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Imaging a light-induced molecular elimination reaction with an X-ray free-electron laser
Tracking the motion of individual atoms during chemical reactions represents a severe experimental challenge, especially if several competing reaction pathways exist or if the reaction is governed by the correlated motion of more than two molecular constituents. Here we demonstrate how ultrashort X-ray pulses combined with coincident ion imaging can be used to trace molecular iodine elimination from laser-irradiated diiodomethane (CH 2 I 2 ), a reaction channel of fundamental importance but small relative yield that involves the breaking of two molecular bonds and the formation of a new one. We map bending vibrations of the bound molecule, disentangle different dissociation pathways, image the correlated motion of the iodine atoms and the methylene group leading to molecular iodine ejection, and trace the vibrational motion of the formed product. Our results provide a quantitative mechanistic picture behind previously suggested reaction mechanisms and prove that a variety of geometries are involved in the molecular bond formation.
Attosecond Coherence Time Characterization in Hard X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
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Investigating charge-up and fragmentation dynamics of oxygen molecules after interaction with strong X-ray free-electron laser pulses
The X-ray-induced charge-up and fragmentation process of a small molecule is examined in great detail by measuring the molecular-frame photoelectron interference pattern in conjunction with other observables in coincidence.
Effects of x-ray free-electron laser pulse intensity on the Mn K β 1,3 x-ray emission spectrum in photosystem II—A case study for metalloprotein crystals and solutions
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Ultrafast nonthermal heating of water initiated by an X-ray Free-Electron Laser
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Superradiant amplification in a chirped-tapered x-ray free-electron laser
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Burst mode MHz repetition rate inverse free electron laser acceleration
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Polarization control of a free-electron laser oscillator using helical undulators of opposite helicities
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Experimental demonstration of two-color x-ray free-electron-laser pulses via wakefield excitation
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Electron beam shaping for actively outcoupling radiation from an x-ray regenerative amplifier free-electron laser
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Transverse gradient undulator in a storage ring x-ray free electron laser oscillator
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Wakefields in superconducting rf cavities and the impact on vacuum ultraviolet free-electron laser oscillator performance
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Double Core-Hole Generation in O 2 Molecules Using an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser: Molecular-Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions
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X-ray free-electron laser heating of water at picosecond time scale
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Effect of the shot-to-shot variation on charge migration induced by sub-fs x-ray free-electron laser pulses
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