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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Designing metal halide perovskite solar modules for thermomechanical reliability

There is a significant deficiency in perovskite solar module (PSM) stability under thermomechanical stressors which is not well-understood. In this perspective, common issues seen with perovskite solar cell device fabrication related to thermomechanical reliability of PSM processing are discussed, with a focus on how the robustness of device layers and interlayer adhesion can be improved. Film stresses, adhesion of charge transport layers, and instability under light and heat are discussed with the purpose of providing insight on designing PSMs for durability. Processing conditions of encapsulation of PSMs and critical parameters to consider are also examined, and accelerated testing protocols for PSMs are discussed that probe mechanical degradation modes and ensure reliability of devices in the field.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

On the optical anisotropy in 2D metal-halide perovskites

We develop a better understanding of the many contributing factors that give rise to extreme optical anisotropy in 2D perovskites, and we then show that spin-coated films can exhibit excellent order comparable with exfoliated crystals.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Improved reproducibility of metal halide perovskite solar cells via automated gas quenching

Achieving reproducible perovskite solar cell fabrication is crucial for making it a scalable technology. We demonstrate an automated gas quenching system to improve perovskite solar cell reproducibility at the lab-scale. We use in situ photoluminescence to monitor the perovskite film formation as a function of the atmosphere in the glove box and find that antisolvent quenching is more sensitive to lingering precursor solvents than the gas quenching method. We observe a better reproducibility with gas quenching than with antisolvent quenching because it maintains a more consistent atmosphere in the glove box. The automated gas quenching process leads to high performing devices that are reproducible both batch to batch and researcher to researcher. The insights into gas quenching film formation as a function of solvent atmosphere and quench velocity will help inform future studies on large scale fabrication systems.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Roadmap on commercialization of metal halide perovskite photovoltaics

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent one of the most promising emerging photovoltaic technologies due to their high power conversion efficiency. However, despite the huge progress made not only in terms of the efficiency achieved, but also fundamental understanding of the relevant physics of the devices and issues which affect their efficiency and stability, there are still unresolved problems and obstacles on the path toward commercialization of this promising technology. In this roadmap, we aim to provide a concise and up to date summary of outstanding issues and challenges, and the progress made toward addressing these issues. While the format of this article is not meant to be a comprehensive review of the topic, it provides a collection of the viewpoints of the experts in the field, which covers a broad range of topics related to PSC commercialization, including those relevant for manufacturing (scaling up, different types of devices), operation and stability (various factors), and environmental issues (in particular the use of lead). We hope that the article will provide a useful resource for researchers in the field and that it will facilitate discussions and move forward toward addressing the outstanding challenges in this fast-developing field.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Module Encapsulation Using Polyolefin Elastomers: The Role of Morphology in Preventing Delamination

The development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has ushered in a new era of solar technology, characterized by its exceptional efficiency and cost-effective production. However, the soft and fragile nature of perovskites makes module encapsulation challenging. Polyolefin elastomers (POEs) have been reported to be promising encapsulants for perovskite modules. However, little research exists on identifying criteria among different types of POEs as encapsulants. Here, two POEs with different morphologies were compared as encapsulants. The first POE crystallizes during encapsulation (crystal content ∼40%), and the resulting shrinkage or warpage leads to delamination, causing minimodule failure. In contrast, perovskite minimodules encapsulated with a mostly amorphous POE exhibited better reliability and reproducibility. The best perovskite minimodules passed the thermal cycling test for 240 cycles between −40 and 85 °C and the damp heat test for 1419 h, according to the IEC 61215 standard. This study highlights the importance of the morphology of encapsulants in achieving high-quality encapsulation. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Effect of Metal Halides Treatment on High Throughput Low Temperature CIGS Solar Cells

Copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) semiconductor thin films were deposited at high rate and low temperature using single-stage thermal co-evaporation process on molybdenum back contact. A post deposition treatment was done by flashing AgBr at 350 ºC to induce recrystallization. Changes in morphology were confirmed by SEM, with an observed increase in grain size, as well as by XRD measurements, with a decrease in FWHM. Device results show an improvement of the performance after the AgBr vapor treatment, as all the photovoltaic parameters enhanced. Altogether, AgBr seems to be a suitable transport agent and beneficial for device fabrication.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Post-deposition Metal Halide Treatment of CuGaSe 2 for Photovoltaic Application

Copper gallium diselenide (CGS) semiconductor thin films were deposited by three-stage thermal co-evaporation process. Post-deposition treatments and recrystallization were performed at various AgBr doses of 40 mg, 60 mg, and 80 mg after the 2 nd stage. The changes in surface morphology were confirmed by SEM. The electrical properties were also modified, as the resistivity of the film decreases with increasing doses. Here, the device performance after the treatment did not change as expected, as the overall device performance only slightly increases in the case of 60 mg of AgBr. Substantial changes in the fabrication process will therefore be required for better device results.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Alkali metal halide–coated perovskite redox catalysts for anaerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of n -butane

Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of n-butane has the potential to efficiently produce butadiene without equilibrium limitation or coke formation. Despite extensive research efforts, single-pass butadiene yields are limited to <23% in conventional catalytic ODH with gaseous O 2 . This article reports molten LiBr as an effective promoter to modify a redox-active perovskite oxide, i.e., La 0.8 Sr 0.2 FeO 3 (LSF), for chemical looping–oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane (CL-ODHB). Under the working state, the redox catalyst is composed of a molten LiBr layer covering the solid LSF substrate. Characterizations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations indicate that peroxide species formed on LSF react with molten LiBr to form active atomic Br, which act as reaction intermediates for C–H bond activation. Meanwhile, molten LiBr layer inhibits unselective CO 2 formation, leading to 42.5% butadiene yield. The redox catalyst design strategy can be extended to CL-ODH of other light alkanes such as iso-butane conversion to iso-butylene, providing a generalized approach for olefin production.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗