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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

SU-E-T-754: Three-Dimensional Patient Modeling Using Photogrammetry for Collision Avoidance

Purpose: To evaluate photogrammetry for creating a three-dimensional patient model. Methods: A mannequin was configured on the couch of a CT scanner to simulate a patient setup using an indexed positioning device. A CT fiducial was placed on the indexed CT table-overlay at the reference index position. Two dimensional photogrammetry targets were placed on the table in known positions. A digital SLR camera was used to obtain 27 images from different positions around the CT table. The images were imported into a commercial photogrammetry package and a 3D model constructed. Each photogrammetry target was identified on 2 to 5 images. The CT DICOM metadata and the position of the CT fiducial were used to calculate the coordinates of the photogrammetry targets in the CT image frame of reference. The coordinates were transferred to the photogrammetry software to orient the 3D model. The mannequin setup was transferred to the treatment couch of a linear accelerator and positioned at isocenter using in-room lasers. The treatment couch coordinates were noted and compared with prediction. The collision free regions were measured over the full range of gantry and table motion and were compared with predictions obtained using a general purpose polygon interference algorithm. Results: The reconstructed 3D model consisted of 180000 triangles. The difference between the predicted and measured couch positions were 5 mm, 1 mm, and 1 mm for longitudinal, lateral, and vertical, respectively. The collision prediction tested 64620 gantry table combinations in 11.1 seconds. The accuracy was 96.5%, with false positive and negative results occurring at the boundaries of the collision space. Conclusion: Photogrammetry can be used as a tool for collision avoidance during treatment planning. The results indicate that a buffer zone is necessary to avoid false negatives at the boundary of the collision-free zone. Testing with human patients is underway. Research partially supported by a grant from Varian Medical Systems.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2003

Software for Building Models of 3D Objects via the Internet

The Virtual EDF Builder (where EDF signifies Electronic Development Fixture) is a computer program that facilitates the use of the Internet for building and displaying digital models of three-dimensional (3D) objects that ordinarily comprise assemblies of solid models created previously by use of computer-aided-design (CAD) programs. The Virtual EDF Builder resides on a Unix-based server computer. It is used in conjunction with a commercially available Web-based plug-in viewer program that runs on a client computer. The Virtual EDF Builder acts as a translator between the viewer program and a database stored on the server. The translation function includes the provision of uniform resource locator (URL) links to other Web-based computer systems and databases. The Virtual EDF builder can be used in two ways: (1) If the client computer is Unix-based, then it can assemble a model locally; the computational load is transferred from the server to the client computer. (2) Alternatively, the server can be made to build the model, in which case the server bears the computational load and the results are downloaded to the client computer or workstation upon completion.

Schramer, Tim↗
DOE OSTI2013

Negative thermal expansion correlated with polyhedral movements and distortions in orthorhombic Y{sub 2}Mo{sub 3}O{sub 12}

Graphical abstract: Our work confirms the negative thermal expansion (NTE) behavior of the orthorhombic Y{sub 2}Mo{sub 3}O{sub 12} in this range 0–1000 K. The orthorhombic Y{sub 2}Mo{sub 3}O{sub 12} has an open framework structure where MoO{sub 4} tetrahedra and YO{sub 6} octahedra are connected by oxygen atoms. The previous mechanisms for the NTE behavior of orthorhombic Y{sub 2}Mo{sub 3}O{sub 12} are that the translational mode (see (b)) of the O bridge atoms in Y-O-Mo linkages will cause the linkages to be bent, reducing the space between polyhedra and making the volumetric shrinkage. Furthermore, the internal polyhedral distortions have been reported experimentally. It is necessary to reveal the relationship between NTE and polyhedral movements, distortions. From the vibrational properties, we get that the different vibrational eigenvectors of oxygen atoms relative to Y or Mo atoms can lead internal polyhedra to distort unevenly (see (c)). Herein, an extended 3D model of the connected unit YO{sub 6}-MoO{sub 4} based on the Y-O-Mo linkage is proposed (see (a)). It presents a simultaneous dynamic process, i.e. the YO{sub 6} octahedra and MoO{sub 4} tetrahedra distort unevenly, along with both polyhedra being closer which makes the volumetric contraction. This model is helpful to improve the mechanisms of NTE and may be applied in the whole A{sub 2}M{sub 3}O{sub 12} family. - Highlights: • The NTE properties of Y{sub 2}Mo{sub 3}O{sub 12} are confirmed using a first-principles calculation. • The optical branch with the lowest frequency is most responsible for the NTE. • The relationship between NTE and polyhedral movements, distortions is elucidated. • An extended 3D model of the connected unit YO{sub 6}-MoO{sub 4} is proposed. - Abstract: The internal polyhedral distortions have been reported experimentally in orthorhombic Y{sub 2}Mo{sub 3}O{sub 12} as a negative thermal expansion (NTE) material. To reveal the relationship between NTE and polyhedral movements, distortions, the vibrational properties of Y{sub 2}Mo{sub 3}O{sub 12} have been studied using first-principles calculations. The lowest optical branch corresponding to translational mode of the O bridge atom in Y-O-Mo linkage has the largest negative Grüneisen parameter and therefore contributes most to the NTE behavior. The different vibrational eigenvectors of oxygen atoms relative to Y or Mo atoms can cause internal polyhedral to distort unevenly. Herein, an extended 3D model of the connected unit YO{sub 6}-MoO{sub 4} based on the Y-O-Mo linkage presents a simultaneous dynamic process, i.e. the YO{sub 6} octahedra and MoO{sub 4} tetrahedra distort unevenly, along with both polyhedra being closer which makes the volumetric contraction. This model is helpful to improve the mechanisms of NTE and may be applied in the whole A{sub 2}M{sub 3}O{sub 12} family.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Sandia MEMS Visualization Tools v. 3.0

This is a revision to the Sandia MEMS Visualization Tools. It replaces all previous versions. New features in this version: Support for AutoCAD 2014 and 2015 . This CD contains an integrated set of electronic files that: a) Provides a 2D Process Visualizer that generates cross-section images of devices constructed using the SUMMiT V fabrication process. b) Provides a 3D Visualizer that generates 3D images of devices constructed using the SUMMiT V fabrication process. c) Provides a MEMS 3D Model generator that creates 3D solid models of devices constructed using the SUMMiT V fabrication process. While there exists some files on the CD that are used in conjunction with software package AutoCAD , these files are not intended for use independent of the CD. Note that the customer must purchase his/her own copy of AutoCAD to use with these files.

Yarberry, Victor↗
DOE OSTI2024

Fabrication of 3D-printed copper based zinc anodes

The production of a porous copper-zinc structure includes providing copper ink, creating a 3D model of the porous copper-zinc structure, 3D printing the copper ink into a porous copper lattice structure using the 3D model, heat treatment of the porous copper lattice structure producing a heat treated porous copper lattice structure, surface modification of the heat treated porous copper lattice structure by nanowires growth on the heat treated porous copper lattice structure producing a heat treated porous copper lattice structure with nanowires, and electrodeposition of zinc onto the heat treated porous copper lattice structure with nanowires to produce the porous copper-zinc structure.

Zhu, Cheng↗
DOE OSTI2022

Understanding thermal and mechanical effects on lithium plating in lithium-ion batteries

Lithium plating is one of the main concerns for cell durability, as cyclable lithium and cell capacity are decreased during the process. Thermal and mechanical loads can influence cell behavior, including lithium plating driving forces, as suggested by the Arrhenius equation and the Bruggeman relation, respectively. Hence, a 1D and a 3D model are employed to study the thermal and mechanical effects on lithium plating in a lithium-ion battery with a high areal capacity (4 mAh/cm 2 ). The 1D model assumes uniform mechanical and temperature profile, while the 3D model is capable of capturing the nonuniformity of stress and temperature in the cell. Further, the effects of mechanical deformation and different temperatures on the process of lithium plating are investigated in this study. With the help of the 1D charging simulations, it is observed that lower temperatures increase the risk of lithium plating and the presence of mechanical deformations can accelerate its initiation. Furthermore, 3D charging simulations indicated that folds and boundaries of jellyrolls are more susceptible to lithium plating due to the higher stress concentration and lower temperature, respectively.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Computational Approach for Improving Three-Dimensional Sub-Surface Earth Structure for Regional Earthquake Hazard Simulations in the San Francisco Bay Area

In our Exascale Computing Project (ECP) we seek to simulate earthquake ground motions at much higher frequency than is currently possible. Previous simulations in the SFBA were limited to 0.5-1 Hz or lower (Aagaard et al. 2008, 2010), while we have recently simulated the response to 5 Hz. In order to improve confidence in simulated ground motions, we must accurately represent the three-dimensional (3D) sub-surface material properties that govern seismic wave propagation over a broad region. We are currently focusing on the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) with a Cartesian domain of size 120 x 80 x 35 km, but this area will be expanded to cover a larger domain. Currently, the United States Geologic Survey (USGS) has a 3D model of the SFBA for seismic simulations. However, this model suffers from two serious shortcomings relative to our application: 1) it does not fit most of the available low frequency (< 1 Hz) seismic waveforms from moderate (magnitude M 3.5-5.0) earthquakes; and 2) it is represented with much lower resolution than necessary for the high frequency simulations (> 5 Hz) we seek to perform. The current model will serve as a starting model for full waveform tomography based on 3D sensitivity kernels. This report serves as the deliverable for our ECP FY2017 Quarter 4 milestone to FY 2018 “Computational approach to developing model updates”. We summarize the current state of 3D seismic simulations in the SFBA and demonstrate the performance of the USGS 3D model for a few selected paths. We show the available open-source waveform data sets for model updates, based on moderate earthquakes recorded in the region. We present a plan for improving the 3D model utilizing the available data and further development of our SW4 application. We project how the model could be improved and present options for further improvements focused on the shallow geotechnical layers using dense passive recordings of ambient and human-induced noise.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Semi-Annual Report for Modular Integrated Gas High Temperature Reactor Development during Performance Period April 2022 - September 2022

Horizontal Compact High Temperature Gas Reactor (HC-HTGR) is being designed by a multidisciplinary team of nuclear, mechanical, and structural engineers under the support of a DOE-NE Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program’s Advanced Reactor Concepts-20 (ARC-20) award. The objective of this ARC-20 project is to deliver a conceptual design for the proposed HC-HTGR in 3 years and support its commercialization as a safe, low-cost HTGR. Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) is responsible for the design and analysis of the reactor cavity cooling system (RCCS) as a safety system for passive decay heat removal of the reactor concept. Additionally, Argonne is providing analysis of the primary coolant system to ensure temperatures within the core remain below safety margins during steady-state and potential accident scenarios. This second semi-annual report summarized the progress made at Argonne on the two tasks during the second half of FY22. As a part of the RCCS design task, a scoping calculation in estimating HVAC capability for the HC-HTGR reactor building was performed. A water panel modeling study was first performed with the test case, which confirms the capability of the RELAP5-3D modeling approach to explore various design options of the HC-HTGR RCCS under consideration. Then, a reference RELAP5-3D model for the unit geometry of the preliminary design of the HC-HTGR RCCS was developed. A preliminary performance analysis was conducted to evaluate the performances of a single-phase natural circulation and panel conduction in various operating conditions. For the primary coolant system analysis task, preliminary thermal hydraulic analysis of the HC-HTGR core design was performed with a high resolution 1D fluid-3D solid coupled model using the System Analysis Module (SAM) to assess the assembly coolant channel and bypass flow mass flow rate distribution. Some preliminary work on the development of a full core reduced order model was discussed following the assembly level model to predict the core wide coolant flow distribution and to model certain operational and accidental transients.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Bootstrapping the 3d Ising model at finite temperature

We estimate thermal one-point functions in the 3d Ising CFT using the operator product expansion (OPE) and the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) condition. Several operator dimensions and OPE coefficients of the theory are known from the numerical bootstrap for flat-space four-point functions. Taking this data as input, we use a thermal Lorentzian inversion formula to compute thermal one-point coefficients of the first few Regge trajectories in terms of a small number of unknown parameters. We approximately determine the unknown parameters by imposing the KMS condition on the two-point functions (σσ) and (ϵϵ). As a result, we estimate the one-point functions of the lowest-dimension $\mathbb{Z}_2$-even scalar ϵ and the stress energy tensor T μν . Our result for (σσ) at finite-temperature agrees with Monte-Carlo simulations within a few percent, inside the radius of convergence of the OPE.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Framework for Modeling 3D-Printed Concrete Construction to Assess Energy Efficiency and Backup Power Trade-Offs in a Mixed-Use, New Construction Neighborhood Development

This paper presents a framework that expands the URBANopt(TM) modeling platform to include 3D-printed concrete wall assemblies and assess energy efficiency and backup power trade-offs in new housing developments. Applied to a planned mixed-use neighborhood in Oil City, Pennsylvania, the workflow integrates building energy and distributed energy resource (DER) modeling to evaluate envelope and equipment upgrades alongside DER operations. Results show that advanced 3D-printed envelopes combined with efficient systems and onsite photovoltaics (PV) and storage reduce energy use intensity and sustain critical loads during outages. The framework supports planning for emerging construction technologies by quantifying key trade-offs between energy efficiency and backup power performance.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Real-time kinematic (RTK) Drone-collected Data and Processed Models of Port Arthur Coastal Neighborhood and Pleasure Island Golf Course, June 2024

The Southeast Texas Urban Integrated field lab’s Co-design team captured aerial photos in the Port Arthur Coastal Neighborhood Community and the Golf Course on Pleasure Island, Texas, in June 2024. Aerial photos taken were through autonomous flight, and models were processed through the DroneDeploy engine. All aerial photos are in .JPG format and contained in zipped files for each area. The processed data package includes 3D models, geospatial data, mappings, and point clouds. Please be aware that DTM, Elevation toolbox, Point Cloud, and Orthomosaic use EPSG: 6588. And 3D Model uses EPSG: 3857.For using these data:- The Adobe Suite gives you great software to open .Tif files.- You can use LASUtility (Windows), ESRI ArcGIS Pro (Windows), or Blaze3D (Windows, Linux) to open a LAS file and view the data it contains.- Open an .OBJ file with a large number of free and commercial applications. Some examples include Microsoft 3D Builder, Apple Preview, Blender, and Autodesk.- You may use ArcGIS, Merkaartor, Blender (with the Google Earth Importer plug-in), Global Mapper, and Marble to open .KML files.- The .tfw world file is a text file used to georeference the GeoTIFF raster images, like the orthomosaic and the DSM. You need suitable software like ArcView to open a .TFW file.This dataset provides researchers with sufficient geometric data and the status quo of the land surface at the locations mentioned above. This dataset will support researchers' decision-making processes under uncertainties.

2D mapping↗
NASA NTRS2011

Range 7 Scanner Integration with PaR Robot Scanning System

An interface bracket and coordinate transformation matrices were designed to allow the Range 7 scanner to be mounted on the PaR Robot detector arm for scanning the heat shield or other object placed in the test cell. A process was designed for using Rapid Form XOR to stitch data from multiple scans together to provide an accurate 3D model of the object scanned. An accurate model was required for the design and verification of an existing heat shield. The large physical size and complex shape of the heat shield does not allow for direct measurement of certain features in relation to other features. Any imaging devices capable of imaging the entire heat shield in its entirety suffers a reduced resolution and cannot image sections that are blocked from view. Prior methods involved tools such as commercial measurement arms, taking images with cameras, then performing manual measurements. These prior methods were tedious and could not provide a 3D model of the object being scanned, and were typically limited to a few tens of measurement points at prominent locations. Integration of the scanner with the robot allows for large complex objects to be scanned at high resolution, and for 3D Computer Aided Design (CAD) models to be generated for verification of items to the original design, and to generate models of previously undocumented items. The main components are the mounting bracket for the scanner to the robot and the coordinate transformation matrices used for stitching the scanner data into a 3D model. The steps involve mounting the interface bracket to the robot's detector arm, mounting the scanner to the bracket, and then scanning sections of the object and recording the location of the tool tip (in this case the center of the scanner's focal point). A novel feature is the ability to stitch images together by coordinates instead of requiring each scan data set to have overlapping identifiable features. This setup allows models of complex objects to be developed even if the object is large and featureless, or has sections that don't have visibility to other parts of the object for use as a reference. In addition, millions of points can be used for creation of an accurate model [i.e. within 0.03 in. (=0.8 mm) over a span of 250 in. (=635 mm)].

Schuler, Jason↗
NASA NTRS2005

Turbomachinery Heat Transfer and Loss Modeling for 3D Navier-Stokes Codes

This report's contents focus on making use of NASA Glenn on-site computational facilities,to develop, validate, and apply models for use in advanced 3D Navier-Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes to enhance the capability to compute heat transfer and losses in turbomachiney.

DeWitt, Kenneth↗
DOE OSTI2024

Aerial Data and Processed Models of Port Arthur Coastal Neighborhood and Pleasure Island Golf Course, June 2024

Our Co-design team is from the University of Texas, working on a Department of Energy-funded project focused on the Beaumont-Port Arthur area. As part of this project, we will be developing climate-resilient design solutions for areas of the region. More on www.caee.utexas.edu.We captured aerial photos in the Port Arthur Coastal Neighborhood Community and the Golf Course on Pleasure Island, Texas, in June 2024.Aerial photos taken were through DroneDeploy autonomous flight, and models were processed through the DroneDeploy engine as well. All aerial photos are in .JPG format and contained in zipped files for each area.The processed data package includes 3D models, geospatial data, mappings, and point clouds. Please be aware that DTM, Elevation toolbox, Point cloud, and Orthomosaic use EPSG: 6588. And 3D Model uses EPSG: 3857.For using these data:- The Adobe Suite gives you great software to open .Tif files.- You can use LASUtility (Windows), ESRI ArcGIS Pro (Windows), or Blaze3D (Windows, Linux) to open a LAS file and view the data it contains.- Open an .OBJ file with a large number of free and commercial applications. Some examples include Microsoft 3D Builder, Apple Preview, Blender, and Autodesk.- You may use ArcGIS, Merkaartor, Blender (with the Google Earth Importer plug-in), Global Mapper, and Marble to open .KML files.- The .tfw world file is a text file used to georeference the GeoTIFF raster images, like the orthomosaic and the DSM. You need suitable software like ArcView to open a .TFW file.This dataset provides researchers with sufficient geometric data and the status quo of the land surface at the locations mentioned above. This dataset could streamline researchers' decision-making processes and enhance the design as well.

2D mapping↗
NASA NTRS2011

NASA/JSC ISSLive!

Just 150 miles above us, the International Space Station (ISS) is orbiting. Each day, the astronauts on board perform a variety of activities from exercise, science experiments, and maintenance. Yet, many on the ground do not know about these daily activities. National Aeronautics Space Agency/ Johnson Space Center (NASA/JSC) innovation creation ISSLive! - an education project - is working to bridge this knowledge gap with traditional education channels such as schools, but also non-traditional channels with the non-technical everyday public. ISSLive! provides a website that seamlessly integrates planning and telemetry data, video feeds, 3D models, and iOS and android applications. Through the site, users are able to view astronauts daily schedules, in plain English alongside the original data. As an example, when an astronaut is working with a science experiment, a user will be able to read about the activity and for more detailed activities follow provided links to view more information all integrated into the same site. Live telemetry data from a predefined set can also be provided alongside the activities. For users to learn more, 3D models of the external and internal parts of the ISS are available, allowing users to explore the station and even select sensors, such as temperature, and view a real-time chart of the data. Even ground operations are modeled with a 3D mission control center, providing users information on the various flight control disciplines and showing live data that they would be monitoring. Some unique activities are also highlighted and have dedicated spaces to explore in more detail. Education is the focus of ISSLive!, even from the beginning when university students participated in the development process as part of their master s projects. Focus groups at a Houston school showed interest in the project and excitement towards including ISSLive! in their classroom. Through this inclusion, students' knowledge can be assessed with projects, oral presentations, and other assignments. For the public citizens outside of the traditional education system, ISSLive! provides a single, interactive, and engaging experience to learn about the ISS and its role in space exploration, international collaboration, and science. While traditional students are using ISSLive! in the classroom, their parents, grandparents, and friends are using it at home. ISSLive! truly brings the daily operations of the ISS into the daily lives of the public from every generation.

Harris, Philip D.↗
NASA NTRS2011

ISSLIVE! Bringing the Space Station to Every Generation

Just 200 miles above us, the International Space Station (ISS) is orbiting. Each day, the astronauts on board perform a variety of activities from exercise, science experiments, and maintenance. Yet, many on the ground don?t know about these daily activities. ISSLive! - an education project - is working to bridge this knowledge gap with traditional education channels such as schools, but also non-traditional channels with the non-technical everyday public. ISSLive! provides a website that seamlessly integrates planning and telemetry data, video feeds, 3D models, and iOS and android applications. Through the site, users are able to view astronauts? daily schedules, in plain English alongside the original data. As an example, when an astronaut is working with a science experiment, a user will be able to read about the activity and for more detailed activities follow provided links to view more information -- all integrated into the same site. Live telemetry data from a predefined set can also be provided alongside the activities. For users to learn more, 3D models of the external and internal parts of the ISS are available, allowing users to explore the station and even select sensors, such as temperature, and view a real-time chart of the data. Even ground operations are modelled with a 3D mission control center, providing users information on the various flight control disciplines and showing live data that they would be monitoring. Some unique activities are also highlighted, and have dedicated spaces to explore in more detail. Education is the focus of ISSLive!, even from the beginning when university students participated in the development process as part of their master?s projects. Focus groups at a Houston school showed interest in the project, and excitement towards including ISSLive! in their classroom. Through this inclusion, student?s knowledge can be assessed with projects, oral presentations, and other assignments. For the public citizens outside of the traditional education system, ISSLive! provides a single, interactive, and engaging experience to learn about the ISS and its role in space exploration, international collaboration, and science. While traditional students are using ISSLive! in the classroom, their parents, grandparents, and friends are using it at home. ISSLive! truly brings the daily operations of the ISS into the daily lives of the public from every generation.

Harris, Philip D.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Turbine Internal and Film Cooling Modeling For 3D Navier-Stokes Codes

The aim of this research project is to make use of NASA Glenn on-site computational facilities in order to develop, validate and apply aerodynamic, heat transfer, and turbine cooling models for use in advanced 3D Navier-Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes such as the Glenn-" code. Specific areas of effort include: Application of the Glenn-HT code to specific configurations made available under Turbine Based Combined Cycle (TBCC), and Ultra Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) projects. Validating the use of a multi-block code for the time accurate computation of the detailed flow and heat transfer of cooled turbine airfoils. The goal of the current research is to improve the predictive ability of the Glenn-HT code. This will enable one to design more efficient turbine components for both aviation and power generation. The models will be tested against specific configurations provided by NASA Glenn.

DeWitt, Kenneth↗