate into the corresponding decrease of the multiplicity of leading baryons. As a result, a new mechanism for Feynman scaling violation in the fragmentation region is obtained. Another numerically more significant reason for the Feynman scaling violation comes from the fact that the average number of cut Pomerons increases with initial energy. We present the quantitative predictions of the Quark-Gluon String Model for the Feynman scaling violation at LHC energies and at even higher energies that can be important for cosmic ray physics.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Baryonic contributions to the dilepton spectra in relativistic heavy ion collisions

We investigate the baryonic contributions to the dilepton yield in high energy heavy ion collisions within the context of a transport model. The relative contribution of the baryonic and mesonic sources are examined. It is observed that most dominant among the baryonic channels is the decay of N*(1520) and mostly confined in the region below the rho peak. In a transport theory implementation we find the baryonic contribution to the lepton pair yield to be small.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Modeling the Impact of Baryons on Subhalo Populations with Machine Learning

Here, we identify subhalos in dark matter–only (DMO) zoom-in simulations that are likely to be disrupted due to baryonic effects by using a random forest classifier trained on two hydrodynamic simulations of Milky Way (MW)–mass host halos from the Latte suite of the Feedback in Realistic Environments (FIRE) project. We train our classifier using five properties of each disrupted and surviving subhalo: pericentric distance and scale factor at first pericentric passage after accretion and scale factor, virial mass, and maximum circular velocity at accretion. Our five-property classifier identifies disrupted subhalos in the FIRE simulations with an 85% out-of-bag classification score. We predict surviving subhalo populations in DMO simulations of the FIRE host halos, finding excellent agreement with the hydrodynamic results; in particular, our classifier outperforms DMO zoom-in simulations that include the gravitational potential of the central galactic disk in each hydrodynamic simulation, indicating that it captures both the dynamical effects of a central disk and additional baryonic physics. We also predict surviving subhalo populations for a suite of DMO zoom-in simulations of MW-mass host halos, finding that baryons impact each system consistently and that the predicted amount of subhalo disruption is larger than the host-to-host scatter among the subhalo populations. Although the small size and specific baryonic physics prescription of our training set limits the generality of our results, our work suggests that machine-learning classification algorithms trained on hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations can efficiently predict realistic subhalo populations.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

The DREAMS Project: Disentangling the Impact of Halo-to-halo Variance and Baryonic Feedback on Milky Way Satellite Galaxies

We analyze the properties of satellite galaxies around 1024 Milky Way–mass hosts from the DREAMS Project, simulated within a ΛCDM cosmology. Utilizing the TNG galaxy-formation model, the DREAMS simulations incorporate both baryonic physics and cosmological uncertainties for a large sample of galaxies with diverse environments and formation histories. We investigate the relative impact of the physical uncertainty from the galaxy-formation model on predicted satellite properties using four metrics: the satellite stellar mass function, radial distribution, inner slope of the dark matter density profile, and stellar half-light radius. We compare these predictions to observations from the SAGA survey and the DREAMS N-body simulations and find that uncertainties from baryonic physics modeling are subdominant to the scatter arising from halo-to-halo variance. Where baryonic modeling does affect satellites, the supernova wind energy has the largest effect on the satellite properties that we investigate. Specifically, increased supernova wind energy suppresses the stellar mass of satellites and results in more extended stellar half-light radii. The adopted wind speed has only a minor impact, and other astrophysical and cosmological parameters show no measurable effect. Our findings highlight the robustness of satellite properties against uncertainties in baryonic physics modeling.

Rose, Jonah C. [Princeton University, NJ (United S↗
DOE OSTI2022

Measuring the Speed of Sound Using Cumulants of Baryon Number

Here, we show that the values of the first three cumulants of the baryon number distribution can be used to calculate the isothermal speed of sound and its logarithmic derivative with respect to the baryon-number density. We discuss applications of this result to heavy-ion collision experiments and address possible challenges, including effects due to baryon-number conservation, differences between proton and baryon cumulants, and the influence of finite-number statistics on fluctuation observables in both ex periment and hadronic transport simulations. In particular, we investigate the relation between quantities calculated in infinite, continuous matter, and observables obtained in simulations using a finite number of particles.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1990

Cosmological baryon and lepton number in the presence of electroweak fermion-number violation

In the presence of rapid fermion-number violation due to nonperturbative electroweak effects certain relations between the baryon number of the Universe and the lepton numbers of the Universe are predicted. In some cases the electron-neutrino asymmetry is exactly specified in terms of the baryon asymmetry. Without introducing new particles, beyond the usual quarks and leptons, it is necessary that the Universe possess a nonzero value of B - L prior to the epoch of fermion-number violation if baryon and lepton asymmetries are to survive. Contrary to intuition, even though electroweak processes violate B + L, a nonzero value of B + L persists after the epoch of rapid fermion-number violation. If the standard model is extended to include lepton-number violation, for example through Majorana neutrino masses, then electroweak processes will reduce the baryon number to zero even in the presence of an initial B - L unless 20 M(sub L) approximately greater than the square root of (T(sub B - L) m(sub P1)) where M(sub L) sets the scale of lepton number violation and T(sub B - L) is the temperature at which a B - L asymmetry is produced. In many models this implies that neutrinos must be so light that they cannot contribute appreciably to the mass density of the Universe.

Harvey, Jeffrey A.↗
DOE OSTI2013

Spectroscopy of doubly and triply-charmed baryons from lattice QCD

We present the ground and excited state spectra of doubly and triply-charmed baryons by using lattice QCD with dynamical clover fermions. A large set of baryonic operators that respect the symmetries of the lattice and are obtained after subduction from their continuum analogues are utilized. Using novel computational techniques correlation functions of these operators are generated and the variational method is exploited to extract excited states. The lattice spectra that we obtain have baryonic states with well-defined total spins up to 7/2 and the low lying states remarkably resemble the expectations of quantum numbers from SU(6) Ⓧ O(3) symmetry. Various energy splittings between the extracted states, including splittings due to hyperfine as well as spin-orbit coupling, are considered and those are also compared against similar energy splittings at other quark masses. Using those splittings for doubly-charmed baryons, and taking input of experimental Bc meson mass, we predict the mass splittings of B*c-Bc to be about 80 ± 8 MeV and mΩccb=8050±10 MeV.

Padmanath, M.↗
DOE OSTI2015

On Baryon-Antibaryon Cross Sections from Initial State Radiation Processes at BABAR and their Surprising Threshold Behavior

BABAR has measured with unprecedented accuracy the e + e - → pp-bar and e + e - → ΛΛ-bar cross sections by means of the initial state radiation technique, which has the advantages of good efficiency and energy resolution, and full angular acceptance in the threshold region. A striking feature of these cross sections is their non-vanishing values at threshold. In the case of charged baryons, the phenomenon is well understood in terms of the Coulomb interaction between the outgoing baryon and antibaryon. However, such an effect is not expected for neutral baryons. We suggest a simple explanation for both charged and neutral baryon pairs based on Coulomb interactions at the valence quark level.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗