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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Time-Domain Vortex Induced Vibration Modeling of Reference Dynamic Power Cable for the Gulf of Maine

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is a phenomenon known to decrease the fatigue life of dynamic power cables used in floating offshore wind systems through increased bending loading cycles. A variety of modeling solutions have been proposed to study this, but none enable fully-coupled simulations leveraging open-source tools. To address this, a time-domain VIV model has been successfully implemented into the open-source mooring dynamics model MoorDyn. The semi-empirical VIV model describes a lift force acting on segments of a flexible cylinder, making it well suited for implementation into MoorDyn. The new capability successfully predicted the frequencies and magnitudes of strain in both steady and oscillating flows when compared to the original validation results and matched peak spectral response when compared to experimental results, verifying successful implementation. MoorDyn with VIV was then leveraged to simulate a 15 MW floating turbine with a dynamic power cable in the Gulf of Maine using OpenFAST for six return periods of combined wind, wave, and current conditions. Increased curvature and tension fluctuations in higher flow speeds were observed when simulating VIV. Maximum tensions and curvatures also increased, with the 500 year conditions violating the curvature factor of safety of 2.0. These results highlight the importance of considering VIV when designing dynamic power cables for the Gulf of Maine, and indicate that cost effective mitigation strategies should be explored for the area. They also demonstrate the utility of this new modeling capability, which provides the first open-source tool for fully coupled time-domain floating offshore wind simulations with dynamic power cable VIV.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Model fusion with physics-guided machine learning: Projection-based reduced-order modeling

The unprecedented amount of data generated from experiments, field observations, and large-scale numerical simulations at a wide range of spatiotemporal scales has enabled the rapid advancement of data-driven and especially deep learning models in the field of fluid mechanics. Although these methods are proven successful for many applications, there is a grand challenge of improving their generalizability. This is particularly essential when data-driven models are employed within outer-loop applications like optimization. In this work, we put forth a physics-guided machine learning (PGML) framework that leverages the interpretable physics-based model with a deep learning model. Leveraging a concatenated neural network design from multi-modal data sources, the PGML framework is capable of enhancing the generalizability of data-driven models and effectively protects against or inform about the inaccurate predictions resulting from extrapolation. We apply the PGML framework as a novel model fusion approach combining the physics-based Galerkin projection model and long- to short-term memory (LSTM) network for parametric model order reduction of fluid flows. We demonstrate the improved generalizability of the PGML framework against a purely data-driven approach through the injection of physics features into intermediate LSTM layers. Our quantitative analysis shows that the overall model uncertainty can be reduced through the PGML approach, especially for test data coming from a distribution different than the training data. Moreover, we demonstrate that our approach can be used as an inverse diagnostic tool providing a confidence score associated with models and observations. The proposed framework also allows for multi-fidelity computing by making use of low-fidelity models in the online deployment of quantified data-driven models.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1981

A vortex-lattice method for calculating longitudinal dynamic stability derivatives of oscillating delta wings

A nonsteady vortex-lattice method is introduced for predicting the dynamic stability derivatives of a delta wing undergoing an oscillatory motion. The analysis is applied to several types of small oscillations in pitch. The angle of attack varied between + or - 1 deg, with the mean held at 0 deg when the flow was assumed to be attached and between + or - 1 deg and the mean held at 15 deg when both leading-edge separation and wake roll-up were included. The computed results for damping in pitch are compared with several other methods and with experiments, and are found to be consistent and in good agreement.

Levin, D.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Condensation of collective polar vortex modes

The dynamics of extended objects such as domain walls, domain bubbles, vortex structures, etc., can be described by their equations of motion associated with their effective mass and spring constant. Here we analytically derive the equations of motion for the polarization dynamics and elastodynamics for the structural responses of ferroelectric polar vortices, and theoretically extract their effective mass, spring constant, and mode frequencies. We demonstrate two subterahertz phonon modes and predicted their frequencies, both consistent with our recent experimental measurements and phase-field simulations. We show that elastic modulation of the energy function and spring constants leads to a condensation of a collective mode upon a second-order structural transition from symmetric to asymmetric vortices at a critical strain, analogous to the ferroelectric soft phonon mode at a ferroelectric transition. Furthermore, the present work offers a theoretical framework for predicting and manipulating the ultrafast collective dynamics of polar nanostructures.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Simultaneous control of magnetic topologies for reconfigurable vortex arrays

The topological spin textures in magnetic vortices in confined magnetic elements offer a platform for understanding the fundamental physics of nanoscale spin behavior and the potential of harnessing their unique spin structures for advanced magnetic technologies. For magnetic vortices to be practical, an effective reconfigurability of the two topologies of magnetic vortices, that is, the circularity and the polarity, is an essential prerequisite. The reconfiguration issue is highly relevant to the question of whether both circularity and polarity are reliably and efficiently controllable. In this work, we report the first direct observation of simultaneous control of both circularity and polarity by the sole application of an in-plane magnetic field to arrays of asymmetrically shaped permalloy disks. Our investigation demonstrates that a high degree of reliability for control of both topologies can be achieved by tailoring the geometry of the disk arrays. We also propose a new approach to control the vortex structures by manipulating the effect of the stray field on the dynamics of vortex creation. The current study is expected to facilitate complete and effective reconfiguration of magnetic vortex structures, thereby enhancing the prospects for technological applications of magnetic vortices.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Two mode coupling of the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities

In this work, the coupling and evolution of two-mode ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability (ARTI) in two-dimensional geometry are studied via numerical simulations. We focus primarily on two scenarios: Coupling and bubble competition of a long and a short wavelength mode and of two short-wavelength modes. It is found that the long-wavelength modes tend to dominate in the nonlinear phase of the long-short coupling cases. The presence of the short-wavelength mode in the long-short cases enhances the total ARTI bubble vertex velocity. However, due to the formation of enclosed bubbles, this enhancement does not increase monotonically with the initial short-wavelength amplitude. Coupling of two short-wavelength modes forms a long-wavelength component which grows faster than each individual short-wavelength mode.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
NASA NTRS1990

An experimental study of the nonlinear dynamic phenomenon known as wing rock

An experimental investigation into the physical phenomena associated with limit cycle wing rock on slender delta wings has been conducted. The model used was a slender flat plate delta wing with 80-deg leading edge sweep. The investigation concentrated on three main areas: motion characteristics obtained from time history plots, static and dynamic flow visualization of vortex position, and static and dynamic flow visualization of vortex breakdown. The flow visualization studies are correlated with model motion to determine the relationship between vortex position and vortex breakdown with the dynamic rolling moments. Dynamic roll moment coefficient curves reveal rate-dependent hysteresis, which drives the motion. Vortex position correlated with time and model motion show a time lag in the normal position of the upward moving wing vortex. This time lag may be the mechanism responsible for the hysteresis. Vortex breakdown is shown to have a damping effect on the motion.

Arena, A. S., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Spur-type instability observed on numerically simulated vortex filaments

An instability observed on vortex filaments during numerical simulations of the three-dimensional, time-dependent dynamics of vortex wakes is studied to determine when and why it occurs. It is concluded that the observed instability is a consequence of the use of straight-line vortex segments of finite length to model continuously curving vortex filaments. The instability appears to occur only when the link length is a sizable fraction of the vortex span and, therefore, is not expected in an experiment. Guidelines are then given that help avoid numerical instabilities when vortex filaments are used in flow simulations.

Rossow, Vernon J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Schlieren studies of compressibility effects on dynamic stall of airfoils in transient pitching motion

Compressibility effects on the flowfield of an airfoil executing rapid transient pitching motion from 0 - 60 degrees over a wide range of Mach numbers and pitching rates were studied using a stroboscopic schlieren flow visualization technique. The studies have led to the first direct experimental documentation of multiple shocks on the airfoil upper surface flow for certain conditions. Also, at low Mach numbers, additional coherent vortical structures were found to be present along with the dynamic stall vortex, whereas at higher Mach numbers, the flow was dominated by a single vortex. The delineating Mach number for significant compressibility effects was 0.3 and the dynamic stall process was accelerated by increasing the Mach number above that value. Increasing the pitch rate monotonically delayed stall to angles of attack as large as 27 degrees.

Chandrasekhara, M. S.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Numeric and fluid dynamic representation of tornadic double vortex thunderstorms

Current understanding of a double vortex thunderstorm involves a pair of contra-rotating vortices that exists in the dynamic updraft. The pair is believed to be a result of a blocking effect which occurs when a cylindrical thermal updraft of a thunderstorm protrudes into the upper level air and there is a large amount of vertical wind shear between the low level and upper level air layers. A numerical tornado prediction scheme based on the double vortex thunderstorm was developed. The Energy-Shear Index (ESI) is part of the scheme and is calculated from radiosonde measurements. The ESI incorporates parameters representative of thermal instability and blocking effect, and indicates appropriate environments for which the development of double vortex thunderstorms is likely.

Connell, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Experiments on the enhancement of compressible mixing via streamwise vorticity. II - Vortex strength assessment and seed particle dynamics

The effect of streamwise vorticity on compressible axisymmetric mixing layers is examined using vortex strength assessment and seed particle dynamics analysis. Experimental results indicate that the particles faithfully represent the dynamics of the turbulent swirling flow. A comparison of the previously determined mixing layer growth rates with the present vortex strength data reveals that the increase of turbulent mixing up to 60 percent scales with the degree of swirl. The mixing enhancement appears to be independent of the compressibility level of the mixing layer.

Naughton, J. W.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Glassy Dynamics in a heavy ion irradiated NbSe 2 crystal

Fascination with glassy states has persisted since Fisher introduced the vortex-glass as a new thermodynamic phase that is a true superconductor that lacks conventional long-range order. Though Fisher’s original model considered point disorder, it was later predicted that columnar defects (CDs) could also induce glassiness — specifically, a Bose-glass phase. In YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–x (YBCO), glassy states can cause distinct behavior in the temperature (T) dependent rate of thermally activated vortex motion (S). The vortex-glass state produces a plateau in S(T) whereas a Bose-glass can transition into a state hosting vortex excitations called double-kinks that can expand, creating a large peak in S(T). Although glass phases have been well-studied in YBCO, few studies exist of other materials containing CDs that could contribute to distinguishing universal behavior. Here, we report on the effectiveness of CDs tilted ~30° from the c-axis in reducing S in a NbSe 2 crystal. The magnetization is 5 times higher and S is minimized when the field is parallel to the defects versus aligned with the c-axis. We see signatures of glassiness in both field orientations, but do not observe a peak in S(T) nor a plateau at values observed in YBCO. Lastly, we discuss the possibility that competing disorder induces a field-orientation-driven transition from a Bose-glass to an anisotropic glass involving both point and columnar disorder.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Data-driven recovery of hidden physics in reduced order modeling of fluid flows

In this article, we introduce a modular hybrid analysis and modeling (HAM) approach to account for hidden physics in reduced order modeling (ROM) of parameterized systems relevant to fluid dynamics. The hybrid ROM framework is based on using first principles to model the known physics in conjunction with utilizing the data-driven machine learning tools to model the remaining residual that is hidden in data. This framework employs proper orthogonal decomposition as a compression tool to construct orthonormal bases and Galerkin projection (GP) as a model to build the dynamical core of the system. Our proposed methodology hence compensates structural or epistemic uncertainties in models and utilizes the observed data snapshots to compute true modal coefficients spanned by these bases. The GP model is then corrected at every time step with a data-driven rectification using a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network architecture to incorporate hidden physics. A Grassmannian manifold approach is also adopted for interpolating basis functions to unseen parametric conditions. The control parameter governing the system's behavior is thus implicitly considered through true modal coefficients as input features to the LSTM network. The effectiveness of the HAM approach is then discussed through illustrative examples that are generated synthetically to take hidden physics into account. Furthermore, our approach thus provides insights addressing a fundamental limitation of the physics-based models when the governing equations are incomplete to represent underlying physical processes.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2014

EFFECTS OF DUST FEEDBACK ON VORTICES IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS

We carried out two-dimensional, high-resolution simulations to study the effect of dust feedback on the evolution of vortices induced by massive planets in protoplanetary disks. Various initial dust to gas disk surface density ratios (0.001-0.01) and dust particle sizes (Stokes number 4 × 10{sup –4}-0.16) are considered. We found that while dust particles migrate inward, vortices are very effective at collecting them. When dust density becomes comparable to gas density within the vortex, a dynamical instability is excited and it alters the coherent vorticity pattern and destroys the vortex. This dust feedback effect is stronger with a higher initial dust/gas density ratio and larger dust grain. Consequently, we found that the disk vortex lifetime can be reduced up to a factor of 10. We discuss the implications of our findings on the survivability of vortices in protoplanetary disks and planet formation.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2000

Design of an Aircraft Vortex Spacing System for Airport Capacity Improvement

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is addressing airport capacity enhancements through the Terminal Area Productivity (TAP) program. Within TAP, the Reduced Spacing Operations element at the NASA Langley Research Center is developing an Aircraft VOrtex Spacing System (AVOSS). AVOSS will integrate the output of several systems to produce weather dependent, dynamic wake vortex spacing criteria. These systems provide current and predicted weather conditions, models of wake vortex transport and decay in these weather conditions, and real-time feedback of wake vortex behavior from sensors. The goal of the NASA program is to provide the research and development to demonstrate an engineering model AVOSS, in real-time operation, at a major airport. A wake vortex system test facility was established at the Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) in 1997 and tested in 1998. Results from operation of the initial AVOSS system, plus advances in wake vortex prediction and near-term weather forecast models, "nowcast", have been integrated into a second-generation system. This AVOSS version is undergoing final checkout in preparation for a system demonstration in 2000. This paper describes the revised AVOSS system architecture, subsystem enhancements, and initial results with AVOSS version 2 from a deployment at DFW in the fall of 1999.

Hinton, David A.↗
NASA NTRS1999

NASA Aircraft Vortex Spacing System Development Status

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is addressing airport capacity enhancements during instrument meteorological conditions through the Terminal Area Productivity (TAP) program. Within TAP, the Reduced Spacing Operations (RSO) subelement at the NASA Langley Research Center is developing an Aircraft VOrtex Spacing System (AVOSS). AVOSS will integrate the output of several systems to produce weather dependent, dynamic wake vortex spacing criteria. These systems provide current and predicted weather conditions, models of wake vortex transport and decay in these weather conditions, and real-time feedback of wake vortex behavior from sensors. The goal of the NASA program is to provide the research and development to demonstrate an engineering model AVOSS in real-time operation at a major airport. The demonstration is only of concept feasibility, and additional effort is required to deploy an operational system for actual aircraft spacing reduction. This paper describes the AVOSS system architecture, a wake vortex facility established at the Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport (DFW), initial operational experience with the AVOSS system, and emerging considerations for subsystem requirements. Results of the initial system operation suggest a significant potential for reduced spacing.

Hinton, David A.↗
NASA NTRS1996

NASA Wake Vortex Research for Aircraft Spacing

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is addressing airport capacity enhancements during instrument meteorological conditions through the Terminal Area Productivity (TAP) program. Within TAP, the Reduced Spacing Operations (RSO) subelement at the NASA Langley Research Center is developing an Aircraft Vortex Spacing System (AVOSS). AVOSS will integrate the output of several inter-related areas to produce weather dependent, dynamic wake vortex spacing criteria. These areas include current and predicted weather conditions, models of wake vortex transport and decay in these weather conditions, real-time feedback of wake vortex behavior from sensors, and operationally acceptable aircraft/wake interaction criteria. In today's ATC system, the AVOSS could inform ATC controllers when a fixed reduced separation becomes safe to apply to large and heavy aircraft categories. With appropriate integration into the Center/TRACON Automation System (CTAS), AVOSS dynamic spacing could be tailored to actual generator/follower aircraft pairs rather than a few broad aircraft categories.

Perry, R. Brad↗