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At least 217 records · Page 12

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NASA NTRS1992

Physical properties of Meridiani Sinus-type units in the central equatorial region of Mars

Classification and mapping of surficial units in the central equatorial region of Mars (30 degrees N to 20 degrees S, 57 degrees E to 75 degrees W) using enhanced color images and Mars Consortium data identified four major color/albedo units in the dark, reddish-gray regions that form the classical dark albedo markings of Mars, including Meridiani Sinus. The darkest, least red (relatively 'blue') materials form splotches (some with dune forms) in craters, inter-crater depressions, and part of Valles Marineris. These form the 'Dark Blue' Meridiani unit. Abundant materials that have higher albedos and are somewhat redder than the 'Dark Blue' unit have uniquely high green/(violet + red) color ratios in Viking Orbiter images. These materials, named 'Green-blue' Meridiani surround and mix with 'Dark Blue' Meridiani patches and are abundant on crater rims and local elevations. Discontinuous, patchy deposits with still higher albedos and much redder colors have morphologies classified of the Type Ib bright depositional dust streaks and sheets that were classified by Thomas et al. These dust deposits, which appear to be optically thin and patchy and are darker and not as red as other Type Ib dust deposits on Mars, and their Meridiani substrates, were designated the 'Red' Meridiani unit. Distinctive deposits that form highly eroded mesas and escarpments in northern Meridiani Sinus were named 'Light Blue' Meridiani, since they are not as red as other materials with moderately high albedos. Large areas dominated by these units form Meridiani Province in the central equatorial region of Mars.

Strickland, Edwin L., III↗

NASA NTRS1992

Physical properties of Oxia/Lunae Planum and Arabia-type units in the central equatorial region of Mars

Classification and mapping of surficial units in the central equatorial region of Mars Consortium data identified the relatively dark but 'red' materials that cover Lunae Planum and surround the Meridiani materials of Oxia Palus inertia region of Arabia. Oxia Province consists of the regions dominated by the characteristically dark 'red' Oxia materials, but it includes darker streaks and splotches of relatively 'blue' Meridiani materials and brighter 'red' deposits of dust belonging to Eos Province (the bright 'red' border between Oxia and regional Meridiani deposits to the south) and Xanthe Province (the moderately bright 'red' dust deposits in western Chryse Planitia and its vicinity, including the VL-1 landing site). Two Oxia units were recognized: a darker unit present on Lunae Planum and east of Oxia Palus that have intermediate to high inertias. Oxia Province surrounds the extremely low thermal inertia Arabia Province in the east part of the study area, and occurs as isolated patches within Arabia (often including splotches of Meridiani materials within the Oxia patches). Arabia Province's materials have been widely interpreted as unconsolidated dust deposits which are currently forming at this stage of Mars' precessional climate cycle, although the persistence of stable, moderately strong albedo contracts among Arabia materials has not been addressed in those models. A systematic interpretation of Oxia and Arabia Province materials based on currently available remote sensing data is given.

Strickland, Edwin L., III↗

NASA NTRS1991

NDE research efforts at the FAA Center for Aviation Systems Reliability

The Center for Aviation Systems Reliability (FAA-CASR), a part of the Institute for Physical Research and Technology at Iowa State University, began operation in the Fall of 1990 with funding from the FAA. The mission of the FAA-CASR is to develop quantitative nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods for aircraft structures and materials including prototype instrumentation, software, techniques, and procedures and to develop and maintain comprehensive education and training programs in aviation specific inspection procedures and practices. To accomplish this mission, FAA-CASR brings together resources from universities, government, and industry to develop a comprehensive approach to problems specific to the aviation industry. The problem areas are targeted by the FAA, aviation manufacturers, the airline industry and other members of the aviation business community. This consortium approach ensures that the focus of the efforts is on relevant problems and also facilitates effective transfer of the results to industry.

Aging Aircraft↗

NASA NTRS1992

A status of the activities of the NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Combustion Devices Technology Team

The Consortium for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Applications in Propulsion Technology was established to focus on computational fluid dynamics applications in propulsion. Specific areas of effort include developing the CFD technology required to address rocket propulsion issues, validating the technology, and applying the validated technology to design problems. The Combustion Devices Technology Team was formed to implement the above objectives in the broad area of combustion driven flows. In an effort to bring CFD to bear in the design environment, the team has focused its efforts on the Space Transportation Main Engine nozzle. The main emphasis has been on the film cooling scheme used to cool the nozzle wall. Benchmark problems have been chosen to validate CFD film cooling capabilities. CFD simulations of the subscale nozzle have been made. Also, CFD predictions of the base flow resulting from this type of nozzle have been made. The status of these calculations is presented along with future plans. Information is given in viewgraph form.

Tucker, Kevin↗

NASA NTRS1992

A status of the Turbine Technology Team activities

The recent activities of the Turbine Technology Team of the Consortium for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Application in Propulsion Technology is presented. The team consists of members from the government, industry, and universities. The goal of this team is to demonstrate the benefits to the turbine design process attainable through the application of CFD. This goal is to be achieved by enhancing and validating turbine design tools for improved loading and flowfield definition and loss prediction, and transferring the advanced technology to the turbine design process. In order to demonstrate the advantages of using CFD early in the design phase, the Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) turbines for the National Launch System (NLS) were chosen on which to focus the team's efforts. The Turbine Team activities run parallel to the STME design work.

Griffin, Lisa W.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Visionless TRAC

This final report documents the activities during a sabbatical. Leo Monford was the principal NASA contact for this work. The work supported a flight experiment planned by the Space Research Consortium which investigated the potential of using a Targeting Reflective Alignment Concept (TRAC) sensor to automatically rendezvous satellites. Other work supported the Explorer flight experiment by providing TRAC reflectors for future rendezvous experiments. The third project initiated was a visionless TRAC sensing concept called the PSD concept.

Everett, Louis J.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Development of a CFD code for casting simulation

The task of developing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code to accurately model the mold filling phase of a casting operation was accomplished in a systematic manner. First the state-of-the-art was determined through a literature search, a code search, and participation with casting industry personnel involved in consortium startups. From this material and inputs from industry personnel, an evaluation of the currently available codes was made. It was determined that a few of the codes already contained sophisticated CFD algorithms and further validation of one of these codes could preclude the development of a new CFD code for this purpose. With industry concurrence, ProCAST was chosen for further evaluation. Two benchmark cases were used to evaluate the code's performance using a Silicon Graphics Personal Iris system. The results of these limited evaluations (because of machine and time constraints) are presented along with discussions of possible improvements and recommendations for further evaluation.

Murph, Jesse E.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Pathways of Understanding: the Interactions of Humanity and Global Environmental Change

How humans, interacting within social systems, affect and are affected by global change is explored. Recognizing the impact human activities have on the environment and responding to the need to document the interactions among human activities, the Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) commissioned a group of 12 scientists to develop a framework illustrating the key human systems that contribute to global change. This framework, called the Social Process Diagram, will help natural and social scientists, educators, resource managers and policy makers envision and analyze how human systems interact among themselves and with the natural system. The Social Process Diagram consists of the following blocks that constitute the Diagram's structural framework: (1) fund of knowledge and experience; (2) preferences and expectations; (3) factors of production and technology; (4) population and social structure; (5) economic systems; (6) political systems and institutions; and (7) global scale environmental processes. To demonstrate potential ways the Diagram can be used, this document includes 3 hypothetical scenarios of global change issues: global warming and sea level rise; the environmental impact of human population migration; and energy and the environment. These scenarios demonstrate the Diagram's usefulness for visualizing specific processes that might be studied to evaluate a particular global change issues. The scenario also shows that interesting and unanticipated questions may emerge as links are explored between categories on the Diagram.

Jacobson, Harold K.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Experimental study of performance degradation of a rotating system in the NASA Lewis RC icing tunnel

The Helicopter Icing Consortium (HIC) conducted one of the first U.S. tests of a heavily instrumented model in the controlled environment of a refrigerated tunnel. In the Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) at NASA LeRC, ice was accreted on the main rotor blade of the BMTR-1 Sikorsky model helicopter under a variety of environmental conditions, such that liquid water content (LWC) and volume mean droplet diameter (VMD) ranges reflected the Federal Aviation Agency and Department of Defence icing condition envelopes. This report gives the correlated results of the data provided by NASA LeRC. The method of statistical analysis is discussed. Lift, thrust, and torque coefficients are presented as a function of icing time, as correlated with changes in ambient temperature, LWC, and VMD. The physical significance of these forces is discussed.

Korkan, Kenneth↗

NASA NTRS1991

Mission to Planet Earth

The NASA program described is an international study to predict changes in the earth's environment by means of multidisciplinary remote sensing from satellites. An international consortium dedicates satellites with advanced sensors to data collection, and a data processing system is described to collect and analyze a large amount of terrestrial data. The program requires international multidisciplinary involvement to collect and interpret the data and thereby manage and preserve the global environment.

Tilford, Shelby G.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Chemical studies of H chondrites. III - Regolith evolution of the Fayetteville chondrite parent

Radiochemical neutron concentration analysis was used to determine Ag, Au, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Ga, In, Rb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, and Zn contents in consortium samples of solar gas and track-rich dark matrix. Data obtained confirmed that the matrix is chemically homogeneous. Most dark clasts had similar mean trace element concentrations as the matrix but were compositionally much more heterogeneous. It is concluded that material incorporated with soil and compacted to form the dark portion of Fayetteville included soil-melt, the odd C2M fragment, and dark and light clasts which escaped comminution.

Xiao, Xiaoyue↗

NASA NTRS1992

Space Network Interoperability Panel (SNIP) study

The Space Network Interoperability Panel (SNIP) is described in terms of the panel's composition, purpose, history, and ongoing activities. SNIP is a consortium comprising NASA, ESA, and NASDA that is dedicated to the study of interoperability of the data-relay satellite (DRS) systems of the three groups. S-band and Ka-band interoperability are addressed by the SNIP study program by means of defining operations concepts, technical subjects, and other matters relevant to international DRS system compatibility. The potential users of the interoperability scheme are listed, cross-support techniques are described, and the load situations of the three agencies are characterized. A common 'interoperability frequency framework' is proposed, and both left-and right-hand circular polarization are incorporated to enhance flexibility and minimize interference. An operations concept is outlined based on these and other recommendations as developed by the international SNIP study.

Ryan, Thomas↗

NASA NTRS1991

The 4-meter lunar engineering telescope

The 16-meter diffraction limited lunar telescope incorporates a primary mirror with 312 one-meter segments; 3 nanometer active optics surface control with laser metrology and hexapod positioners; a space frame structure with one-millimeter stability; and a hexapod mount for pointing. The design data needed to limit risk in this development can be obtained by building a smaller engineering telescope on the moon with all of the features of the 16-meter design. This paper presents a 4.33-meter engineering telescope concept developed by the Summer 1990 Student Program of the NASA/JHU Space Grant Consortium Lunar Telescope Project. The primary mirror, made up of 18 one-meter hexagonal segments, is sized to provide interesting science as well as engineering data. The optics are configured as a Ritchey-Chretien with a coude relay to the focal plane beneath the surface. The optical path is continuously monitored with 3-nanometer precision interferometrically. An active optics processor and piezoelectric actuators operate to maintain the end-to-end optical configuration established by wave front sensing using a guide star. The mirror segments, consisting of a one-centimeter thick faceplate on 30-cm deep ribs, maintain the surface figure to a few nanometers under lunar gravity and thermal environment.

Peacock, Keith↗

NASA NTRS1992

Turbine Technology Team - An overview of current and planned activities relevant to the National Launch System (NLS)

The current status of the activities and future plans of the Turbine Technology Team of the Consortium for Computational Fluid Dynamics is reviewed. The activities of the Turbine Team focus on developing and enhancing codes and models, obtaining data for code validation and general understanding of flows through turbines, and developing and analyzing the aerodynamic designs of turbines suitable for use in the Space Transportation Main Engine fuel and oxidizer turbopumps. Future work will include the experimental evaluation of the oxidizer turbine configuration, the development, analysis, and experimental verification of concepts to control secondary and tip losses, and the aerodynamic design, analysis, and experimental evaluation of turbine volutes.

Griffin, Lisa W.↗

NASA NTRS1991

ECLSS medical support activities

During the period from April 10, 1990 to April 9, 1991, the Consortium for the Space Life Sciences provided technical assistance to the NASA/MSFC water recovery efforts. This assistance was in the form of literature reviews, technical recommendations, and presentations. This final report summarizes the activities completed during this period and identifies those areas requiring additional efforts. The tasks which the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) water recovery team addressed were either identified by MSFC technical representatives or chosen from those outlined in the subject statement of work.

Crump, William J.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Earth science information: Planning for the integration and use of global change information

Activities and accomplishments of the first six months of the Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN's) 1992 technical program have focused on four main missions: (1) the development and implementation of plans for initiation of the Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) as part of the EOSDIS Program; (2) the pursuit and development of a broad-based global change information cooperative by providing systems analysis and integration between natural science and social science data bases held by numerous federal agencies and other sources; (3) the fostering of scientific research into the human dimensions of global change and providing integration between natural science and social science data and information; and (4) the serving of CIESIN as a gateway for global change data and information distribution through development of the Global Change Research Information Office and other comprehensive knowledge sharing systems.

Lousma, Jack R.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Research summary, January 1989 - June 1990

The Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science (RIACS) was established at NASA ARC in June of 1983. RIACS is privately operated by the Universities Space Research Association (USRA), a consortium of 62 universities with graduate programs in the aerospace sciences, under a Cooperative Agreement with NASA. RIACS serves as the representative of the USRA universities at ARC. This document reports our activities and accomplishments for the period 1 Jan. 1989 - 30 Jun. 1990. The following topics are covered: learning systems, networked systems, and parallel systems.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1992

The Apollo 17 samples: The Massifs and landslide

More than 50 kg of rock and regolith samples, a little less than half the total Apollo 17 sample mass, was collected from the highland stations at Taurus-Littrow. Twice as much material was collected from the North Massif as from the South Massif and its landslide (the apparent disproportionate collecting at the mare sites is mainly a reflection of the large size of a few individual basalt samples). Descriptions of the collection, documentation, and nature of the samples are given. A comprehensive catalog is currently being produced. Many of the samples have been intensely studied over the last 20 years and some of the rocks have become very familiar and depicted in popular works, particularly the dunite clast (72415), the troctolite sample (76535), and the station 6 boulder samples. Most of the boulder samples have been studied in Consortium mode, and many of the rake samples have received a basic petrological/geochemical characterization.

Ryder, Graham↗