Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “energy conservation code”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Open-Source Data for MAC-POSTS: Mobility Data Analytics Center - Prediction, Optimization, and Simulation Toolkit for Transportation Systems

MAC-POSTS (Mobility Data Analytics Center - Prediction, Optimization, and Simulation toolkit for Transportation Systems) is a toolkit for dynamic transportation network modeling. Developed by the Mobility Data Analytics Center (MAC) at Carnegie Mellon University, this package implements many classic dynamic transportation network models, as well as new models proposed by MAC members. It has served as one building block for many other models and research projects. As such, this package used to be treated as an internal research project of the MAC lab, and admittedly, the code base is messy, and the interface is hard to use. However, we are working hard to make it a generally usable and useful toolkit for dynamic transportation network modeling. We would really appreciate any feedback, comments, suggestions, or criticisms.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Development of the MPACT 69-group Library for Magnox Reactor Analysis using CASL VERA

The Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) has developed the CASL toolset, Virtual Environment for Reactor Analysis (VERA), for pressurized water reactor (PWR) analysis. Recently the CASL VERA was improved for Magnox reactor analysis, which required the development of a new cross section library and new geometrical and thermal feedback capabilities for graphite-moderated Magnoxreactors. The MPACT neutronics module of the CASL core simulator is a 3D whole core transport code, which requires a new cross section library with a different energy group structure due to the different neutronic characteristics of Magnox compared with PWR. A new 69-group structure was developed based on the MPACT 51-group structure to have more thermal energy groups and to be a subset of the SCALE 252-group structure. The ENDF/B-VII.1 MPACT 69-group library was developed for Magnox reactor analysis using the SCALE/AMPX and VERA-XSTools for which a super-homogenization method was applied, and transport cross sections were generated for graphite using a neutron leakage conservation method. Benchmark results show that new MPACT 69-group library works reasonably well for Magnox reactor analysis.

Kim, Kang Seog↗
DOE OSTI2024

Commercial Zero Code Plug-In: Zero Energy and Operational Emissions Overlay for Model Energy Codes (Technical Brief)

Model energy codes (MEC) describe requirements needed to demonstrate building energy performance compliance. They can be readily adopted by states and local jurisdictions to support desirable energy efficiency investment in new buildings and major renovations. This report provides commercial building energy code language as an overlay to current MEC, which is recognized by the U.S. DOE as ASHRAE Standard 90.1 2022. The code language provides a performance-based compliance path for achieving net zero energy or net zero operational energy emissions buildings with MEC. The path requires meeting two compliance metric target values: 1) a required minimum level of efficiency and 2) a measure of zero energy or emissions. The supporting documentation illustrates the magnitude of needed efficiency improvement and the additional offsets to be achieved from renewable energy sources.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Dialogue Between Lighting and HVAC Systems: Improving building system integration

Lighting systems have long been capable of sensing when someone enters or exits a room and using that knowledge to turn lights on or off. More recently, connected lighting systems with sensors integrated into every luminaire have become broadly available, facilitating highly granular occupancy detection. Similarly, HVAC systems have long been able to use an understanding of building occupancy to adjust temperature setpoints and reduce energy use without significant impacts to occupant comfort. Energy codes (e.g., ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1, IECC, Title 24) now require “occupied standby HVAC control,” whereby systems adjust both temperature and ventilation setpoints in zones that are determined to be unoccupied during normal occupancy hours. Here, this article discusses current issues that stymie the integration of Lighting and HVAC systems, and DOE activities focused on addressing them.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

DOE EV Data Collection - Charging Data

Charging data are collected from one of three sources, each with varying levels of additional information. These sources, in approximate order from most to least additional information, are: • The electric vehicle supply equipment (charger) • Onboard the vehicle itself • From a utility submeter. Many chargers provide software that allows for the collection and reporting of charging session data. If unavailable, data may be recorded by the charging vehicle’s onboard systems. If neither of these options is available, data can be acquired from utility submeters that simply track the energy flowing to one or more chargers. Data collected directly from the electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) are typically the most accurate and highest frequency. However, it is not always possible to discern which exact vehicle is being charged during any one session. EVSE-side data can be identified where a single charger ID but a range of vehicle IDs are present (e.g., CH001, EV001-EV005). Data collected from the vehicle’s onboard systems usually does not provide information on which exact charger is being used. Vehicle-side data can be identified where a single Vehicle ID but a range of Charger IDs are present (e.g., EV001, CH001-CH005). Data collected from utility submeters provide no information on which specific vehicle is charging or which specific charger is in use. Submeter data can be identified where multiple Vehicle IDs and multiple Charger IDs are present, but only a single Fleet ID is present (e.g., EV001-EV005, CH001-CH005, Fleet01). The **Charge Data Daily/Session Dictionaries** contains definitions for each available parameter collected as part of an individual charging session, aggregated at either a daily or session level. The parameters available will vary between vehicles and chargers. The **Charger Attributes** table contains specific charger characteristics, coded to at least one anonymous Charger ID and linked to either a single or a range of Vehicle IDs. Vehicle ID can be used as a key between charging data and vehicle attribute tables. The **Charger Attributes Data Dictionary** contains definitions for each available parameter collected on the physical and operational characteristics of the charging hardware itself. The **Vehicle Attributes Data Dictionary** contains definitions for each available parameter associated with a vehicle’s physical and functional attributes and fleet context. The **Vehicle Attributes** table contains specific vehicle characteristics, coded to an anonymous Vehicle ID. This Vehicle ID can be used as a key between vehicle data and vehicle attribute tables, and in cases where charging data are supplied, links a vehicle with the charger(s) that supplied it power. The **Charging Data** tables contain the data from each charger’s operations, coded to at least one anonymous Charger ID and linked to either a single or a range of Vehicle IDs. Vehicle ID can be used as a key between charging data and vehicle attribute tables. Data is being uploaded quarterly through 2023 and subject to change until the conclusion of the project.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2023

Parallel transport modeling of linear divertor simulators with fundamental ion cyclotron heating *

Abstract The Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX) is a steady state linear device with the goal to perform plasma material interaction studies at future fusion reactor relevant conditions. A prototype of MPEX referred as ‘Proto-MPEX’ is designed to carry out research and development related to source, heating and transport concepts on the planned full MPEX device. The auxiliary heating schemes in MPEX are based on cyclotron resonance heating with radio frequency (RF) waves. Ion cyclotron heating (ICH) and electron cyclotron heating in MPEX are used to independently heat the ions and electrons and provide fusion divertor conditions ranging from sheath-limited to fully detached divertor regimes at a material target. A hybrid particle-in-cell code- PICOS++ is developed and applied to understand the plasma parallel transport during ICH in MPEX/Proto-MPEX to the target. With this tool, evolution of the distribution function of MPEX/Proto-MPEX ions is modeled in the presence of (a) Coulomb collisions, (b) volumetric particle sources and (c) quasi-linear RF-based ICH. The code is benchmarked against experimental data from Proto-MPEX and simulation data from B2.5 EIRENE. The experimental observation of ‘density-drop’ near the target in Proto-MPEX and MPEX during ICH is demonstrated and explained via physics-based arguments using PICOS++ modeling. In fact, the density drops at the target during ICH in Proto-MPEX/MPEX to conserve the flux and to compensate for the increased flow during ICH. Furthermore, sensitivity scans of various plasma parameters with respect to ICH power are performed for MPEX to investigate its role on plasma transport and particle and energy fluxes at the target.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Improvements to the Simplified Loads Methodology in IEC 61400-2: November 22, 2021 - November 21, 2022

The "Simplified Loads Model" (SLM) of IEC 61400-2 provides a simple methodology to assess the structural integrity of a small wind turbine (SWT). The SLM is unique to the small wind turbine standard. It was included to allow SWT manufacturers with limited resources to undertake integrity checks at a reasonable cost in time and resources and avoid the expense of detailed aeroelastic simulations. Unfortunately, the SLM has gained the reputation of being overly conservative and this has reduced its value to the SWT community and its use in SWT design and certification. Conservatism in design standards is needed but excessive conservatism is not. The aim of this report is to address the principal areas of excess conservatism and recommend changes to the SLM that preserve its simplicity but reduce the excess. The changes for the ultimate loads are consistent with their treatment in aeroelastic modelling for certification and with related codes for wind loading on structures. The recommendations for a new fatigue design load case are also based on aeroelastic simulations, in this case of five SWTs of varying configurations with rated power from 2.4 to 50 kW. It is also pointed out the design load case for yawed operation omits an important term. The recommended inclusion of this term would make the SLM slightly more conservative for this case.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Methodology to Establish Performance Targets for Building Energy Codes

This report explains the underlying development of the U.S. NZE building sector performance targets reported in Federal Register Notice XX. This document also includes NZE performance targets for U.S. states, which were developed following the same procedures used to develop the national values. These national and state targets are intended to support the establishment and attainment of NZE goals over time. Where residential and commercial building energy code compliance mechanisms apply to new buildings and major renovations and dictate performance requirements, these targets reflect the recommended, minimum levels of performance. Appendix A provides the performance values and targets by U.S. state for residential and commercial buildings. These include each state’s adopted energy code performance, current published MEC performance value, and a nominal NZE code compliance performance target. The current code and NZE values can be compared to the state adopted code value to indicate the level of advancement needed to move towards recommended NZE building performance levels. Additional supplemental resources are available to support states and local governments ready to move from setting NZE policy goals to adopting NZE codes. More information about these resources and the actions states can take to achieve NZE buildings with energy codes are provided in the body of this document.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Utility Finder (U-Finder) Tool

U-Finder allows users to search for and identify local utility partners and electric vehicle charger incentives by state or ZIP code. U-Finder pulls from the Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Database of Electric Retail Service Territories to identify utility service territories. Utility incentive listings are provided by utility associations, and state government incentive listings are pulled from the Alternative Fuels Data Center Laws and Incentives website. ![U Finder landing page](ufinder-landing.png)

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

An optimization framework for the network design of advanced district thermal energy systems

In this work, a topology optimization framework for district thermal energy systems is presented. The framework seeks to address the questions, for a given district, "What is the best subset of buildings to connect to a district thermal energy system, and by what network should they be connected, to minimize life cycle cost?" A particle swarm optimization approach is validated to address the selection of the subset of buildings, and a graph theory-based heuristic is validated for selection of the network topology for any candidate subset of buildings. The framework is applied to a prototypical urban district for illustrative purposes. Additionally, modeling of prototypical districts revealed reductions in source energy use intensity for heating and cooling of 21-25% through the use of advanced district energy systems relative to code-compliant, building level systems. The framework identifies solutions with life cycle cost values 14% to 72% lower than that of base case scenarios based on conventional design approaches, depending on the base case scenario selected. Analysis of the search space indicates that topology optimization facilitates reductions in life cycle cost, source energy use intensity, and carbon emissions.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

INL High-Performance and Sustainable Building Strategy

High-performance buildings are reliable, cost effective, and sustainable structures that minimize energy and water use, reduce solid waste and pollutant emissions, and limit the depletion of natural resources. High-performance buildings also provide a thermally and visually comfortable working environment that increases productivity for building occupants. As Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is the nation’s premier nuclear energy research laboratory, the physical infrastructure requires continual updating and repurposing to help accomplish that mission. INL’s infrastructure must incorporate high-performance sustainable design features to be fiscally responsible and reflect an image of innovation to the public and prospective employees. INL is a large consumer of energy with annual energy costs exceeding $16M. This High-Performance and Sustainable Building Strategy will help engineering and construction project teams design sustainable facilities, reduce life cycle operating costs, and support the INL net-zero plan while providing INL employees with a safe and healthy working environment. With these goals in mind, the recommendations described in this document are intended to form INL’s foundation for sustainable and high-performance building standards. This strategy incorporates the latest federal and Department of Energy (DOE) orders and directives, including DOE Order 436.1A, “Departmental Sustainability,” the DOE Sustainability Plan (SP), the INL Site Sustainability Plan (SSP), and Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). This document identifies the requirements of the “Guiding Principles for Sustainable Federal Buildings” (Guiding Principles) and briefly highlights the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold certification. LEED Gold certification can be used to meet many of the requirements of the Guiding Principles.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Natural Resources Assessment for the SNS Second Target Station, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

The US Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a leading institution in advanced materials, supercomputing, neutrons, and nuclear science. As a research laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for DOE, ORNL has national priorities in energy, security, and scientific discovery that necessitate facility improvements and expansions. DOE is also committed to environmental stewardship. The laboratory is located on the ~32,000-acre Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR), much of which is categorized as a National Environmental Research Park and a state Wildlife Management Area. DOE works with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA), Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC), US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), US Department of Agriculture, and other agencies to serve as an effective steward of the ORR. Accordingly, project managers must conform to environmental regulations, agreements, and policies at the federal, state, and institutional levels. Per 40 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) 1508.14, potential effects on research and science education on the National Environmental Research Park represent potential impacts of federal actions. Moreover, federal actions that affect the quantity and quality of hunting opportunities and deer reduction harvest on the Oak Ridge Wildlife Management Area must be considered whenever other aspects of the human environment (as defined by NEPA) are affected. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a premiere facility at ORNL that provides advanced capabilities in neutron scattering to promote new discoveries and research opportunities in material sciences, physics, chemistry, biological sciences, and others. A conceptual design for a Second Target Station (STS) has been in consideration for several years. The STS is intended to complement and enhance existing ORNL capabilities, notably research and exploration of complex materials. The proposed STS will involve development of existing natural areas on the ORR, which might contain sensitive resources that require mitigation or avoidance in accordance with existing policies and regulation. This report summarizes current knowledge of natural and cultural resources within the STS project area. At the time of this report, the proposed STS project consisted of an operations area comprising 55.4 acres (22.4 ha) and a total review area for potential construction comprising ~224 acres (90.6 ha). The review area is located primarily within forested natural areas of the ORR with minor development in the form of power-line rights-of-way and secondary/graveled roads (Figure 1). The primary goal was to evaluate potential effects on sensitive resources that might result from development of the STS. In addition to onthe-ground surveys during summer 2009 and fall 2019 to summer 2020 by ORNL Natural Resources Management Program and Aquatic Ecology Group staff, this report makes use of historical (pre-1995) and contemporary (1995 to present) data from additional confirmed sources (e.g., TDEC). Likewise, forest conditions were compiled primarily from a 2013 forest inventory effort for Forest Management Compartment 17 and supplemented with limited ground observations in 2019. The individuals who obtained and compiled the data that are presented here are familiar with and routinely assess sensitive resources on the ORR.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Advanced Ultra-Supercritical Component Test (ComTest) Project for 760*C Steam Conditions

ComTest is a $27M Department of Energy-funded project. Phase I, which began in November 2015, served to identify the technology gaps, as well as the scope and cost of required testing. Phase II, which was awarded in December 2018, includes an advanced manufacturing effort to complete U.S. based supply chain development for full commercial scale (800-850 MWe) AUSC components made of nickel-based alloys, components operating at up to 760°C. Completion of Phase II scheduled for September 30, 2021. Strategic Objectives of U.S. AUSC Project include: Power Plant Efficiency Improvements –Develop cost-effective, reliable technologies to improve the efficiency of new and existing high-temperature advanced generation power plants. Close gaps to achieve readiness for commercial scale demonstration of Advanced Ultra-Supercritical (AUSC) technology. Fabricate full-scale versions of key nickel-based alloy components. Validate capabilities of US supply chain for cost certainty. Support cross-cutting high-temperature generation technologies. Obtain ASME Code approval for new materials, components and processes. Increase power plant steam temperatures for higher cycle efficiency (Note: Average efficiency of US coal-fired fleet = 33% HHV; A-USC plant efficiency over 47% HHV at 1,400°F (760°C) steam temperature).

fireside corrosion↗
DOE OSTI2020

Sensitive Resources Assessment and Forest Analysis for the Proposed Versatile Test Reactor, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

The US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a leading institution in advanced materials, supercomputing, neutrons, and nuclear science. As a research laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for DOE, ORNL has national priorities in energy, security, and scientific discovery that necessitate facility improvements and expansions. DOE is also committed to environmental stewardship. The laboratory is located on the ~32,000-acre (~13,000-ha) Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR), much of which is categorized as a National Environmental Research Park (NERP) and a state Wildlife Management Area. DOE works with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA), Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC), US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), US Department of Agriculture, and other agencies to serve as an effective steward of the ORR. Accordingly, project managers must conform to environmental regulations, agreements, and policies at the federal, state, and institutional levels. Per 40 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) 1508.14, potential effects on research and science education also represent potential effects of federal actions on the NERP, and impacts on, e.g., deer harvest, must be considered on the Oak Ridge Wildlife Management Area when other aspects of the human environment are affected. The United States currently has no fast neutron testing capability to support advanced nuclear research and development. The proposed Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) will take advantage of current investments by the US government and private industry in nuclear reactors to expedite the design and construction process, using proven technology to create a world-class scientific infrastructure. The VTR will take advantage of fast neutrons provided by this proven technology, along with a capability to rapidly insert, conduct, and remove state-of-the-art experiments. An advantage of the VTR is that it can support future innovations in experimental capabilities without modifying the facility. The VTR will support progress in a variety of science and technology areas, including testing and qualification of advanced reactor fuels; testing and qualification of innovative structural materials; testing of innovative components and instruments; validation of advanced modeling and simulation tools; and versatility for future technical missions. Through proven technology, the VTR can take advantage of existing reactor designs and operating experience to reduce the risk, cost, and time for design and construction. The top available resources of DOE laboratories, industry, and universities will be used to expedite reactor design and construction toward developing the scientific infrastructure that affords a strong testing capability that can be sustained over many years. This report summarizes current knowledge of natural and cultural resources primarily within the VTR construction area. At the time of this report, the proposed VTR site design includes a construction area of ~150.4 acres (~69.9 ha), which contains an ~51.3-acre (~20.8-ha) operations area, located within forested natural areas of the ORR. The primary goal of the work presented here was to evaluate potential effects on sensitive resources that might result from development and construction activities associated with VTR. In addition to on-the-ground surveys during spring and summer 2020 by the ORNL Natural Resources Management Program and Aquatic Ecology Group staff, this report makes use of historical (pre-1995) and contemporary (1995 to present) data from additional confirmed sources (e.g., TDEC). Likewise, forest conditions were compiled from a 2011 forest inventory and supplemented with limited ground observations in 2020. The individuals who obtained and compiled the data presented here are familiar with and routinely assess sensitive resources on the ORR. Anyone who references this report must consider that the timing of surveys did not permit a complete delineation of the resources that will be affected. If the VTR project proceeds, additional surveys will be required to account for the seasonal patterns of various threatened and endangered species. Data deficiencies and potential resources that likely went undetected are indicated where possible. Accordingly, this report should facilitate more environmentally sound decisions during planning and 2 development of the VTR site, provide a foundation for further assessment of sensitive and cultural resources, and help project managers better address regulatory guidance and DOE policies on sustainable development in compliance with, for example, the US Endangered Species Act (ESA), Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), Tennessee Rare Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1985, Tennessee Nongame and Endangered or Threatened Wildlife Species Conservation Act of 1974, several federal and state regulations regarding aquatic resource protection, and site-specific policies as outlined in various ORR management plans developed by ORNL and TWRA for DOE.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Analytical closure to the spatially-filtered Euler equations for shock-dominated flows

To ensure numerical stability in the vicinity of shocks, a variety of methods have been used, including shock-capturing schemes such as weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes, as well as the addition of artificial diffusivities to the governing equations. Centered finite difference schemes are often avoided near discontinuities due to the tendency for significant oscillations. However, such schemes have desirable conservation properties compared to many shock-capturing schemes. The objective of this work is to derive all necessary viscous/diffusion terms from first principles and then demonstrate the performance of these analytical terms within a centered differencing framework. The physical Euler equations are spatially-filtered with a Gaussian-like filter. Sub-filter scale (SFS) terms arise in the momentum and energy equations. Analytical closure is provided for each of them by leveraging the jump conditions for a shock. No SFS terms are present in the continuity or species equations. Here, this approach is tested for several problems involving shocks in one and two dimensions. Implemented within a centered difference code, the SFS terms perform well for a range of flow conditions without introducing excessive diffusion.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

HPC4Mfg with Samsung: Making semiconductor devices cool through HPC ab initio simulations

For decades, the semiconductor technology has followed the Moore’s law, making newer devices more powerful and energy efficient. Recently, however, it has reached a point where the performance and the energy efficiency of the device do not improve with the shrinking device size. One of the fundamental reasons of this deviation from the past trend is the interconnect resistance, which becomes larger with the shrinking size. The devices size is so small that the quantum mechanical effects can no longer be ignored and the traditional continuum simulation tools such as TCAD become inadequate. In this project, Samsung Semiconductor Inc. and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has collaborated to perform first of kind device-scale ab initio simulations to optimize materials and interconnect morphology to minimize interconnect resistance. We have tested the use of LS3DF method and the PEtot_trans approach on top of the folded spectrum method (FSM) Escan code to calculate the scattering state, and to study various effects influence the interconnect conductivity. We found that, the LS3DF can be used to calculate such metallic system. On the other hand, the use of Escan code to solve the linear equation is not practical due to the slow convergence. We have implemented a Chebyshev filter technique to calculate a few hundred eigen states near the scattering state energy E, then use these eigen states as preconditioner to solve the linear equation. We have used this approach to study the different factors which affect the interconnect conductivity, including the shape, the point defect, the temperature, and the grain boundary.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Cross-Laminated Timber Workshop: Pathways and Priorities for Cross-Laminated Timber Building Systems

A virtual workshop titled "BTO Cross-Laminated Timber Workshop: Pathways and Priorities for CLT Building Systems," was held on April 19, 2021, to identify research and development pathways, including the embodied energy content, operational energy efficiency, wall moisture profiles, structural connector durability, and health monitoring systems for CLT wall systems. In the workshop, perspectives were gathered from a wide range of stakeholders across North America from academia, the mass timber industry, trade groups, and federal government departments. The participants had knowledge in one or more areas of CLT building performance, production and construction, supply and demand dynamics of CLT panels, building codes, and recycling of CLT panels. To capture potential research opportunities from the participants in the mass timber field, the workshop was structured with the following objectives: 1. Identify the research and development opportunities to overcome technology gaps, integration issues, and market adoption challenges that are currently preventing the greater deployment of CLT, and 2. Understand what priorities and pathways are needed to advance energy efficient, high- rise CLT building systems.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Improvements to CTF Code Verification and Unit Testing (FY2020)

In 2010, the U.S. Department of Energy created its first Energy Innovation Hub, which focuses on improving Light Water Reactors (LWRs) through Modeling and Simulation. This hub, named the Consortium for the Advanced Simulation of LWRs (CASL), attempts to characterize and understand LWR behavior under normal operating conditions and use any gained insights to improve their efficiency. In collaboration with North Carolina State University (NCSU), CASL has worked extensively on the thermal-hydraulic subchannel code Coolant Boiling in Rod Arrays—Three Field (COBRA-TF). The NCSU/CASL version of COBRA-TF has been rebranded as CTF. This document focuses on code verification test problems that ensure CTF converges to the correct answer for the intended application. The suite of code verification tests are mapped to the underlying conservation equations of CTF, and significant gaps are addressed. Convergence behavior and numerical errors are quantified for each of the tests. Tests that converge at the correct rate to the corresponding analytic solution are incorporated into the CTF automated regression suite. A new verification utility is created for this purpose, which enables code verification by generalizing the process. For problems that do not behave correctly, the results are reported but the problem is not included in the regression suite. In addition to verification studies, this document also quantifies the existing tests of constitutive models. A few existing gaps are addressed by adding new unit tests.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗